SI1031465047: Perbedaan revisi
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<div class="Section1"><div class="Section1"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">LatarBelakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Maraknya penggunaan smartphone pada semua kalangan masyarakat membuatmeningkatnya tuntutan alat-alat aksesoris untuk smartphone untuk kemudahandalam penggunaanya. <i>Smartphone</i> yangmemiliki fasilitas atau fungsi - fungsi seperti sebuah komputer itulah yangmembuat sebagian besar kalangan masyarakat menggunakan smartphone, mengirim danmenerima email, sosial media, browsing internet, pemutar musik, kamera danfitur lainnya. Tetapi fungsi sebagai telepon seluler tidak hilang sepertitelepon dan pesan singkat, bahkan lebih baik karena spesifikasi dari <i>smartphone</i> tersebut bisa dibilangtinggi. Seiring dengan hal tersebut para pengguna menjadi berlebihan dalammenggunakan <i>smartphone</i> karena tidaksesuai dengan tempatnya, seperti di tempat umum yang memancing tindakankejahatan karena harga dari <i>smartphone</i>cukup bernilai, misalkan jika pengguna ditempat umum mengeluarkan <i>smartphone</i> miliknya, dapat memancingpara pencopet atau penodong untuk merampas <i>smartphone</i>milik pengguna, kemudian untuk para pengendara sepeda motor saat menggunakan <i>smartphone</i> seperti menulis pesan singkatatau hanya melihat kondisi <i>smartphone</i>saat pengguna berhenti di pinggir jalan, dapat memancing perampasan dari pelakukriminal yang menggunakan sepeda motor juga, semua itu terjadi karena salahsatunya karena kita terkadang memancing <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span></div><div class="Section2"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tindakan kriminal dengan menunjukkan <i>smartphone</i> walaupun pengguna <i>smartphone</i>tidak menyadarinya. <i>Smartphone</i> milikpengguna yang bernilai itu merupakan sasaran bagi pelaku kriminal. Selain itusaat berkendara juga sangat membahayakan para pengendara jika sambil mengecekkondisi smartphone karena pengendara hanya menggunakan satu tangan untukmengendarai sepeda motor karena tangan yang satu lagi sedang fokus untuk menggunakan <i>smartphone</i>, dan tak hanya itu. Saat mengeluarkan <i>smartphone</i> untuk melihat kondisinya darikantong pakaian kita juga cukup menyulitkan apalagi bila pengendara menggunakansarung tangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Selain dari pesatnya penggunaan teknologi <i>smartphone</i> pada masyarakat, ada juga teknologi di bidang mikrokontrolleryang dapat dikatakan pesat perkembangannya dalam kehidupan sehari-harimasyarakat, yaitu <i>arduino</i>. <i>Arduino</i> merupakan modul mikrokontrolleryang cukup banyak digunakan untuk <i>embedded</i><i>system</i>, Sistem Otomasi dan perangkatpintar lainnya. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistemkendali atau sistem kontrol (<i>controlsystem</i>) adalah suatu alat untuk memerintah dan mengatur keadaan dari suatusistem. Istilah sistem kendali ini dapat dipraktekkan secara manual untukmengendalikan peralatan rumah secara otomatis <i>(home automation</i>) misalnya pintu dan jendela, ada juga yang dapatdiaplikasikan pada kendaraan .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Olehkarena itu, dibutuhkan suatu perangkat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">berbasismikrokontroller </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">yang dapat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> membantu pengguna untuk menampilkan kondisi dari <i>smartphone</i> seperti adanya pesan masukatau telepon yang masuk ke <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">smartphone</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">,berukuran kecil dan bisa di implementasikan sesuai dengan pekerjaan pengguna.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RumusanMasalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Darilatar belakang permasalahan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan permasalahan sebagaiberikut:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Apakah aplikasi<i> android</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">bisa mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke <i>Smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimana membuat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">perangkat berbasis <i>Arduino</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">yang mampu menjadi media </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">antarmuka pemberitahuanpesan singkat yang baru masuk ke <i>Smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimana komunikasiantara aplikasi berbasis <i>android</i>dengan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> perangkat <i>Arduino</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RuangLingkup<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagaipembatasan bahasan atas penyusunan laporan ini sehingga fokus dan sesuai dengantujuan yang ditetapkan, maka ruang lingkup laporan ini adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Aplikasi berbasis <i>android</i> untuk men</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ampilkan pemberitahuan pesan yang baru masuk kesmartphone.</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perangkat berbasis <i>arduino</i> <i>pro</i> <i>micro</i> dapatberkomunikasi dengan smartphone lewat <i>bluetooth</i>untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan pesansingkat yang baru masuk ke <i>smartphone</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuandan Manfaat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Individu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memenuhi syaratkelulusan untuk jenjang Strata (S1).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengaplikasikan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ilmu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">yang penulis </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dapat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">selama pekuliahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Fungsional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Membuat aplikasiberbasis <i>android</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">yang dapat menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat yangbaru masuk ke <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Membuat perangkatberbasis <i>Arduino</i> yang dapatberkomunikasi dengan <i>smartphone</i> lewat<i>bluetooth</i> untuk menampilkan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Agar </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pengguna <i>smartphone</i>lebih mendapat kemudahan dalam menggunakan <i>smartphone</i>nya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Agar </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pengguna <i>smartphone</i>dapat melihat pesan yang masuk ke <i>smartphone</i>mereka tanpa melihat secara langsung <i>smartphone</i>milik mereka dan ini berguna bagi pengguna yang sedang di tempat umum danberkendara untuk mencegah hal - hal yang tidak diinginkan terjadi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat individu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat mengembangkanilmu yang penulis dapatkan selama perkuliahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan kepuasankarena dapat menciptakan sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Memberikan suatuterobosan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">baru </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> pada tempat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">perkuliahanpenulis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> di </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">STMIK RAHARJA.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat fungsional <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aplikasi <i>smartphone</i> yang dirancang dapatmengambil data atau teks pesan singkat yang masuk ke <i>smartphone</i>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dapat melihat pesansingkat yang masuk ke <i>smartphone</i>tanpa melihat secara langsung <i>smartphone</i>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mempermudah dalammenggunakan <i>smartphone</i> karena lebihpraktis.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mempermudahpenggunaan <i>smartphone</i> jika sedangberkendara atau ditempat umum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePenelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePengumpulan Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Observasi(<i>Observation</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam metode ini penulis melakukanobservasi terhadap</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> lingkungan parapengguna <i>smartphone</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">agarpenulis mendapatkan data yang dibutuhkan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wawancara(<i>Interview</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Selain observasi penulis juga melakukanwawancara kepada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">para pengguna <i>smartphone</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">untukmengetahui kebutuhan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">atau keinginanperangkat yang dibutuhkan untuk membantu pengguna <i>smartphone</i> lebih mudah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">StudiKepustakaan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Selain melakukanobservasi dan wawancara penulis juga melakukan studi kepustakaan, <i>browsing internet</i>, jurnal, dan artikeldengan cara pengumpulan data, dalam hal ini penulis berusaha melengkapidata-data yang diperoleh dengan cara mencari artikel sebagai referensi yangberhubungan dengan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> perancanganaplikasi dan perangkat berbasis arduino untuk menampilkan kondisi dari <i>smartphone</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodeAnalisa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode Analisa Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam metode ini peneliti menganalisa teoridari data-data yang diperoleh sehingga dapat menghasilkan informasi yang bermanfaatdalam penelitian. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode Analisa Perancangan Program<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode analisa perancangan program padapenelitian skripsi ini penulis menggunakan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">agan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">lir </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">rogram (<i>Flowchart</i>Program). Hal tersebut dikarenakan penulis membuat <i>interface</i> dengan menggunakan <i>Basic4Android</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePerancangan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam melakukan perancangan penulismenggunakan metode Sistem <i>F</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">lowchart </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">dimanatahap demi tahap </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">proses pembuatan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">perangkat berbasis <i>arduino</i>untuk menampilkan kondisi dari <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePrototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe yangdigunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah pendekatan <i>evolutionary</i>, dimana penulis melakukan pengembangan terhadap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Arduino</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> agar dapat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">menerima data dari aplikasi yang terdapat di <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.5<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodeTesting <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam metode pengujian ini penulis melakukanuji coba dengan metode <i>Black Box</i>terhadap prototipe yang telah dibuat agar diketahui apakah prototipe sudahberjalan sesuai ketentuan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.6<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SistematikaPenulisan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 42.55pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt 217.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> BAB I PENDAHULUAN </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikantentang latar belakang masalah, rumusan masalah, ruang lingkup, tujuanpenelitian, manfaat penelitian, metode penelitian dan sistematika penulisanyang digunakan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB II LANDASAN TEORI</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikantentang teori umum yang terdiri dari </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">konsepdasar sistem, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">konsep dasar <i>flowchart</i> dan konsep dasar <i>blackbox</i>,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">konsepdasar prototipe, serta konsep dasar </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">mikrokontroller</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,konsep </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komunikasi Serial</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,konsep <i>android smartphone</i>, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">konsep dasar elektronik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">dan <i>literature review</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB III </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bab ini merupakan pembahasan laporan penulisan skripsi,yang berisi tentang : Analisa blok rangkaian,</span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> analisa perancanganaplikasi <i>android</i></span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">dan fungsi-fungsinya, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">konfigurasi sistem dan flowchart program sertasistem yang dibuat.</span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB IV RANCANGANSISTEM YANG DIUSULKAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.65pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam bab inipenulis menguraikan sistem yang akan diusulkan seperti usulan prosedur yang baru, diagram rancangan sistem,rancangan basis data yang terdiri dari normalisasi dan spesifikasi basis data. <i>Flowchart</i> sistem yang diusulkan,rancangan prototipe, konfigurasi sistem, <i>testing</i>,evaluasi, <i>schedulle</i> <i>implementasi</i>, dan estimasi biaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB V PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikesimpulan dari hasil pengujian alat dan beberapa saran untuk pengembanganlebih lanjut.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div></div> | <div class="Section1"><div class="Section1"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">LatarBelakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Maraknya penggunaan smartphone pada semua kalangan masyarakat membuatmeningkatnya tuntutan alat-alat aksesoris untuk smartphone untuk kemudahandalam penggunaanya. <i>Smartphone</i> yangmemiliki fasilitas atau fungsi - fungsi seperti sebuah komputer itulah yangmembuat sebagian besar kalangan masyarakat menggunakan smartphone, mengirim danmenerima email, sosial media, browsing internet, pemutar musik, kamera danfitur lainnya. Tetapi fungsi sebagai telepon seluler tidak hilang sepertitelepon dan pesan singkat, bahkan lebih baik karena spesifikasi dari <i>smartphone</i> tersebut bisa dibilangtinggi. Seiring dengan hal tersebut para pengguna menjadi berlebihan dalammenggunakan <i>smartphone</i> karena tidaksesuai dengan tempatnya, seperti di tempat umum yang memancing tindakankejahatan karena harga dari <i>smartphone</i>cukup bernilai, misalkan jika pengguna ditempat umum mengeluarkan <i>smartphone</i> miliknya, dapat memancingpara pencopet atau penodong untuk merampas <i>smartphone</i>milik pengguna, kemudian untuk para pengendara sepeda motor saat menggunakan <i>smartphone</i> seperti menulis pesan singkatatau hanya melihat kondisi <i>smartphone</i>saat pengguna berhenti di pinggir jalan, dapat memancing perampasan dari pelakukriminal yang menggunakan sepeda motor juga, semua itu terjadi karena salahsatunya karena kita terkadang memancing <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span></div><div class="Section2"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tindakan kriminal dengan menunjukkan <i>smartphone</i> walaupun pengguna <i>smartphone</i>tidak menyadarinya. <i>Smartphone</i> milikpengguna yang bernilai itu merupakan sasaran bagi pelaku kriminal. Selain itusaat berkendara juga sangat membahayakan para pengendara jika sambil mengecekkondisi smartphone karena pengendara hanya menggunakan satu tangan untukmengendarai sepeda motor karena tangan yang satu lagi sedang fokus untuk menggunakan <i>smartphone</i>, dan tak hanya itu. Saat mengeluarkan <i>smartphone</i> untuk melihat kondisinya darikantong pakaian kita juga cukup menyulitkan apalagi bila pengendara menggunakansarung tangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Selain dari pesatnya penggunaan teknologi <i>smartphone</i> pada masyarakat, ada juga teknologi di bidang mikrokontrolleryang dapat dikatakan pesat perkembangannya dalam kehidupan sehari-harimasyarakat, yaitu <i>arduino</i>. <i>Arduino</i> merupakan modul mikrokontrolleryang cukup banyak digunakan untuk <i>embedded</i><i>system</i>, Sistem Otomasi dan perangkatpintar lainnya. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistemkendali atau sistem kontrol (<i>controlsystem</i>) adalah suatu alat untuk memerintah dan mengatur keadaan dari suatusistem. Istilah sistem kendali ini dapat dipraktekkan secara manual untukmengendalikan peralatan rumah secara otomatis <i>(home automation</i>) misalnya pintu dan jendela, ada juga yang dapatdiaplikasikan pada kendaraan .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Olehkarena itu, dibutuhkan suatu perangkat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">berbasismikrokontroller </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">yang dapat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> membantu pengguna untuk menampilkan kondisi dari <i>smartphone</i> seperti adanya pesan masukatau telepon yang masuk ke <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">smartphone</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">,berukuran kecil dan bisa di implementasikan sesuai dengan pekerjaan pengguna.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RumusanMasalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Darilatar belakang permasalahan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan permasalahan sebagaiberikut:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Apakah aplikasi<i> android</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">bisa mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke <i>Smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimana membuat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">perangkat berbasis <i>Arduino</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">yang mampu menjadi media </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">antarmuka pemberitahuanpesan singkat yang baru masuk ke <i>Smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimana komunikasiantara aplikasi berbasis <i>android</i>dengan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> perangkat <i>Arduino</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RuangLingkup<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagaipembatasan bahasan atas penyusunan laporan ini sehingga fokus dan sesuai dengantujuan yang ditetapkan, maka ruang lingkup laporan ini adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Aplikasi berbasis <i>android</i> untuk men</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ampilkan pemberitahuan pesan yang baru masuk kesmartphone.</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perangkat berbasis <i>arduino</i> <i>pro</i> <i>micro</i> dapatberkomunikasi dengan smartphone lewat <i>bluetooth</i>untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan pesansingkat yang baru masuk ke <i>smartphone</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuandan Manfaat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Individu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memenuhi syaratkelulusan untuk jenjang Strata (S1).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengaplikasikan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ilmu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">yang penulis </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dapat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">selama pekuliahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Fungsional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Membuat aplikasiberbasis <i>android</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">yang dapat menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat yangbaru masuk ke <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Membuat perangkatberbasis <i>Arduino</i> yang dapatberkomunikasi dengan <i>smartphone</i> lewat<i>bluetooth</i> untuk menampilkan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Agar </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pengguna <i>smartphone</i>lebih mendapat kemudahan dalam menggunakan <i>smartphone</i>nya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Agar </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pengguna <i>smartphone</i>dapat melihat pesan yang masuk ke <i>smartphone</i>mereka tanpa melihat secara langsung <i>smartphone</i>milik mereka dan ini berguna bagi pengguna yang sedang di tempat umum danberkendara untuk mencegah hal - hal yang tidak diinginkan terjadi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat individu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat mengembangkanilmu yang penulis dapatkan selama perkuliahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan kepuasankarena dapat menciptakan sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Memberikan suatuterobosan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">baru </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> pada tempat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">perkuliahanpenulis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> di </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">STMIK RAHARJA.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat fungsional <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aplikasi <i>smartphone</i> yang dirancang dapatmengambil data atau teks pesan singkat yang masuk ke <i>smartphone</i>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dapat melihat pesansingkat yang masuk ke <i>smartphone</i>tanpa melihat secara langsung <i>smartphone</i>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mempermudah dalammenggunakan <i>smartphone</i> karena lebihpraktis.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mempermudahpenggunaan <i>smartphone</i> jika sedangberkendara atau ditempat umum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePenelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePengumpulan Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Observasi(<i>Observation</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam metode ini penulis melakukanobservasi terhadap</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> lingkungan parapengguna <i>smartphone</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">agarpenulis mendapatkan data yang dibutuhkan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wawancara(<i>Interview</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Selain observasi penulis juga melakukanwawancara kepada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">para pengguna <i>smartphone</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">untukmengetahui kebutuhan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">atau keinginanperangkat yang dibutuhkan untuk membantu pengguna <i>smartphone</i> lebih mudah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">StudiKepustakaan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Selain melakukanobservasi dan wawancara penulis juga melakukan studi kepustakaan, <i>browsing internet</i>, jurnal, dan artikeldengan cara pengumpulan data, dalam hal ini penulis berusaha melengkapidata-data yang diperoleh dengan cara mencari artikel sebagai referensi yangberhubungan dengan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> perancanganaplikasi dan perangkat berbasis arduino untuk menampilkan kondisi dari <i>smartphone</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodeAnalisa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode Analisa Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam metode ini peneliti menganalisa teoridari data-data yang diperoleh sehingga dapat menghasilkan informasi yang bermanfaatdalam penelitian. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode Analisa Perancangan Program<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode analisa perancangan program padapenelitian skripsi ini penulis menggunakan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">agan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">lir </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">rogram (<i>Flowchart</i>Program). Hal tersebut dikarenakan penulis membuat <i>interface</i> dengan menggunakan <i>Basic4Android</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePerancangan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam melakukan perancangan penulismenggunakan metode Sistem <i>F</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">lowchart </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">dimanatahap demi tahap </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">proses pembuatan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">perangkat berbasis <i>arduino</i>untuk menampilkan kondisi dari <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePrototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe yangdigunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah pendekatan <i>evolutionary</i>, dimana penulis melakukan pengembangan terhadap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Arduino</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> agar dapat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">menerima data dari aplikasi yang terdapat di <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.5<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodeTesting <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam metode pengujian ini penulis melakukanuji coba dengan metode <i>Black Box</i>terhadap prototipe yang telah dibuat agar diketahui apakah prototipe sudahberjalan sesuai ketentuan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.6<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SistematikaPenulisan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 42.55pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt 217.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> BAB I PENDAHULUAN </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikantentang latar belakang masalah, rumusan masalah, ruang lingkup, tujuanpenelitian, manfaat penelitian, metode penelitian dan sistematika penulisanyang digunakan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB II LANDASAN TEORI</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikantentang teori umum yang terdiri dari </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">konsepdasar sistem, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">konsep dasar <i>flowchart</i> dan konsep dasar <i>blackbox</i>,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">konsepdasar prototipe, serta konsep dasar </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">mikrokontroller</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,konsep </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komunikasi Serial</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,konsep <i>android smartphone</i>, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">konsep dasar elektronik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">dan <i>literature review</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB III </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bab ini merupakan pembahasan laporan penulisan skripsi,yang berisi tentang : Analisa blok rangkaian,</span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> analisa perancanganaplikasi <i>android</i></span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">dan fungsi-fungsinya, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">konfigurasi sistem dan flowchart program sertasistem yang dibuat.</span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB IV RANCANGANSISTEM YANG DIUSULKAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.65pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam bab inipenulis menguraikan sistem yang akan diusulkan seperti usulan prosedur yang baru, diagram rancangan sistem,rancangan basis data yang terdiri dari normalisasi dan spesifikasi basis data. <i>Flowchart</i> sistem yang diusulkan,rancangan prototipe, konfigurasi sistem, <i>testing</i>,evaluasi, <i>schedulle</i> <i>implementasi</i>, dan estimasi biaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB V PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikesimpulan dari hasil pengujian alat dan beberapa saran untuk pengembanganlebih lanjut.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; 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=<div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''BAB II'''</div>= | =<div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''BAB II'''</div>= | ||
<div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''LANDASAN TEORI'''</div> | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''LANDASAN TEORI'''</div> | ||
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− | + | <div class="Section1"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BABII<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">LANDASANTEORI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TeoriUmu</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Teori – teori umum yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniadalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar flowchart<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar blackbox<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar prototipe<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">2.1.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DefinisiSistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">Menurut Sucipto (2011:1), “Sistem adalah kumpulanelemen-elemen yang saling berkaitan dan bertanggung jawab memproses masukan (<i>input</i>) sehingga menghasilkan keluaran (<i>output</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSutabri (2012:10), “Secara sederhana suatu sistem dapat diartikan sebagai suatukumpulan atau himpunan dari unsur, komponen, atau variabel yang terorganisir,saling berinteraksi, saling tergantung satu sama lain, dan terpadu”.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="FontStyle43"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Daripendapat yang dikemukakan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">sistem adalah suatu jaringan kerja yangterdiri dari input, proses dan output yang saling terintegrasi dan salingberinteraksi satu sama lain untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div></div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span></b><br /><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KarakteristikSistem</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">Menurut Sucipto (2011:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">),</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Sistem memiliki sifat-sifat ataukarakteristik, sistem mempunyai beberapa komponen yaitu :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Komponen Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Suatu sistemdapat terdiri dari beberapa komponen yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yanglain dan bekerja sama membentuk satu kesatuan, sistem dapat terdiri daribagian-bagian yang mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda dan saling terhubung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Batasan Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Setiap sistemterdiri dari sub –sub sistem dan setiap sistem/sub sistem mempunyai tata kerjayang berbeda antara satu dengan yang lain, sistem mempunyai kemampuan yangterbatas dan ruang lingkup yang terbatas. Batasan, merupakan batasan-batasanyang ada dalam mencapai tujuan dari sistem, dimana batasan ini dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Prosedural<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya – biaya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Personel<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Peralatan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mekanismepengolahan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Lingkungan Luar Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Baik dan buruknya kinerja sistem dapat dipengaruhi olehlingkungan luar sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penghubung Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk dapatberkomunikasi satu sub sistem dengan sub sistem yang lain didukung adanyapenghubung, input suatu sistem dapat berasal dari output sub sistem yang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Masukan Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sesuatu yangdimasukkan dalam sistem sehingga sistem dapat melakukan proses.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Input,merupakan bagian dari sistem yang bertugas untuk menerima data masukan, dimanadata dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Asal masukan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Frekuensi pemasukandata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis pemasukandata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Keluaran Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hasil dariinputan yang telah dimanipulasi menjadi bentuk yang berbeda. Output, merupakankeluaran atau tujuan akhir dari sistem output dapat berupa :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo49; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Laporan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo49; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Grafik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengolah Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mekanismemanipulasi yang disebabkan dari masukan dengan menggunakan model atau metodetertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Proses,merupakan bagian yang memproses masukan data menjadi informasi sesuai dengankeinginan penerima :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Klasifikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Peringkasan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pencaharian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sasaran Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sesuatu yangdapat dicapai dari perpaduan input, proses, dan output yang berupa sasaran(objective) atau tujuan (goal). Tujuan, merupakan tujuan dari sistem tersebutyang dapat berupa :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tujuan usaha<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kebutuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Prosedur pencapaiantujuan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrol, merupakanpengawas dari pelaksanaan pencapaian tujuan sistem, yang dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrol pemasukandata (input)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrol pengeluarandata (output)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrolpengoperasian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><!--[endif]--> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">I P O<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><!--[if !mso]--></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:group coordorigin="2850,9435" coordsize="5415,2355" id="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 117.75pt; left: 0; margin-left: 99.75pt; margin-top: 2.85pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 270.75pt; z-index: 18;"> <v:oval id="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 2355; left: 2850; position: absolute; top: 9435; width: 2415;"> <v:oval id="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 1305; left: 6825; position: absolute; top: 9825; width: 1440;"> <v:textbox> <!--[if !mso]--> <!--[endif]--></v:textbox> </v:oval><v:oval id="_x0000_s1029" style="height: 720; left: 3750; position: absolute; top: 9615; width: 750;"> <v:oval id="_x0000_s1030" style="height: 720; left: 3150; position: absolute; top: 10575; width: 750;"> <v:oval id="_x0000_s1031" style="height: 720; left: 4200; position: absolute; top: 10545; width: 750;"> <v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t32" o:oned="t" o:spt="32" path="m,l21600,21600e"> <v:path arrowok="t" fillok="f" o:connecttype="none"> <o:lock shapetype="t" v:ext="edit"> </o:lock></v:path></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1032" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: y; 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left: 3944; position: absolute; rotation: 38615728fd; top: 10755; width: 223;"> <v:shape id="_x0000_s1038" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: y; height: 210; left: 3750; position: absolute; top: 10335; width: 150;" type="#_x0000_t32"> <v:stroke endarrow="block"> </v:stroke></v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1039" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: x; height: 177; left: 3677; position: absolute; top: 10463; width: 127;" type="#_x0000_t32"> <v:stroke endarrow="block"> </v:stroke></v:shape></v:group><v:group coordorigin="3677,10335" coordsize="223,305" id="_x0000_s1040" style="height: 305; left: 4341; position: absolute; rotation: -4154562fd; top: 10252; width: 223;"> <v:shape id="_x0000_s1041" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: y; height: 210; left: 3750; position: absolute; top: 10335; width: 150;" type="#_x0000_t32"> <v:stroke endarrow="block"> </v:stroke></v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1042" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: x; height: 177; left: 3677; position: absolute; top: 10463; width: 127;" type="#_x0000_t32"> <v:stroke endarrow="block"> </v:stroke></v:shape></v:group></v:oval></v:oval></v:oval></v:oval></v:group><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sumber : Sucipto (2011:5)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 2.1 Karakteristik Suatu Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KlasifikasiSistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSutabri (2012:22), sistem merupakan suatu bentuk integrasi antara satu komponendengan komponen lainnya karena sistem memiliki sasaranyang berbeda untuk setiapkasus yang terjadi yang ada di dalam sistem tersebut. Oleh karena itu, sistemdapat diklasifikasikan dari beberapa sudut pandang, diantaranya:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Abstrak danSistem Fisik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem abst</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ak adalah sistem yangberupa pemikiran atau ide-ide yang tidak tampak secara fisik, misalnya sistemteologia, yaitu sistem yang berupa pemikiran hubungan antara manusia denganTuhan, sedangkan sistem fisik merupakan sistem yang ada secara fisik, misalnyasistem komputer, sistem produksi, sistem penjualan, sistem administrasipersonalia, dan lain sebagainya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Alamiah danSistem Buatan Manusia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem alamiah adalahsistem yang terjadi melalui proses alam, tidak dibuat oleh manusia, misalnyasistem perputaran bumi, terjadinya siang malam, dan pergantian musim. Sedangkansistem buatn manusia merupakan sistemyang melibatkan interaksi manusia denganmesin yang disebut <i>human machine sistem</i>.Sistem informasi berbasis komputer merupakan contoh <i>human machine</i> sistem karena menyangkut penggunaan komputer yangberinteraksi dengan manusia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Determinasi danSistem Probabilistik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem yang berint</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">e</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ksi dengan tingkah lakuyang dapat diprediksi disebut sistem <i>deterministic</i>.Sistem komputer adalah contoh dari sistem yang tingkah lakuny</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> dapat dipastikanberdasarkan program-program komputer yang dijalankan. Sedangkan sistem yangbersifat probabilistik adalah sistem yang kondisi masa depannya tidak dapatdiprediksi karena mengandung unsur <i>probabilistic</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Tertutup danSistem Terbuka<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem tertutupmerupakan sistem yang tidak berhubungan dan tidak terpengaruh oleh lingkung</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">n luarnya. Sistem inibekerja secara otomatis tanpa campur tangan pihak luar. Sedangkan sistem tebukaadalah sistem yang berhubungan dan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan luarnya. Sistemini menerima masukan dan menghasilkan keluaran untuk subsistem lainnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level3 lfo42; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Flowchart<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Flowchart <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Adelia dan Jimmy Setiawan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"> (2011:116),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">“Flowchart adalah penggambaran secara grafik darilangkah-langkah dan urutan-urutan prosedur dari suatu program”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Sulindawati dan Muhammad Fathoni (2010:8), “Flowchart adalah penggambaran </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">secara grafik dari langkah-langkah dau urutan-urutan prosedur darisuatu <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">program”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Daripendapat yang dikemukakan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Flowchart adalah bentuk gambar atau diagram yangmempunyai aliran satu atau </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">duaarah secara sekuensial.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Flowchart biasanya mempermudah penyelesaian suatu masalah </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">khususnyamasalah yang perlu dipelajari dan di evaluasi lebih lanjut. Bila </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">seorang analisi dan programmer akan membuatflowchart, ada beberapa </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">petunjukyang harus diperhatikan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Cara Membuat Flowchart <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada beberapa petunjuk dalam pembuatan Flowchart </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSulindawati dan Muhammad Fathoni </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;"> (2010:8): <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level7 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Flowchart digambarkan dari halaman atas ke bawah dan kiri ke kanan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Aktifitas yang digambarkan harus didefinisikan secara hati-hati dandefinisi ini harus dapat dimengerti oleh pembacanya. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kapan aktifitas dimulai dan berakhir harus ditentukan secara jelas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Setiap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">langkah dari aktivitas harus diuraikan dengan menggunakan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">deskripsi kata kerja. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Setiap langkah dari aktifitas harus berada pada urutan yang benar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lingkup dan range dari aktifitas yang sedang digambarkan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">harus </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">ditelusuri dengan hati-hati. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Gunakan s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">mbol-simbol flowchart yang standar. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l26 level2 lfo29; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Jenis-Jenis Flowchart <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada lima macam flowchartatau bagan alir yang akan dibahas, yaitu <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">sebagaiberikut: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l51 level2 lfo30; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas> <v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f"> <o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_s1064" style="height: 221.85pt; left: 0; margin-left: 71.85pt; margin-top: 101.35pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 314.55pt; z-index: 14;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.emz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan bagan yang menunjukkan alur kerjaatau apa yang sedang </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">dikerjakandi dalam system secara keseluruhan dan menjelaskan urutan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">dari prosedur-prosedur yang ada dalam sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.2. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Sistem</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l38 level2 lfo31; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Dokumen <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1063" style="height: 186pt; left: 0; margin-left: 105.6pt; margin-top: 77.1pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 230.25pt; z-index: 2;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.emz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menelusuri alur dari data yang ditulismelalui sistem. Fungsi utamanya </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">untuk menelusuri alur form dan laporan sistem dari satu bagian ke </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">bagian yang lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Gambar 2.</span></b><b>3</b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Bagan Alir Dokumen</span></b><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l53 level2 lfo32; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Skematik <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1062" style="height: 213.75pt; left: 0; margin-left: 93.6pt; margin-top: 46.6pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 291pt; z-index: 15;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">Mirip dengan Flowchart sistem yangmenggambarkan suatu sistem atau prosedur. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Gambar2.</span></b><b>4<span lang="EN-US">. <span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">Bagan AlirSkematik </span></span></b><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo33; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Program <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="FlowchartExample.png" id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_s1061" style="height: 343.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 101.05pt; margin-top: 47.05pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 189.75pt; z-index: -23;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="FlowchartExample" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan keterangan yang lebih rinci tentang bagaimana setiap </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">langkah programatau prosedur yang dilaksanakan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 126.4pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.5. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Bagan Alir Program <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo34; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Proses <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakanteknik penggambaran rekayasa </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">industrialyang memecah dan menganalisis</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">langkah selanjutnya dari sebuah sistem. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 126.4pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><v:shape alt="al2.png" id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_s1060" style="height: 202.5pt; margin-left: 32.85pt; margin-top: -22.8pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 339pt; z-index: 3;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="al2" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 149.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.6. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Bagan Alir Proses <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level3 lfo42; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar Black Box</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 13.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level7 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Black Box <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Siddiq (2012:4), “Pengujian <i>black box</i> adalah pengujian aspekfundamental sistem tanpa memperhatikanstruktur logika internal </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">perangkat lunak. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">perangkat lunak berfungsi dengan benar. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Budiman </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">(2012:4) Pengujian <i>black box</i> merupakan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">metode perancangan data uji yang didasarkanpada spesifikasi perangkat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">lunak. Data uji dibangkitkan, dieksekusi pada perangkat lunak dan kemudian keluaran dariperangkat lunak diuji apakah telah sesuai dengan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">yang diharapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari kedua definisi di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">pengujian Black Box digunakan untuk mengujisistem dari segi user yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">dititik beratkan pada pengujian kinerja, spesifikasi dan antarmukasistem </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">tersebuttanpa menguji kode program yang ada.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Berbeda dengan <i>white Box</i>, <i>Black Box</i>Testing tidak membutuhkan pengetahuan mengenai, alur internal (internal path), struktur atau </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">implementasi dari <i>softwareunder test</i> (SUT). Karena itu uji coba <i>Black<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Box</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> memungkinkan pengembang software untuk membuat himpunan </span>kondisi input yangakan melatih seluruh syarat-syarat fungsional suatu <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">program. </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji coba <i>BlackBox</i> bukan merupakan alternatif dari uji coba white </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Box, tetapi merupakan pendekatan yang melengkapi untuk menemukankesalahan lainnya, selain menggunakan metode <i>white Box</i>. <i>Black Box</i> Testing dapat dilakukan padasetiap level pembangunan sistem. Mulai dari <i>unit,integration, system,</i> dan <i>acceptance.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji coba <i>Black Box</i>berusaha untuk menemukan kesalahan dalam beberapa kategori, diantaranya: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Fungsi-fungsiyang salah atau hilang <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesalahaninterface <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesalahandalam struktur data atau akses database eksternal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesalahanperforma <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kesalahaninisialisasi dan terminasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tidak seperti metode <i>whiteBox</i> yang dilaksanakan diawal proses, uji coba <i>Black Box </i>diaplikasikan dibeberapa tahapan berikutnya. Karena ujicoba <i>Black Box</i> dengan sengajamengabaikan struktur kontrol, sehingga perhatiannya difokuskan pada informasidomain. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji coba didesain untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan pertanyaanberikut:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimanavaliditas fungsionalnya diuji? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jenis inputseperti apa yang akan menghasilkan kasus uji yang baik? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Apakahsistem secara khusus sensitif terhadap nilai input tertentu? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimanabatasan-batasan kelas data diisolasi? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Beraparasio data dan jumlah data yang dapat ditoleransi oleh sistem? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Apa akibatyang akan timbul dari kombinasi spesifik data pada operasi sistem?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sehingga dalam uji coba <i>Black Box</i> harus melewati beberapa proses sebagaiberikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level5 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menganalisiskebutuhan dan spesifikasi dari perangkat lunak. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemilihanjenis input yang memungkinkan menghasilkan output benar serta jenis input yang memungkinkan output salah pada perangkat lunak yang sedang diuji. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukanoutput untuk suatu jenis input. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengujiandilakukan dengan input-input yang telah benar-benar diseleksi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Melakukanpengujian. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pembandingan output yang dihasilkan dengan output yang diharapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukanfungsionalitas yang seharusnya ada pada perangkat lunak yang sedang diuji.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo38; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode Pengujian Dalam Black Box <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada beberapa macam metode pengujian <i>Black Box</i>, berikut diantaranya: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Equivalence Partioning <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Equivalence Partioning</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan metode uji coba <i>Black Box</i> yang membagi domain input dari program menjadi beberapakelas data dari kasus uji coba yang dihasilkan. Kasus uji penanganan singleyang ideal menemukan sejumlah kesalahan (misalnya: kesalahan pemrosesan dariseluruh data karakter) yang merupakan syarat lain dari suatu kasus yangdieksekusi sebelum kesalahan umum diamati.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Boundary Value Analysis <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Sejumlah besar kesalahan cenderung terjadidalam batasan domain <i>input</i> dari padanilai tengah. Untuk alasan ini <i>boundaryvalue analysis</i> (BVA) dibuat sebagai teknik uji coba. BVA mengarahkan pada pemilihan kasus uji yang melatihnilai-nilai batas. BVA merupakan desain teknik kasus uji yang melengkapi <i>Equivalence partitioning</i>. Dari padamemfokuskan hanya pada kondisi input, BVA juga menghasilkan kasus uji daridomain output.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Cause-Effect Graphing Techniques <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Cause-Effect Graphing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan desain teknik kasus uji coba yang menyediakan representasisingkat mengenai kondisi logikal dan aksi yang berhubungan. Tekniknya mengikuti4 tahapan berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Causes</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> (kondisi <i>input</i>), dan <i>Effects</i>(aksi) didaftarkan untuk modul dan identifier yang dtujukan untukmasing-masing. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Pembuatan grafik <i>Causes-Effectgraph</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Grafik dikonversikan kedalam tabel keputusan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Aturan tabel keputusan dikonversikan kedalam kasus uji<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Comparison Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam beberapa situasi (seperti: <i>aircraftavionic, nuclear Power plant control</i>) dimana keandalan suatu <i>software</i> amat kritis, beberapa aplikasisering menggunakan <i>software</i> dan <i>hardware</i> ganda (<i>redundant</i>). Ketika software redundant dibuat, tim pengembangan software lainnya membangun versi <i>independent </i>dari aplikasi dengan menggunakan spesifikasi yang sama.Setiap versi dapat diuji dengan data uji yang sama untuk memastikan seluruhnyamenyediakan <i>output</i> yang sama.Kemudian seluruh versi dieksekusi secara parallel dengan perbandingan hasil <i>real-time </i>untuk memastikan konsistensi.Dianjurkan bahwa versi <i>independent</i>suatu <i>software </i>untuk aplikasi yangamat kritis harus dibuat, walaupun nantinya hanya satu versi saja yang akan digunakan dalam sistem. Versi <i>independent</i>ini merupakan basis dari teknik <i>Black BoxTesting</i> yang disebut <i>ComparisonTesting</i> atau <i>back-to-back Testing</i>.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Sample and Robustness Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo41; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Sample Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Melibatkan beberapa nilai yang terpilih darisebuah kelas ek</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">u</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">ivalen, seperti Mengintegrasikan nilai pada kasus uji. Nilai-nilai yang terpilih mungkin dipilih dengan urutan tertentu atau intervaltertentu <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo41; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Robustness Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengujian ketahanan (<i>Robustness Testing</i>) adalahmetodologi jaminan mutu difokuskan pada pengujian ketahanan perangkat lunak. Pengujian ketahanan juga digunakan untuk menggambarkanproses verifikasi kekokohan (yaitu kebenaran) kasus uji dalam proses pengujian. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Behavior Testing dan Performance Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Behavior Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Hasil uji tidak dapat dievaluasi jika hanyamelakukan pengujian sekali, tapi dapat dievaluasi jika pengujian dilakukanbeberapa kali, misalnya pada pengujian struktur <i>data stack</i>.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Performance Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan program untuk beroperasi dengan benar dipandang dari sisi acuan kebutuhan. Misalnya: aliran data, ukuran pemakaian memori, kecepatan eksekusi, dll.Selain itu juga digunakan untuk mencari tahu beban kerja atau kondisi konfigurasi program. Spesifikasi mengenai performansididefinisikan pada saat tahap spesifikasi atau desain. Dapat digunakan untukmenguji batasan lingkungan program.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 13.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Requirement Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Spesifikasi kebutuhan yang terasosiasi dengan perangkat lunak</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(<i>input/output</i>/fungsi/performansi)diidentifikasi pada tahapspesifikasi <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">kebutuhan dan desain. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .95pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Requirement Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">melibatkan pembuatan kasus uji untuk setiap <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">spesifikasikebutuhan yang terkait dengan program <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt 14.0cm; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk memfasilitasinya, setiap spesifikasi kebutuhan bisa </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ditelusuri dengan kasus uji dengan menggunakan <i>traceability</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">matrix</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Endurance Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Endurance Testing melibatkan kasus uji yang diulang-ulang dengan jumlah tertentu dengantujuan untuk mengevaluasi program apakah sesuai dengan spesifikasi kebutuhan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Contoh: Untuk menguji keakuratan operasimatematika (<i>floating point, rounding off,</i> dll), untuk menguji manajemen sumberdaya sistem (<i>resources</i>)(pembebasan sumber daya yang tidak benar, dll),</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">input/outputs (jika menggunakan</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">framework</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> untuk memvalidasi bagian input dan output). Spesifikasi kebutuhanpengujian didefinisikan pada tahap spesifikasi kebutuhan atau desain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo38; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Black Box <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam uji coba <i>Black Box</i> terdapat beberapa kelebihan dan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">kelemahan. Berikut adalah keunggulan dan kelemahannya: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 224.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -104.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.1. Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Black Box<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 33.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 518px;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 42.35pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelemahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 3.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 3.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 162.95pt 263.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a) <i>Black Box</i> <i>Testing</i> dapat menguji <br /> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">keseluruhan fungsionalitas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">perangkat lunak.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 162.95pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b) <i>Black Box</i> <i>Testing</i> dapat memilih <br /> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">subset test yang secara efektif dan <br /> efisien dapat menemukan cacat. <br /> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Dengan cara ini <i>Black Box</i> Testing <br /> dapat membantu memaksimalkan <br /> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Testing investment</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0pt; margin-right: 1.7pt; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.55pt; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a) Ketika <i>user</i> melakukan <i>Black <br /> Box Testing</i>, <i>user</i> tidak akan <br /> pernah yakin apakah perangkat <br /> lunak yang diuji telah benar-<br /> <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">benar lolos pengujian. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br /></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level3 lfo42; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.1.4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar Prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level7 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Simarmata (2010:64),” Prototipeadalah perubahan cepat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">di dalam perancangan dan pembangunan prototype.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pendapat yang dikemukakan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">prototype adalah proses pembuatan model produkdalam perancangan. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level8 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe Jenis I <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe jenis I sesungguhnya akan menjadi sistem operasional. Pendekatan ini hanya mungkin jika peralatan <i>prototyping</i> memungkinkan prototipe memuat semua elemen penting dari sistem baru. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Langkah-langkah pengembangan prototipe jenisI adalah sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan pemakai. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengembangkan prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukan apakah prototipe dapat diterima <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menggunakan prototype<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level2 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe Jenis II <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe jenis II merupakan suatu modelyang dapat dibuang yang berfungsi sebagai alat cetak biru bagi sistem operasional. Pendekatan ini dilakukan jikaprototipe tersebut hanya dimaksudkan untuk tampilan seperti sistem operasional dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk memuat semua elemen penting. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Tiga langkah pertama dalam pengembanganprototipe jenis II sama seperti untuk prototipe jenis I. Langkah-langkahselanjutnya adalah sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengkodekan sistem operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menguji sistem operasional <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukan jika sistem operasional dapat diterima <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menggunakan sistem operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 126.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1059" style="height: 238.6pt; margin-left: 50.05pt; margin-top: -16.75pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 369.4pt; z-index: 4;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.emz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Sulindawati dan Muhammad Fathoni di dalam Jurnal </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">SAINTIKOM (2010:8)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.7. Metode Prototipe<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 3.0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSasankar dan Vinay Chavan di dalam jurnal <i>InternationalJournal of Computer Science & Technology</i> (2011:139) Terdapat tiga pendekatan utamaprototyping, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">THROW-AWAY <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototypedibuat dan dites. Pengalaman yang diperoleh dari pembuatan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">prototype digunakan untuk membuat produk akhir (final), kemudian <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">prototype tersebut dibuang (tak dipakai). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">INCREMENTAL <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Produk finalnya dibuatsebagai komponen-komponen yang terpisah. <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Desainproduk finalnya secara keseluruhan haya ada satu tetapi dibagi </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">dalam komonen-komponen lebih kecil yang terpisah(independent). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">EVOLUTIONARY <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Padametode ini, prototipenya tidak dibuang tetapi digunakan untuk literasi desain berikutnya. Dalam hal ini,sistem atau produk yang </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">sebenarnya dipandang sebagai evolusi dari versi awal yang sangat </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">terbatas menuju produk final atau produkakhir. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan prototyping adalah sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 206.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -78.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel 2.2. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Prototipe<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 510px;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 24.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.6pt;" valign="top" width="283"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelemahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 157.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 157.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt 209.5pt 265.15pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a. Adanya komunikasi yang baik </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">antara pengembang dan user. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt 209.5pt 265.15pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b. Pengembang dapat bekerja lebih <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">baik dalam menentukan kebutuhan user.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -15.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c. User berperan aktif dalam <br /> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -15.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d. Lebih menghemat waktu dalam </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -15.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e. Penerapan menjadi lebih mudah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">karena pemakai mengetahui apa </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">yang diharapkannya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br /></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 157.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.6pt;" valign="top" width="283"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.9pt 61.35pt 106.7pt 146.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.85pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a. User kadang tidak melihat atau </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">menyadari bahwa perangkat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">lunak </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">ada belum mencantumkan kualitas perangkat lunak secara </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">keseluruhan dan juga belum </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">memikirkan kemampuan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">pemeliharaan untuk jangka waktu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">lama.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.9pt 65.2pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.85pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">b. Pengembang biasanya ingin cepat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">menyelesaikan proyek. Sehingga menggunakan algoritma dan <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">bahasa </span>pemrograman yang <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">sederhana untuk membuat</span> prototyping lebih cepat selesai tanpa memikirkan lebih lanjut <br /> bahwa program tersebut hanya <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">merupakan cetak biru sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.9pt 65.2pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.85pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c. Hubungan user dengan computer yang disediakan mungkin tidak mencerminkan teknik perancangan yang baik.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Teori Khusus</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Teori – teori khusus yang digunakanpenulis dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasarmikrokontroller</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">MikrokontrollerATMega 32U4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasarkomponen pasif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar komponenaktif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar komunikasi I2C (<i>Inter Intergrated Circuit</i>)</span></span><span class="fullpost"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasarKomunikasi Modul bluetooth</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Operating systemAndroid</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level3 lfo56; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep Dasar </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DefinisiMikrokontroler<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Malik (2009:1), bahwa“Mikrokontroler adalah sebagai sebuahsistem komputer yang dibangun pada sebuah keping (<i>chip</i>) tunggal”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroler merupakan sebuah <i>processor</i> yang digunakan untukkepentingan kontrol. Meskipun mempunyai bentuk yang jauh lebih kecil dari suatukomputer pribadi dan computer <i>mainframe</i>,mikrokontroler dibangun dari elemen – elemen dasar yang sama. Seperti umumnyakomputer, mikrokontroler adalah alat yang mengerjakan instruksi – instruksiyang diberikan kepadanya. Artinya, bagian terpenting dan utama dari suatusistem terkomputerisasi adalah program itu sendiri yang dibuat oleh seorangprogrammer. Program ini menginstruksikan komputer untuk melakukan tugas yanglebih kompleks yang diinginkan oleh programmer. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KarakteristikMikrokontroller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Malik (2009:2),karakteristik mikrokontroler mempunyai beberapa komponen-komponen yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">CPU (<i>CentralProcesing Unit</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RAM (<i>ReadOnly Memory</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">I/O (<i>Input/Output</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun ketiga komponen tersebutsecara bersama-sama membentuk sistem komputer dasar. Beberapa mikrokontrolermemiliki tambahan komponen lain, misalnya ADC (<i>Analog Digital Converter</i>), <i>Timer/Counter</i>,dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KlasifikasiMikrokontroller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Malik (2009:3), bahwaBeberapa fitur yang dapat diklasifikasi pada umumnya ada di dalammikrokontroler adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RAM(Random Access Memory) <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RAM digunakan oleh mikrokontroler untuk tempatpenyimpanan <i>variabel</i>. Memori inibersifat <i>volatile</i> yang berarti akankehilangan semua datanya jika tidak mendapatkan catu daya. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ROM(Read Only Memory) <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ROM seringkali disebut sebagai kode memori karenaberfungsi untuk tempat penyimpanan program yang akan diberikan oleh <i>user</i>. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Register<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan tempat penyimpanan nilai–nilai yang akan digunakan dalam prosesyang telah disediakan oleh mikrokontroler. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SpecialFunction Register <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan register khusus yang berfungsi untukmengatur jalannya mikrokontroler. Register ini terletak pada RAM. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Inputdan Output Pin <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pin <i>input</i>adalah bagian yang berfungsi sebagai penerima signal dari luar, pin ini dapatdihubungkan ke berbagai media <i>input</i>seperti <i>keypad</i>, sensor, dansebagainya. Pin output adalah bagian yang berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan signaldari hasil proses algoritma mikrokontroler. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Interrupt<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Interrupt</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">bagian dari mikrokontroler yang berfungsi sebagai bagian yang dapat melakukaninterupsi, sehingga ketika program utama sedang berjalan, program utamatersebut dapat diinterupsi dan menjalankan program interupsi terlebihdahulu. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level3 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MikrokontrollerATMega32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Datasheet</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">, ”ATMega32</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U4</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> merupakan mikrokontroler keluarga AVR 8 bit. Beberapatipe mikrokontroler yang sama dengan ATMega</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">32U4</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> ini antara lain ATMega8535, ATMega16,</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ATMega328,yang membedakan antara mikrokontroler antara lain adalah, ukuran memori,banyaknya GPIO (pin <i>input</i>/output), <i>peripherial</i> (USART, <i>timer,counter,</i> dll).”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dari segi ukuran fisik, ATMega32</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">hanya </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">memilikiukuran fisik </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tipe <i>QFN/TQFP (Quad Flat No Lead Package/Thin Quad Flat Package)</i> berbedadengan mikrokontroller lainnya yang memiliki ukuran fisik jenis <i>PDIP (Plastic Dual In Line Package)</i>,</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroller ini memilikibeberapa fitur antara lain : </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">135 macam instruksi yang hampir semuanyadieksekusi dalam satu siklus <i>clock</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 x 8-bit register serba guna. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kecepatan mencapai 16 MIPS dengan <i>clock</i> 16 MHz. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 KB <i>flash</i> memory dan pada arduinomemiliki <i>bootloader</i> yang menggunakan2 KB dari <i>flash</i> memori sebagai <i>bootloader</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memiliki EEPROM (<i>Electrically ErasableProgrammable Read Only Memory</i>) sebesar 1KB sebagai tempat penyimpanan datasemi <i>permanent</i> karena EEPROM tetapdapat menyimpan data meskipun catu daya dimatikan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memiliki SRAM (<i>Static Random Access Memory</i>)sebesar 2.5 KB. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memiliki pin I/O digital sebanyak 32 pin6 diantaranya PWM (<i>Pulse Width Modulation</i>)<i>output</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Master/ Slave</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> SPI Serial<i>interface</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MikrokontrolerATMega32</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> memiliki arsitekturHarvard, yaitu memisahkan memori untuk kode program dan memori untuk datasehingga dapat memaksimalkan kerja dan <i>paralelisme</i>.Instruksi – instruksi dalam memori program dieksekusi dalam satu alur tunggal,dimana pada saat satu instruksi dikerjakan instruksi berikutnya sudah diambildari memori program. Konsep inilah yang memungkinkan instruksi – instruksidapat dieksekusi dalam setiap satu siklus <i>clock</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 x 8-bit register serba guna digunakan untuk mendukung operasi padaALU (<i>Arithmatic Logic unit</i>) yangdapat dilakukan dalam satu siklus. 6 dari register serbaguna ini dapatdigunakan sebagai 3 buah register <i>pointer</i>16-bit pada mode pengalamatan tak langsung untuk mengambil data pada ruangmemori data. Ketiga register <i>pointer</i>16-bit ini disebut dengan register X ( gabungan R26 dan R27 ), register Y (gabungan R28 dan R29 ), dan register Z ( gabungan R30 dan R31 ). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hampir semua instruksi AVR memilikiformat 16-bit. Setiap alamat memori program terdiri dari instruksi 16-bit atau32-bit. Selain register serba guna di atas, terdapat register lain yangterpetakan dengan teknik memorymapped I/O selebar 64 byte. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Beberapa register inidigunakan untuk fungsi khusus antaralain sebagai register <i>Control Timer</i>/ <i>Counter,</i> <i>Interupsi</i>, ADC, USART, SPI, EEPROM, dan fungsi I/O lainnya. Berikut ini adalah tampilan arsitektur ATmega32U4 :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1058" style="height: 273.75pt; left: 0; margin-left: 90.6pt; margin-top: -11.25pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 264.85pt; z-index: 21;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.8. </span></b><b><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DA;">Arsitektur</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ATMega32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><v:shape alt="gambar atmega32u4.png" id="_x0000_s1057" style="height: 220.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 117.6pt; margin-top: 24.95pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 238.2pt; z-index: 20;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="gambar atmega32u4" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(Sumber: Data sheetMicrocontroler ATMega32U4 : 8)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -1.1pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.9. Konfigurasi PIN ATMega32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -1.1pt;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">(Sumber </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">:Data sheet Microcontroler ATMega32U4 : 8 </span></b><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Datasheet,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ATMega32U4memiliki 5 buah PORT utama yaitu PORT B, PORT C, PORT D, PORT E, dan PORT Fdengan total pin <i>input/output</i>sebanyak 26 pin. PORT tersebut dapat difungsikan sebagai <i>input/output</i> digital atau difungsikan sebagai periperial lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.3. PORT B pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" valign="top" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" valign="top" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC0A/OC1C/PCINT7/RTS (Output Compare and PWM Output A for<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter0, Output Compare and PWM Output C for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 7 or UART flow control RTS signal)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 265.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC1B/PCINT6/OC.4B/ADC13 (Output Compare and PWM Output B for Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 6 or Timer 4 Output Compare B / PWM</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 13)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC1A/PCINT5/OC.4B/ADC12 (Output Compare and PWM Output A for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 5 or Timer 4 Complementary Output</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Compare B / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 12<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 59.1pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PCINT4/ADC11 (Pin Change Interrupt 4 or Analog to Digital Converter channel 11<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PDO/MISO/PCINT3 (Programming Data Output or SPI Bus Master Input/Slave Output or Pin Change Interrupt 3)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PDI/MOSI/PCINT2 (Programming Data Input or SPI Bus Master Output/Slave Input</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">or Pin Change Interrupt 2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" valign="bottom" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">SCK/PCINT1 (SPI Bus Serial Clock or Pin Change Interrupt 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">SS/PCINT0 (SPI Slave Select input or Pin Change Interrupt 0)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.4. PORT C pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" valign="top" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" valign="top" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ICP3/CLKO/OC4A(Input Capture Timer 3 or CLK0 (Divided <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">System Clock) or Output Compare and direct PWM output A <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">for Timer 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" valign="top" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC.3A/OC4A (Output Compare and PWM output A for <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter3 or Output Compare and complementary <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PWM output A for Timer 4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.5. PORT D pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">T0/OC.4D/ADC10 (Timer/Counter0 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output Compare D / </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 10<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">T1/OC.4D/ADC9 (Timer/Counter1 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Complementary Compare D / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 9)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">XCK1/CTS (USART1 External Clock Input/Output or UART flow control CTS signal<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">I</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">CP1/ADC8 (Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Trigger or Analog to Digital</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Converter channel 8)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT3/TXD1 (External Interrupt3 Input or USART1 Transmit Pin)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT2/RXD1 (External Interrupt2 Input or USART1 Receive Pin)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT1/SDA (External Interrupt1 Input or TWI Serial DAta)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT0/SCL/OC0B (External Interrupt0 Input or TWI Serial CLock or Output Compare for Timer/Counter0)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.6. PORT E pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT6/AIN0 (External Interrupt 6 Input or Analog Comparator Positive Input)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HWB (Hardware bootloader activation)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.7. PORT F pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC7/TDI (ADC input channel 7 or JTAG Test Data Input)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC6/TDO (ADC input channel 6 or JTAG Test Data Output)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC5/TMS (ADC input channel 5 or JTAG Test Mode Select)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC4/TCK (ADC input channel 4 or JTAG Test ClocK)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC1 (ADC input channel 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC0 (ADC input channel 0)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Komponen Pasif <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:10) bahwa “Komponen pasif adalah komponen-komponen elektronika yangapabila dialiri aliran listrik tidak menghasilkan tenaga seperti: perubahantegangan, pembalikan fasa, penguatan dan lain-lain”. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:10), Ada beberapa komponen yang termasuk dalam komponen pasif diantaranya adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistor atau Tahanan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.3.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar Resistor <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:10), bahwa “Resistor adalah tahanan atau hambatan arus listrik”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutBudiharto (2009:1), “Salah satu komponen elektronika yang berfungsi untukmemberikan hambatan terhadap aliran arus listrik”</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pengertiandi atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Resistor adalah Komponenelektronika yang berfungsi memberikan tahanan atau hambatan arus listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistordigunakan sebagai bagian dari jejaring elektronik dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuit_elektronik" title="Sirkuit elektronik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sirkuit elektronik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, dan merupakan salahsatu komponen yang paling sering digunakan. Resistor dapat dibuat daribermacam-macam kompon dan film, bahkan kawat resistansi (kawat yang dibuat daripaduan resistivitas tinggi seperti</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">nikel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kromium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Resistor 1" id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_s1056" style="height: 60.75pt; left: 0; margin-left: 189.6pt; margin-top: 6.2pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 58.5pt; z-index: 7;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="Resistor 1" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:12)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.10. Resistor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Karakteristikutama dari resisitor adalah resisitansinya dan daya listrik yang dapatdihantarkan. Karakteristik lain termasuk koefisien suhu, listrik daninduktansi. Resistor dapat diintegrasikan kedalam sirkuit hibrida dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papan_sirkuit_cetak" title="Papan sirkuit cetak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">papan sirkuit cetak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, bahkan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuit_terpadu" title="Sirkuit terpadu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sirkuit terpadu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.Ukuran dan letak kaki bergantung pada desain sirkuit, kebutuhan daya resistorharus cukup dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan arus rangkaian agar tidakterbakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Skema Warna Cincin Resistor" id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_s1055" style="height: 229.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-top: 16.2pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 311.7pt; z-index: 8;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="Skema Warna Cincin Resistor" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber : Rusmadi (2009:13)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.11. <i>Skema Warna Resistor</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">Satuan dari Resistor merupakan <span lang="EN-US">Ohm (simbol: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9" title="Ω">Ω</a> adalah satuan SI untuk resistansi listrik, diambil dari namaGeorg</span>e<span lang="EN-US"> Ohm.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Nilaisatuan terbesar yang digunakan untuk menentukan besarnya nilai resistor adalah:</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">1 MegaOhm (MΩ) = 1.000.000 Ohm.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">1 kiloOhm (KΩ) = 1.000 Ohm.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:11), dalam bidang elektronika, Resistor dapat di bagi menjadi 2yaitu:</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistor Tetap<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutRusmadi (2009:11), bahwa “Resistor Tetap adalah resistor yang nilainyabesaranyan sudah ditetepkan oleh pabrik pembuatannya dan tidak dapat diubah-ubah”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistormemiliki nilai resistansi, sebagai nilainya ada yang dicantumkan langsung padabadannya dan sebagian lagi karena bentukfisiknya kecil. Menurut Rusmadi(2009:15), Resistor dibagi menjadi 6 yaitu: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Kawat </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Resistorkawat ini adalah jenis resistor pertama yang lahir pada generasi pertama padawaktu rangkaian elektronika masih mengguanakan Tabung Hampa <i>(Vacuum Tube). </i>Bentuknya bervariasi danfisik agak besar. Resisistor ini biasanya banyak digunakan dalam rangkaian dayakarena memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi yaitu disipasi terhadap panas yangtinggi.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Batang Karbon (Arang)</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Padaawalnya resistor ini dibuat dari bahan karbon kasar yang diberi lilitan kawatyang kemudian diberi tanda dengan kode warna berbentuk gelang dan untuk pembacaanyadapat dilihat pada tabe</span>l<span lang="EN-US"> kode warna.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Keramik atau Porselin </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Denganadanya perkembangan teknologi elektronika, saat ini telah dikembangkan jenisresistor yang dibuat dari bahan keramik atau porselin. Jenis resistor inibanyak dipergunakan dalam rangkaian-rangkaian modern seperti sekarang inikarena bentuk fisiknya kecil dan memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi. Di pasarankita akan menjumpai resisitor jenis ini dengan ukuran bervariasi mulai dari 1/4Watt, 1/3 Watt, ½ Watt, 1 Watt dan 2 Watt.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Film Karbon</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Sejalandengan perkembangan teknologi para produsen komponen elektronika telahmemunculkan jenis resistor yang dibuat dari bahan karbon dan dilapisi denganbahan film yang berfungsi sebagai pelindung terhadap pengaruh luar. Nilairesistansinya dicantumkan dalam bentuk kode warna seperti pada Resistor Karbon.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Film Metal</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">ResistorFilm Metal dibuat dengan bentuk hamir menyerupai resistor film karbon danmemiliki keadalan dan stabilitas yang tinggi dan tahan terhadap perubahantemperatur.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Tipe Film Tebal</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Resistorjenis ini bentuknya merip dengan resistor film metal, namun resistor inidirancang khusus agar memiliki kehandalan yang tinggi. Sebagai contoh sebuahresistor film tebal dengan <i>rating </i>daya2 Watt saja sudah mampu untuk dipakai menahan beban tegangan di atas satuanKilo Volt.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Tidak Tetap<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:16), bahwa “Resistor Tidak Tetap adalah Resistor yang nilairesistansinya (tahananya) dapat dirubah-rubah sesuai dengan keperluan danperubahannya dapat dilakukan dengan jalan mengeser atau memutar pengaturnya”.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:16), bahwa Resistor Tidak Tetap dibagi menjadi 8 yaitu:</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Potensiometer</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Potensiometer adalahkomponen pembagi tegangan yang dapat disetel sesuai dengan keinginan. Bentukfisik dari Potensiometer pada umumnya besar dan dibuat dari bahan kawat atauarang (karbon).</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Potensi</span>o<span lang="EN-US">meter Preset </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Potensi</span>o<span lang="EN-US">meter Preset bentuknyasangat kecil danpengaturannya sama dengan Trimpot yaitu dengan menggunakanobeng yang diputar pada bagian lubang coakan.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">NTC dan PTC </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">NTC adalah singakatan dari <i>Negative Temperature Coefficient </i>sedangkanPTC adalah singkatan dari <i>Positive</i> <i>Temperature Coefficient. </i>Sifat darikomponen NTC adalah Resisitor yang nilai tahannya akan menurun apabilatemperature sekelilingnya naik dan sebaliknya komponen PTC adalah Resistor yangnilai tahannya akan bertambah besar apabila temperaturnya turun.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">LDR <i>( Light Dependent Resisitor)</i></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">LDR adalah singkatan dari <i>Light Dependent Resisitor </i>yaituresisitor yang tergantung cahaya, artinya nilai tahannya akan berubah-ubahapabila terkena cahaya dan perubahannya tergantungdari intensitas cahaya yangditerimanya.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">VDR <i>(Volttage Dependent Resistor)</i></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">VDR adalah singkatan dari <i>Volttage Dependent Resistor </i>yaituresistoryang nilai tahannya akan berubah tergantung tegangan yang diterimanya.Sifat dari VDR adalah semakin besar tegangan yang diterimanya maka tahanannyaakan semakin mengecil sehingga arus yang melalui VDR akan bertambah besar.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><h1 style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2.3.2<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p></span></h1><h1 style="margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l12 level7 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutBudiharto (2009:2), “</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kapasitoradalah komponen elektrik yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan muatan listrik”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi (2009:20), bahwa“Kapasitor adalah Komponen elektronika yang mampu menyimpan arus dan teganganlistrik sementara waktu”. Seperti juga halnya resistor, kapasitor adalahtermasuk salah satu komponen pasif yang banyak digunakan dalam membuatrangkaian elektronika.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkanbahwa kapasitor adalah komponenelektronika yang dapat menyimpan muatan arus atau tegangan listrik sementara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam bidang elektronika komponenkapasitor adakalanya disebut kondensator. Kapasitor sendiri berasal dari kata <i>capacitance </i>atau kapasitas yang artinyaadalah kemampuan untuk menyimpan arus listrik (Dalam istilah elektronikadiistilahkan sebagai “Muatan Listrik.”) Jadi kapasitor adalah suatu komonenyang dapat diisi dengan muatan listrik kemudian disimpan untuk sementara waktudan selanjutnya muatan tersebut di kosongakan /dibuang melalui suatu sistematau dihubungkan ke bumi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Polarized kondensator symbol 3.jpg" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Polarized_kondensator_symbol_3.jpg&filetimestamp=20060309192241" id="_x0000_s1054" o:button="t" style="height: 76.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 186.6pt; margin-top: 82.55pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 77.25pt; z-index: 16;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title="Polarized kondensator symbol 3" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image011.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kondensatordiidentikkan mempunyai dua kaki dan dua kutub yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Positif&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Positif (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">positif</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negatif&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Negatif (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">negatif</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> sertamemiliki cairan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">elektrolit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> dan biasanya berbentuk tabung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi(2009:20)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.12 Lambang Kondensator</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sedangkanjenis yang satunya lagi kebanyakan nilai kapasitasnya lebih rendah, tidakmempunyai kutub positif atau negatif pada kakinya, kebanyakan berbentuk bulatpipih berwarna coklat, merah, hijau dan lainnya seperti tablet atau kancingbaju.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><v:shape alt="Capacitor symbol.jpg" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Capacitor_symbol.jpg&filetimestamp=20060309192159" id="Picture_x0020_8" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_s1053" style="height: 59.45pt; left: 0; margin-left: 218.25pt; margin-top: 4.6pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 60.45pt; z-index: 17;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title="Capacitor symbol" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi(2009:20)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.13 Lambang Kapasitor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Namunkebiasaan dan kondisi serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artikulasi" title="Artikulasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">artikulasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bahasa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> setiapnegara tergantung pada masyarakat yang lebih sering menyebutkannya. Kinikebiasaan orang tersebut hanya menyebutkan salah satu nama yang paling dominandigunakan atau lebih sering didengar. Pada masa kini, kondensator seringdisebut kapasitor (<i>capacitor</i>) ataupun sebaliknya yang pada ilmuelektronika disingkat dengan huruf (<b>C</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Satuandari kapasitansi kondensator adalah<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Farad (halaman belum tersedia)">Farad</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(<i>F</i>). Namun Farad adalah satuanyang terlalu besar, sehingga digunakan:</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pikofarad (<v:shape alt="pF" id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" style="height: 13.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 19.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="pF" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image013.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape>) =<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><v:shape alt="1\times10^{-12}\,F" id="Picture_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 14.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 72.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title=",F" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nanofarad (<v:shape alt="nF" id="Picture_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 10.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 20.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="nF" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image015.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape>) =<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><v:shape alt="1\times10^{-9}\,F" id="Picture_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 14.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 67.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title=",F" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Microfarad (<v:shape alt="\mu\,F" id="Picture_x0020_13" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 13.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 22.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title=",F" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image017.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape>) =<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><v:shape alt="1\times10^{-6}\,F" id="Picture_x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 14.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 67.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title=",F" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Satuan Farad adalah satuan yang sangatbesar dan jarang dipergunakan dalam percobaan. Dalam prakteknya biasanyadipergunakan satuan Farad dalam bentuk pecahan seperti berikut ini:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 Farad (F) = 1.000.000 µF(mikroFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 mikroFarad (µF) = 1.000 nF (nanoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 nanoFarad (nF) = 1.000 pF (pikoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: -7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel 2.8 NilaiKapasitansi <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: -7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:21)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 37.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 394px;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td colspan="3" nowrap="" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.25pt;" width="394"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nilai Kapasitansi Padanan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">pF (pikoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">nF (nanoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">µF (mikroFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,001<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,000 001<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,01<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,000 01<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,000 1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,001<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10.000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,01<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100.000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.000.000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1000,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10000,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100 000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 000 000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1000,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada jenis kapasitor lain sepertikapasitor elektrolit yang selain memiliki nilai kapasitas juga memilikiparameter-parametera lain seperti batas tegangan kerja. Batas tegangan kerja <i>(Working Voltage) </i>yaitu batas teganganmaksimum di mana kapasitas tersebut dapat dioperasikan dalam suatu rangaian.Parameter tersebut biasanya dicantumkan langsung pada badan kapasitor. Selaindaripada itu untuk jenis-jenis kapasitor pada umumnya diberi tanda (+) dan (-).Tanda tersebut adalah menyatakan polaritas yang harus dihubungkan dengan catudaya. Dalam pemasanganannya harus diperhatikan baik-baik jangan sampai keduatanda tersebut dipasang terbalik sebab apabiala sampai terbalik akanmengakibatkan kerusakan pada kapasitor tersebut dan bahkan akan merusakrangkaian yang akan dibuat. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l35 level3 lfo55; tab-stops: 49.65pt 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Komponen Aktif<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:33), bahwa “Komponen aktif adalah Komponen yang apabila dialiri aliranlistrik akan menghasilkan sesuatu tenaga baik berbentuk penguatan maupunmengatur aliran listrik yang melaluinya”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi (2009:33), ada beberapa yangtermasuk komponen aktif antara lain adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l47 level2 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l47 level2 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l47 level2 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">IC <i>(IntragatedCircuit)</i><b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.4.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutBudiharto (2009:02), “Piranti semikonduktor yang mengalirkan arus ke satuarah”. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kalau ia dialiri arus AC maka akan berhasil didapatkanarus DC dari arus AC ini. Karenanya pada sifat yang demikian maka dioda bisadigunakan sebagai perata arus yang biasa dipasang di adaptor.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi<span style="color: #c0504d;"> </span>(2009:32), bahwa “Dioda adalah termasuk komponensemikonduktor yang terdiri dari 2 buah elektroda yaitu anoda (bahan P) dankatoda (bahan N)”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Dari pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkanbahwa Dioda adalah piranti semikonduktor yang terdiri dari 2 buah elektrodayaitu anoda (bahan P) dan katoda (bahan N).Komponen elektronika dengan duaterminal, yang terbentuk dari dua jenis semikonduktor, yaitu type P yang biasadisebut dengan anoda dan type N yang biasa disebut dengan katoda, dimanakemudian kedua semikonduktor ini digabungkan. Untuk membuat diode dalam keadaanconduct, diperlukan tegangan biasnya sebesar 0,3 volt untuk dioda dengan bahangermanium atau 0,7 volt untuk dioda dengan bahan silikon.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="dioda" id="Picture_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 112.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 189pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="dioda" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image019.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:33)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.14 Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perlu diketahuibahwa komponen dioda ini pada umumnya hamper selalu dipergunakan dalamrangkaian, terutama pada rangkaian Power Supply. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:34) Fungsi diode dalam suatu rangkaian adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyearah teganganlistrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengaman tegangan listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memblokir tegangan listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.4.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Budiharto (2009:3), bahwa “Transistor adalahmemiliki 3 terminal biasanya dibuat dari bahan silicon atau germanium”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi (2009:42), bahwa “Transistor adalahmerupakan komponen dasar yang paling penting dan banyak dipergunakan dalamsetiap rangkaian”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwaTransistor adalah merupakan komponen dasar yang paling dan banyak digunakanpada setiap rangkaian.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alat_semikonduktor" title="Alat semikonduktor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Alat semikonduktor</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> yang dipakaisebagai penguat, sebagai sirkuit pemutus dan penyambung (switching),stabilisasi tegangan, modulasi sinyal atau sebagai fungsi lainnya. Transistordapat berfungsi semacam kran listrik, dimana berdasarkan arus inputnya (BJT)atau tegangan inputnya (FET), memungkinkan pengaliran listrik yang sangatakurat dari sirkuit sumber listriknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="gh" id="Picture_x0020_18" o:spid="_x0000_s1052" style="height: 132pt; left: 0; margin-left: 168.6pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 132.75pt; z-index: 13;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="gh" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:40)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.15 Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Padaumumnya, transistor memiliki 3 terminal, yaitu Basis (B), Emitor (E) danKolektor (C). Tegangan yang di satu terminalnya misalnya Emitor dapat dipakaiuntuk mengatur arus dan tegangan yang lebih besar daripada arus input Basis,yaitu pada keluaran tegangan dan arus <i>output</i>Kolektor.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistormemiliki 2 dioda yang kutub positif atau kutub negatifnya terhimpit, sertamemiliki terminal, yaitu emitter (E), kolektor (C), dan basis (B). BJT dapatdibagi menjadi dua jenis berikut ini:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 7.05pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">NPN(Negative Positive Negative)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistor NPN terdiri dari 1 lapisansemikondutor tipe-p di antara 2 lapisan semikonduktor tipe-n. Arus kecil yangmemasuki basis pada emitter dikuatkan di keluran kolektor. Dengan kata lain,transistor NPN hidup ketika tegangan basis lebih tinggi dari pada tenganemitter.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Transistor NPN" id="_x0000_s1051" style="height: 86.25pt; left: 0; margin-left: 171.6pt; margin-top: 15.45pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 130.5pt; z-index: 5;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="Transistor NPN" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image021.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 49.65pt;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:41)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.16 <i>SimbolTransistor NPN<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 7.05pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PNP(Positive Negative Positive)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Transistor PNP" id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1050" style="height: 78pt; left: 0; margin-left: 192.6pt; margin-top: 133.1pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 68.6pt; z-index: 6;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="Transistor PNP" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image022.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TransistorPNP terdiri dari 2 lapisan semikonduktor tipe-n di antara 2 alpisansemikonduktor tipe-p. arus kecil yang meninggalkan basis pada moda tunggalemitter dikuatkan dikeluran kolektor. Dengan kata lain, transistor PNP hidupketika tegangan basis lebih rendah dari pada tegangan emitter. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi(2009:41)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.17 <i>Simbol Transistor PNP</i></span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistor merupakankomponen yang sangat penting dalam dunia elektronik modern. Dalam rangkaiananalog, transistor digunakan dalam amplifier (penguat). Rangkaian analogmelingkupi pengeras suara, sumber listrik stabil (stabilisator) dan penguatsinyal radio. Dalam rangkaian-rangkaian </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital" title="Digital"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">digital</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,transistor digunakan sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saklar" title="Saklar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">saklar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> berkecepatantinggi. Beberapa transistor juga dapat dirangkai sedemikian rupa sehinggaberfungsi sebagai logic gate,memori dan fungsi rangkaian-rangkaian lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US">2.2.4.3<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Konsep Dasar IC <i>(Integrated Circuit)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:46), bahwa “IC adalah Sebuah rangkaian terpadu”.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Komponen <i>Integrated Circuit</i> dirancang daribeberapa komponen elektronika seperti transistor, dioda, resistor, kapasitor,dan komponen lainya, sehingga menjadi satu kesatuan yang berbentuk <i>chip</i>.</span></div><div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><v:shape alt="ic" id="Picture_x0020_19" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 125.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 225.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata grayscale="t" o:title="ic" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image023.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:46)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Gambar 2.18 IC <i>(IntegratedCircuit)</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:48), ada beberapa keuntungan dari pengguna IC diantaranya ialah:</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Bentuk fisiknya kecil sehinggarangakian jadinya akan kelihatan kecil dan kompak <i>(compo).</i></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Catu daya yang diperlukankecil.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Sistem operasional sangatpraktis dan cepat</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Baik pemasangan maupunpemakaiannya mudah dan praktis.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Harganya relatif murahdibanding dengan menggunakan transistor.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost"><span lang="EN-US">Jenis-jenis IC sangat banyak dan beraneka ragam sesuai dengankebutuhan penggunaannya. Misalnya saja IC analog, digital, penguat audio,penguat RF (Radio Frequency), IC regulator, CMOS. Semuanya memiliki kegunaandan karakteristik sendiri-sendiri yang bisa kita lihat di data</span></span><span class="fullpost">sheet<span lang="EN-US">IC.</span></span><span class="fullpost"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><b>2.2.5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><b>Konsepdasar komunikasi I2C (<i>Inter IntergratedCircuit</i>)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="avr8535-30-728.jpg" id="_x0000_s1049" style="height: 136.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 74.1pt; margin-top: 300pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 281.25pt; z-index: 19;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="avr8535-30-728" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image024.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span class="fullpost">Antarmukaserial 2 kabel (TWI) sangat ideal untuk diterapkan pada aplikasi menggunakanmikrokontroller. Protokol ini mengizinkan desain sistem untuk saling berkoneksisampai 128 piranti yang berlainan menggunakan hanya 2 jalur dua arah, satuuntuk clock (SCL) dan satunya untuk data (SDA). Perangkat keras eksternal yangdibutuhkan untuk mengimplementasikan jaringan ini adalah resistor pull-uptunggal untuk setiap jalur bus TWI. Semua piranti dikoneksikan ke bus tersebutmempunyai alamat mandiri, dan mekanisme pengaturan bus yang kemungkinanbertabrakan dalam protokol TWI akibat memiliki jalur yang sama untuk semuapiranti. Gambar koneksi antarpiranti dalam protokol TWI di tunjukkan padagambar .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span class="fullpost"><b>Gambar 2.19 Diagram koneksi antarpiranti dalamprotokol TWI<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">Terlihat pada gambar desain protokol perangkat kerasnya sangat mendukungfleksibilitas sistem. Saat ini desain sistem elektronik dan komputer dituntutuntuk semakin ringkas dan fleksibel, di mana ukuran fisik IC semakin diperkecildan jumlah pin diminimalkan dengan tetap menjaga fleksibilitas dan kompabilitasIC sehingga mudah untuk digunakan dalam berbagai keperluan desain yang berbeda.Banyak perusahaan semikonduktor yang berusaha mengembangkan cara barukomunikasi antar-IC yang lebih mendukung terhadap keinginan tersebut sebagaialternatif dari hubungan antar-IC secara paralel (parallel bus) yang sudahdikenal luas. Salah satu metode yang telah matang dan dipakai secara luasadalah I2C, singkatan dari Inter Intergrated Circuit bus yang dikembangkan olehPhilips Semiconduktor sejak tahun 1992, dengan konsep dasar komunikasi 2 arahantar-IC dan/atau antar sistem secara serial menggunakan 2 kabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">Setiap IC yang terhubung dalam I2C memiliki alamatyang unik yang dapat diakses secara perangkat keras dengan protokolmaster/slave yag sederhana, dan mampu mengakomodasikan multi-master. I2Cmerupakan bus serial dengan orientasi data 8 bit, komunikasi 2 arah, dengankecepatan transfer data sampai 100Kbit/s pada mode standar dan 3,4 Mbit/s padamode kecepatan tinggi. Jumlah IC yang dapat dihubungkan pada I2C bus hanyadibatasi oleh kapasitas beban pada bus, yaitu maksimum 400pF. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.9pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">Keuntungan yang didapat dengan menggunakan I2Cantara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Meminimalkan jalur hubungan antar-IC<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Menghemat luasan PCB yang dibutuhkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Membuat sistem yang didesain berorientasi software(mudah diekspan dan di upgrade). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Membuat sistem yang didesain menjadi standarsehingga dapat dihubungkan dengan sistem lain yang juga menggunakan bus I2C.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><b>2.2.6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><b>Konsepdasar Komunikasi Modul Bluetooth<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="hc05 skematik.png" id="_x0000_s1048" style="height: 172.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 155.85pt; margin-top: 2.15pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 247.5pt; z-index: 22;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="hc05 skematik" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image025.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><v:shape alt="hc05.png" id="Picture_x0020_0" o:spid="_x0000_s1047" style="height: 152.25pt; left: 0; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-top: 10.4pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 109.5pt; z-index: 23;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="hc05" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image026.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span class="fullpost"><b> </b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost"> <b>(a) (b)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.20. (a)Tampilan Fisik Modul bluetooth HC-05, (b) letak Pin Module bluetooth HC-05<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Dalamperancangan Bluetooth ini, menggunakan modul <i>Bluetooth HC-05. </i>Yang memiliki spesifikasi sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bluetooth protocal: BluetoothSpecification v2.0+EDR<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Modulation: GFSK(Gaussian Frequency ShiftKeying)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Emission power: ≤4dBm, Class 2<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sensitivity: ≤-84dBm at 0.1% BER<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160kbps, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Synchronous: 1Mbps/1Mbps<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Security: Authentication and encryption<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Profiles: Bluetooth serial port<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Power supply: +3.3VDC 50mA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Working temperature: -20 ~ +75 Centigrade<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dimension: 26.9mm x 13mm x 2.2 mm<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Operating </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sy</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">stem</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level4 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.7.1.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sejarah Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Menurut Nazruddin Safaat H (2011:1), “a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">ndroid adalah </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistem operasi</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> yang berbasis </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Linux</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> untuk </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_seluler"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">telepon seluler</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> seperti </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_pintar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">telepon pintar</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> dan </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_tablet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">komputer tablet</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android menyediakan platform terbuka bagi parapengembang untuk menciptakan aplikasi mereka sendiri untuk digunakan olehbermacam peranti bergerak. Awalnya, Google Inc. membeli Android Inc., pendatangbaru yang membuat peranti lunak untuk ponsel. Kemudian untuk mengembangkan Android,dibentuklah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Handset_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Open Handset Alliance</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">,konsorsium dari 34 perusahaan peranti keras, peranti lunak, dan telekomunikasi,termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Google</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">HTC</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Intel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Motorola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcomm"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Qualcomm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobile"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">T-Mobile</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Nvidia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Di dunia ini terdapat dua jenis distributorsistem operasi Android. Pertama yang mendapat dukungan penuh dari Google atau <i>Google Mail Services </i>(GMS) dan keduaadalah yang benar–benar bebas distribusinya tanpa dukungan langsung Google ataudikenal sebagai <i>Open Handset Distribution</i>(OHD).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l29 level4 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.7.2.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">P</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">erkembangan Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Wahana(2012:2) didalam bukunya mengemukakan p</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">erkembanganAndroid dan keunggulannya </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">diantaranya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> sebagai berikut:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android versi 1.1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 9 Maret 2009, Googlemerilis Android versi 1.1. Android versi ini dilengkapi dengan pembaruanestetis pada aplikasi, jam alarm, <i>voice search</i> (pencarian suara),pengiriman pesan dengan Gmail, dan pemberitahuan email. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 1.5(Cupcake)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada pertengahan Mei 2009, Google kembali merilis teleponseluler dengan menggunakan Android dan SDK (<em>Software Development Kit</em>)dengan versi 1.5 (Cupcake). Terdapat beberapa pembaruan termasuk jugapenambahan beberapa fitur dalam seluler versi ini yakni kemampuan merekam danmenonton video dengan modus kamera, mengunggah video ke Youtube dan gambar kePicasa langsung dari telepon, dukungan <em>Bluetooth A2DP</em>,kemampuan terhubung secara otomatis ke <i>headset</i><i>Bluetooth</i>, animasi layar, dan <i>keyboard</i> pada layar yang dapatdisesuaikan dengan sistem.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 1.6 (Donut)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Donut (versi 1.6) dirilis pada September denganmenampilkan proses pencarian yang lebih baik dibanding sebelumnya, penggunaanbaterai indikator dan kontrol applet VPN. Fitur lainnya adalah galeri yangmemungkinkan pengguna untuk memilih foto yang akan dihapus, kamera, camcorderdan galeri yang dintegrasikan, CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x, VPN, gestures, kemampuandial kontak, teknologi <em>text to change speech</em>, pengadaanresolusi VWGA. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 2.1 (Eclair)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 3 Desember 2009 kembali diluncurkan ponsel Android dengan versi 2.0/2.1(Eclair), perubahan yang dilakukan adalah pengoptimalan hardware, peningkatanGoogle Maps 3.1.2, perubahan UI dengan browser baru dan dukungan HTML5, daftarkontak yang baru, dukungan f<i>lash</i> untuk kamera 3,2 MP, digital Zoom, danBluetooth 2.1.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 2.2 (Froyo: <i>Frozen Yogurt</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 20 Mei 2010, Android versi 2.2 rev 1 (Froyo)diluncurkan. Android inilah yang sekarang sangat banyak beredar di pasaran,salah satunya adalah dipakai samsung FX tab yang sudah ada di pasaran, fitur yangtersedia di android versi ini sudah kompleks di antaranya adalah ; <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kerangka aplikasi: itumemungkinkan penggunaan dan penghapusan komponen yang tersedia. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalvik mesin virtual:mesin virtual dioptimalkan untuk perangkat telepon seluler. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Grafik: grafik di 2Ddan grafis 3D berdasarkan pustaka OpenGL. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SQLite: untukpenyimpanan data. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mendukung media: audio,video, dan berbagai format gambar (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">GSM, Bluetooth, EDGE,3G, 4G dan WiFi (tergantung piranti keras) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kamera, <i>Global Positioning System</i> (GPS), kompas,NFC dan <i>accelerometer</i> (tergantungpiranti keras)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 2.3(Gingerbread)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 6Desember 2010, Android versi 2.3 (Gingerbread) diluncurkan. Perubahan-perubahanumum yang didapat dari Android versi ini antara lain peningkatan kemampuanpermainan (gaming), peningkatan fungsi copy paste, layar antar muka (<i>User Interface</i>) didesain ulang, dukunganformat video VP8 dan WebM, efek audio baru (reverb, equalization, headphonevirtualization, dan bass boost), dukungan kemampuan Near Field Communication(NFC), dan dukungan jumlah kamera yang lebih dari satu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 3.0(Honeycomb)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://away.web.id/tablet-android-honeycomb-terbaik-murah/#_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Android Honeycomb</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> dirancang khusus untuk tablet. Android versi ini mendukungukuran layar yang lebih besar. User Interface pada Honeycomb juga berbedakarena sudah didesain untuk tablet. Honeycomb juga mendukung multi prosesor dan juga akselerasi perangkat keras(hardware) untuk grafis. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 4.0 (IceCream Sandwich)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ice Cream Sandwich didesain untuk baik itu teleponataupun tablet. Android ICS menawarkan banyak peningkatan dari apa yg sudah adadi Gingerbread dan Honeycomb dengan pada saat yang sama memberikaninovasi-inovasi baru. Beberapa peningkatan itu antara lain kemampuan copy pasteyang lebih baik, <i>data logging</i> dan <i>warnings</i>, dan kemampuan utk mengambil <i>screenshot</i> dengan menekan power danvolume bersamaan. Selain itu keyboardnya dan kamus juga mendapat perbaikan. <em><span style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Inovasi-inovasi baru di ICS</span></em>antara lain penggunaan font “Roboto”. di Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SystemBar dan Action Bar. adanya Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich voice control yangmemungkinkan kita mendikte teks yang ingin kita ketik. Selain itu Face Unlockmerupakan salah satu hal yang menonjol di Android versi baru ini. Juga ada NFCbased app yang disebut Android Bump, yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk bertukarinformasi/data hanya dengan menyentuhkan gadget.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 4.1 (JellyBean)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Jelly Bean yaang diluncurkan pada acara GoogleI/O lalu membawa sejumlah keunggulan dan fitur baru. Penambahan barudiantaranya meningkatkan <i>input</i>keyboard, desain baru fitur pencarian, UI yang baru dan pencarian melalui VoiceSearch yang lebih cepat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Tidak ketinggalan Google Now juga menjadi bagian yang diperbarui.Google Now memberikan informasi yang tepat pada waktu yang tepat pula. Salahsatu kemampuannya adalah dapat mengetahui informasi cuaca, lalu-lintas, ataupunhasil pertandingan olahraga. Sistem operasi Android Jelly Bean 4.1 munculpertama kali dalam produk tablet Asus, yakni Google Nexus 7.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l29 level4 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.7.3.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android SDK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Menurut Nazruddin Safaat H (2011:15), “SDK (<i>Software Development Kit</i>) merupakan alat bantu dan API dalammengembangkan aplikasi pada platform android menggunakan bahasa pemrogramanJAVA”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">SDK Android sebenarnya adalah kumpulan tools yang disediakan oleh google untuk para pengembang yang ingin mencoba mengembangkanaplikasi android nya. Sdk sendiri merupakan kependekan dari system developmentkits, dalam sdk ini terdapat tools tool yang di butuhkan dalam pengembanganandroid, diantaranya adalah:</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape filled="t" id="_x0000_s1046" style="height: 206.25pt; left: 0; margin-left: 38.85pt; margin-top: -18.3pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 353.25pt; z-index: 9;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image027.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">21</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan <i>Tools</i> SDK</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Adb Shell <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Adb sendiri merupakan bagiandari android <i>development</i> <i>bridge</i> yang dapat menjalankan terminalandroid seperti anda menjalankan terminal pada sistem operasi linux, dan <i>command</i> yang terdapat adalam adb shellsendiri sama seperti <i>command</i> linuxpada umumnya, dan sistem yang berjalan pun juga hampir sama seperti linux padaumumnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Android Simulator<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Fungsi dari android simulator iniberguna untuk para programer yang ingin melakukan testing aplikasi yang di buatnya kedalam sistem operasi android secara virtual sebelum mengaplikasikanyakedalam handset android sebenarnya, bila kita menjalankan android virtual ini,yang kita lihat sama seperti kita menjalankan handset android yang sesungguhnya, dan versi versi android terdahulu juga bisa kita jalankan apabila kitamenginstal dan mendownload nya pada situs resmi google<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape filled="t" id="_x0000_s1045" style="height: 196.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-top: 9pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 319.05pt; z-index: 10;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image028.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">22</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan <i>android simulator</i></span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pemrograman </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Basic 4 Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1044" o:allowoverlap="f" style="height: 246pt; left: 0; margin-left: 175.5pt; margin-top: 444.75pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: page; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 310.5pt; z-index: 11;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image029.png"> <w:wrap anchorx="page" anchory="page"></w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">23</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan IDE Basic 4Android</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.25pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">c</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.45pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">nd</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">o</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.35pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">u</span>k m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">V</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">du</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">j</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">K</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">il</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">/</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">V</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">il</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">vbv</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">60</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">l</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span>i <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">N</span>O<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">N</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">N</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span>S<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">)</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">D</span>E<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">d</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">B</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">s</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.25pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">c</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.45pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">4</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">A</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">nd</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">r</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.7pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">o</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">d</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">G</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">U</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">du</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">on</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>ta<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">u</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">uh</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;">g</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">li</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">X</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">M</span>L<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span>, dapat di developdan debug dengan Emulator Android atau dengan real device (koneksi ke USB ataumelalui local network).<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1043" style="height: 229.3pt; left: 0; margin-left: 91.9pt; margin-top: 6.1pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 291.5pt; z-index: 12;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image030.png"> <w:wrap type="square"></w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">24</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan Designer Basic 4Android</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Literature Review</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Berikutini adalah penelitian yang telah dilakukan dan memiliki kolerasi yang searahdengan penelitian yang akan dibahas dalam Tugas Akhir ini diantara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Penelitian yang dilakukanoleh Reza Handaru Winasis (2014) yang berjudul “Pemanfaatan SensorAccelorometer pada Smartphone Android Sebagai Kendali Pagar Rumah MelaluiBluetooth”. Penelitian ini mambahas tentang mengendalikan pintu pagar rumah, yang dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkanSensor Accelerometer. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi Android Sensor Accelerometermengirimkan String tertentu kepada mikrokontroller ATmega 8 melalui komunikasiBluetooth HC-05 untuk membuka pintu pagar rumah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian Supriyadi dari STMIK RAHARJA Tangerang yang berjudul“Pemanfaatan Teknologi <i>Bluetooth</i>Untuk Indikator Posisi Suatu Benda” tahun 2013. Pada penelitian ini bertujuanmemanfaatkan media bluetooth untuk membantu mencari posisi suatu benda.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dhida Restu Giri Madya(2014) yang berjudul “</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">P</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">roto</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">t</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ype pengendali pintu dan jendela mobil menggunakansmartphone berbasis atmega 328p di kelurahan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">C</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ibogo</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">”. Dalam penelitian ini salah satunya membahas tentangkomunikasi serial antara arduino dengansmartphone android</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> lewat media Bluetooth.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan Reza Nursyah Putra (2014) yangberjudul “Prototipe Alat Pembersih Toren Otomatis menggunakan SMS Gateway padaPT. Cahaya Televisi Indonesia”. Dalam penelitian ini salah satunya membahastentang pengambilan data sebuah pesan singkat pada smartphone.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan Vani Banu Aji (2014) yangberjudul “Alat Penghitung Jumlah Botol menggunakan Sensor Inductive Proximitydengan Kapasitas 1000 Botol per Menit pada Mesin Filling PT. Cola-ColaUngaran”. Pada penelitian ini salah satunya membahas tentang Komunikasi I2C(Inter Intregated Circuit) pada Mikrokontroller.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan Andy Renauld (2014) yangberjudul “Sistem Notifikasi Antrian Berbasis Android”, pada penelitian inisalah satunya membahas sistem notifikasi pada sebuah smartphone android.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Keterkaitan pembahasan daripenelitian – penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya pada literature review diatas adalah adanya komunikasi serial melalui bluetooth, komunikasi I2C dansebuah sistem yang memiliki notifikasi sebuah sms atau pesan singkat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 62.25pt;"><br /></div> | |
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Revisi per 3 Maret 2015 15.05
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Disusun Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
NAMA |
JURUSAN SISTEM KOMPUTER
KONSENTRASI COMPUTER SYSTEM
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
TANGERANG
2014/2015
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
(STMIK) RAHARJA
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Disusun Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
Nama |
|
Jenjang Studi |
: Strata Satu
|
Jurusan |
: Sistem Komputer
|
Konsentrasi |
: Computer System
|
Disahkan Oleh :
Tangerang, ..... 2015
Ketua |
Kepala Jurusan
| ||||
STMIK RAHARJA |
Jurusan Sistem Komputer
| ||||
(Ir. Untung Rahardja, M.TI) |
(Ferry Sudarto, S.Kom, M.Pd)
| ||||
NIP : 000594 |
NIP : 079010
|
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
(STMIK) RAHARJA
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Dibuat Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
Nama |
Telah disetujui untuk dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Ujian Komprehensif
Jurusan Sistem Komputer
Konsentrasi Computer System
Disetujui Oleh :
Tangerang,.... 2015
Pembimbing I |
Pembimbing II
| ||
(Asep Saefullah, S.Pd, M.Kom) |
(Moch. Ibnu Safari, M.Kom)
| ||
NID : 06121 |
NID : 14009
|
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
(STMIK) RAHARJA
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN DEWAN PENGUJI
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Dibuat Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
Nama |
Disetujui setelah berhasil dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Ujian
Komprehensif
Jurusan Sistem Komputer
Konsentrasi Computer System
Tahun Akademik 2014/2015
Disetujui Penguji :
Tangerang, .... 2015
Ketua Penguji |
Penguji I |
Penguji II
| ||
(_______________) |
(_______________) |
(_______________)
| ||
NID : |
NID : |
NID :
|
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
(STMIK) RAHARJA
LEMBAR KEASLIAN SKRIPSI
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Disusun Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
Nama |
|
Jenjang Studi |
: Strata Satu
|
Jurusan |
: Sistem Komputer
|
Konsentrasi |
: Computer System
|
Menyatakan bahwa Skripsi ini merupakan karya tulis saya sendiri dan bukan merupakan tiruan, salinan, atau duplikat dari Skripsi yang telah dipergunakan untuk mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Komputer baik di lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi Raharja maupun di Perguruan Tinggi lain, serta belum pernah dipublikasikan.
Pernyataan ini dibuat dengan penuh kesadaran dan rasa tanggung jawab, serta bersedia menerima sanksi jika pernyataan diatas tidak benar.
Tangerang, ..... 2015
NIM : 1031465047
|
)*Tandatangan dibubuhi materai 6.000;
ABSTRAKSI
Sistem pemberitahuan atau notifikasi smartphone tidak banyak berubah walaupun smartphone memiliki fitur – fitur yang canggih dalam fungsinya. Sistem pemberitahuan seperti keluar nada atau suara dan getaran dari smartphone. Selain dari pesatnya penggunaan teknologi smartphone pada masyarakat, ada juga teknologi di bidang mikrokontroller yang dapat dikatakan pesat perkembangannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat, yaitu arduino yang merupakan suatu modul mikrokontroller. Selain itu Maraknya penggunaan smartphone pada semua kalangan masyarakat membuat meningkatnya tuntutan alat-alat aksessoris smartphone untuk kemudahan dalam penggunaanya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Seperti jika pengguna sedang ditempat umum, mengikuti rapat, ataupun sedang berkendara kendaraan motor. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, banyaknya aktifitas pengguna smartphone terkadang cukup memancing menjadi korban tindak kejahatan seperti perampasan atau perampokan di tempat umum, selain itu pengguna terkadang menggunakan smartphone di saat berkendara baik kendaraan roda dua maupun roda empat. Hal tersebut sangat berbahaya bagi pengendara tersebut dan pengguna jalan lainnya. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu perangkat berbasis mikrokontroller yang dapat membantu pengguna untuk menampilkan kondisi dari smartphone seperti adanya pesan masuk atau telepon yang masuk ke smartphone, berukuran kecil dan bisa di implementasikan sesuai dengan pekerjaan pengguna. Dengan menggunakan metode prototipe dalam proses perancangan hardware dan software dari flowchart dan metode blackbox untuk pengujian alat ini untuk mengetahui apakah perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras berfungsi dengan benar dan telah sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Dapat dihasilkan suatu perangkat yang berfungsi sebagai media notifikasi bagi smartphone seperti pesan singkat dan panggilan masuk, dan memiliki interface OLED Display. Hal tersebut dapat membantu pengguna Smartphone dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata kunci : Smartphone, Notifikasi, Arduino
Kata kunci : Smartphone, Notifikasi, Arduino
ABSTRACT
Notification or notification system has not changed much despite smartphone features - features sophisticated in its function. Notification systems such as exit tone or sound and vibration of the smartphone. Apart from the rapid use of smartphone technology on society, there is also the technology in the field of microcontroller that can be said to be rapid development in people's daily life, namely that a module arduino microcontroller. In addition, widespread use of smartphones in all societies make increasing demands aksessoris smartphone tools to ease its use in everyday life. As if the user is in public, attending a meeting, or are driving a motor vehicle. In everyday life, many activities are sometimes pretty fishing smartphone users become victims of crime such as deprivation or robbery in a public place, other than that users sometimes use a smartphone while driving both two wheelers and four wheels. It is very dangerous for the rider and other road users. Therefore, we need a microcontroller-based devices that can help the user to display the condition of smartphones such as the presence of incoming messages or incoming calls to the smartphone, small size and can be implemented in accordance with the user's work. By using the prototype in the design of hardware and software of the flowchart and blackbox method for testing this tool to determine whether the software and hardware to work properly and has been as expected. Can produce a device that functions as a media notification for smartphones such as short messages and incoming calls, and has an interface OLED Display. It can help users Smartphone in everyday life..
Keywords: Smartphone, Notifications, Arduino
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Assalamu‟alaikum Wr.Wb.
Segala puji serta syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan beribu-ribu nikmat,rahmat dan anugerah-Nya serta senantiasa melimpahkan hidayahnya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan laporan skripsi ini dengan baik dan tepat pada waktunya
Hanya karena kasih sayang dan kekuatan-Nya lah penulis mampu menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO”
Penulis menyadari dengan sepenuh hati bahwa tersusunnya skripsi ini bukan hanya atas kemampuan dan usaha penulis semata,namun juga berkat bantuan berbagai pihak,oleh karena itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :
- Bapak Ir. Untung Rahardja, M.T.I selaku Presiden Direktur Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang
- Bapak Drs. Po. Abas Sunarya, M.Si, selaku Direktur Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang.
- Bapak Ferry Sudarto, S.Kom,M.Pd, selaku Ketua Jurusan Sistem Komputer.
- Bapak Asep Saefullah, S.Pd,M.Kom selaku dosen pembimbing 1 yang telah meluangkan waktu membimbing penyusunan skripsi.
- Bapak Moch. Ibnu safari, S.Kom, M.Kom selaku dosen pembimbing 2 yang telah memberikan banyak masukan dalam penyusunan skripsi.
- Kedua orang tua tercinta dan keluarga yang telah banyak mendo‟akan dan memberikan dukungan baik moral maupun materiil.
- Kepada kekasih Siti Umairoh yang selalu memberi semangat dan pengertiannya selama penulis menyusun skripsi..
- Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Raharja yang telah memberikan ilmu pengetahuan kepada penulis.
- Rekan-rekan seperjuangan Ade Novariyanto, dan rekan lainnya yang bersama-sama menyusun skripsi, serta seluruh Keluarga Besar Himpunan Mahasiswa Sistem Komputer (HIMASIKOM)..
- Semua pihak Instansi terkait yang bekerja sama membantu dan memberi masukan.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan Laporan Skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu kritik dan saran yang membangun, penulis harapkan sebagai pemicu untuk dapat berkarya lebih baik lagi. Semoga Laporan Skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi pihak yang membutuhkan.
Tangerang, ..... 2015 | |
Handri Samanta | |
NIM. 1031465047 |
Daftar isi
- 1 BAB I
- 2 BAB II
- 3 2.2.3.2 Konsep Dasar Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p>
- 4 1. Definisi Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p>
- 5 BAB III
- 6 BAB IV
- 7 BAB V
- 8 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
- 9 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
BAB I
Latar Belakang
BAB II
I P O<o:p></o:p> |
Kelebihan<o:p></o:p> | Kelemahan<o:p></o:p> |
a) Black Box Testing dapat menguji keseluruhan fungsionalitas<o:p></o:p> perangkat lunak.<o:p></o:p> b) Black Box Testing dapat memilih subset test yang secara efektif dan efisien dapat menemukan cacat. Dengan cara ini Black Box Testing dapat membantu memaksimalkan Testing investment.<o:p></o:p> | a) Ketika user melakukan Black Box Testing, user tidak akan pernah yakin apakah perangkat lunak yang diuji telah benar- benar lolos pengujian. <o:p></o:p> |
Kelebihan<o:p></o:p> | Kelemahan<o:p></o:p> |
a. Adanya komunikasi yang baik antara pengembang dan user. <o:p></o:p> b. Pengembang dapat bekerja lebih baik dalam menentukan kebutuhan user.<o:p></o:p> c. User berperan aktif dalam pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p> d. Lebih menghemat waktu dalam pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p> e. Penerapan menjadi lebih mudah karena pemakai mengetahui apa yang diharapkannya<o:p></o:p> | a. User kadang tidak melihat atau menyadari bahwa perangkat lunak yang ada belum mencantumkan kualitas perangkat lunak secara keseluruhan dan juga belum memikirkan kemampuan pemeliharaan untuk jangka waktu lama.<o:p></o:p> b. Pengembang biasanya ingin cepat menyelesaikan proyek. Sehingga menggunakan algoritma dan bahasa pemrograman yang sederhana untuk membuat prototyping lebih cepat selesai tanpa memikirkan lebih lanjut bahwa program tersebut hanya merupakan cetak biru sistem.<o:p></o:p> c. Hubungan user dengan computer yang disediakan mungkin tidak mencerminkan teknik perancangan yang baik.<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PB7<o:p></o:p> | OC0A/OC1C/PCINT7/RTS (Output Compare and PWM Output A for<o:p></o:p> Timer/Counter0, Output Compare and PWM Output C for Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 7 or UART flow control RTS signal)<o:p></o:p> |
PB6<o:p></o:p> | OC1B/PCINT6/OC.4B/ADC13 (Output Compare and PWM Output B for Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 6 or Timer 4 Output Compare B / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 13)<o:p></o:p> |
PB5<o:p></o:p> | OC1A/PCINT5/OC.4B/ADC12 (Output Compare and PWM Output A for Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 5 or Timer 4 Complementary Output Compare B / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 12<o:p></o:p> |
PB4<o:p></o:p> | PCINT4/ADC11 (Pin Change Interrupt 4 or Analog to Digital Converter channel 11<o:p></o:p> |
PB3<o:p></o:p> | PDO/MISO/PCINT3 (Programming Data Output or SPI Bus Master Input/Slave Output or Pin Change Interrupt 3)<o:p></o:p> |
PB2<o:p></o:p> | PDI/MOSI/PCINT2 (Programming Data Input or SPI Bus Master Output/Slave Input or Pin Change Interrupt 2<o:p></o:p> |
PB1<o:p></o:p> | SCK/PCINT1 (SPI Bus Serial Clock or Pin Change Interrupt 1)<o:p></o:p> |
PB0<o:p></o:p> | SS/PCINT0 (SPI Slave Select input or Pin Change Interrupt 0)<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PC7<o:p></o:p> | ICP3/CLKO/OC4A(Input Capture Timer 3 or CLK0 (Divided <o:p></o:p> System Clock) or Output Compare and direct PWM output A <o:p></o:p> for Timer 4)<o:p></o:p> |
PC6<o:p></o:p> | OC.3A/OC4A (Output Compare and PWM output A for <o:p></o:p> Timer/Counter3 or Output Compare and complementary <o:p></o:p> PWM output A for Timer 4<o:p></o:p> |
PC5<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p> |
PC4<o:p></o:p> | |
PC3<o:p></o:p> | |
PC2<o:p></o:p> | |
PC1<o:p></o:p> | |
PC0<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PD7<o:p></o:p> | T0/OC.4D/ADC10 (Timer/Counter0 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output Compare D / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 10<o:p></o:p> |
PD6<o:p></o:p> | T1/OC.4D/ADC9 (Timer/Counter1 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output <o:p></o:p> Complementary Compare D / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 9)<o:p></o:p> |
PD5<o:p></o:p> | XCK1/CTS (USART1 External Clock Input/Output or UART flow control CTS signal<o:p></o:p> |
PD4<o:p></o:p> | ICP1/ADC8 (Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Trigger or Analog to Digital Converter channel 8)<o:p></o:p> |
PD3<o:p></o:p> | INT3/TXD1 (External Interrupt3 Input or USART1 Transmit Pin)<o:p></o:p> |
PD2<o:p></o:p> | INT2/RXD1 (External Interrupt2 Input or USART1 Receive Pin)<o:p></o:p> |
PD1<o:p></o:p> | INT1/SDA (External Interrupt1 Input or TWI Serial DAta)<o:p></o:p> |
PD0<o:p></o:p> | INT0/SCL/OC0B (External Interrupt0 Input or TWI Serial CLock or Output Compare for Timer/Counter0)<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PE7<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p> |
PE6<o:p></o:p> | INT6/AIN0 (External Interrupt 6 Input or Analog Comparator Positive Input)<o:p></o:p> |
PE5<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p> |
PE4<o:p></o:p> | |
PE3<o:p></o:p> | |
PE2<o:p></o:p> | HWB (Hardware bootloader activation)<o:p></o:p> |
PE1<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p> |
PE0<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PF7<o:p></o:p> | ADC7/TDI (ADC input channel 7 or JTAG Test Data Input)<o:p></o:p> |
PF6<o:p></o:p> | ADC6/TDO (ADC input channel 6 or JTAG Test Data Output)<o:p></o:p> |
PF5<o:p></o:p> | ADC5/TMS (ADC input channel 5 or JTAG Test Mode Select)<o:p></o:p> |
PF4<o:p></o:p> | ADC4/TCK (ADC input channel 4 or JTAG Test ClocK)<o:p></o:p> |
PF3<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out.<o:p></o:p> |
PF2<o:p></o:p> | |
PF1<o:p></o:p> | ADC1 (ADC input channel 1)<o:p></o:p> |
PF0<o:p></o:p> | ADC0 (ADC input channel 0)<o:p></o:p> |
2.2.3.2 Konsep Dasar Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p>
1. Definisi Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p>
Nilai Kapasitansi Padanan<o:p></o:p> | ||
pF (pikoFarad)<o:p></o:p> | nF (nanoFarad)<o:p></o:p> | µF (mikroFarad)<o:p></o:p> |
1<o:p></o:p> | 0,001<o:p></o:p> | 0,000 001<o:p></o:p> |
10<o:p></o:p> | 0,01<o:p></o:p> | 0,000 01<o:p></o:p> |
100<o:p></o:p> | 0,1<o:p></o:p> | 0,000 1<o:p></o:p> |
1000<o:p></o:p> | 1,0<o:p></o:p> | 0,001<o:p></o:p> |
10.000<o:p></o:p> | 10,0<o:p></o:p> | 0,01<o:p></o:p> |
100.000<o:p></o:p> | 100,0<o:p></o:p> | 0,1<o:p></o:p> |
1.000.000<o:p></o:p> | 1000,0<o:p></o:p> | 1,0<o:p></o:p> |
10000,0<o:p></o:p> | 10,0<o:p></o:p> | |
100 000<o:p></o:p> | 100,0<o:p></o:p> | |
1 000 000<o:p></o:p> | 1000,0<o:p></o:p> |
BAB III
Gambaran Umum Perusahaan
Sejarah Singkat Perusahaan
Perguruan Tinggi Raharja bermula dari sebuah lembaga kursus komputer yang bernama LPPK (Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Komputer) Raharja yang terletak di Jl. Gatot Subroto km.2 Harmoni Mas Cimone Tangerang.LPPK Raharja diresmikan pada tanggal 3 Januari 1994 oleh bapak walikota Tangerang Drs. H. Zakaria Mahmud, Raharja telah terdaftar pada Depdiknas Kotamadya Tangerang dengan nomor 201/PLSM/02.4/L.93. Lembaga inilah yang mempelopori penggunaan operating system windows dan aplikasinya diwilayah Tangerang dan sekitarnya, hal tersebut mendapat respon positif dan jumlah peminatnya pun meningkat pesat seiring dengan kerjasama yang di lakukan oleh lembaga ini dengan sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas yang ada di Tangerang.
Karena semakin pesatnya perkembangan dan pertumbuhan akan komputerisasi dan meningkatnya peminat masyarakat Tangerang maka pada tanggal 24 Maret 1999 LPPK Raharja berkembang menjadi Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer (AMIK) Raharja Informatika yang diresmikan melalui surat keputusan Mentri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor: 56/D/O/1999 yang diserahkan langsung dari Bapak Prof. Dr. Udju D. Rusdi selaku Koordinator KOPERTIS wilayah IV Jawa Barat kepada ketua yayasan Nirwana Nusantara Ibu Kasarina Sudjono. Pada tanggal 2 Februari 2000 dengan menyelenggarakan jurusan Manajemen Informatika.
Pada tanggal 2 Februari 2000 AMIK Raharja Informatika menjadi satu-satunya perguruan tinggi yang menjalankan studi formal untuk program Diploma I (DI) dengan memberikan gelar Ahli Pratama dan Program Diploma II (DII) dengan memberikan gelar Ahli Muda dan Diploma III (DIII) dengan memberikan gelar Ahli Madya kepada lulusannya, sesuai dengan surat keputusan Koordinator Perguruan Tinggi Swasta wilayah IV Jawa Barat dengan Nomor 3024/004/KL/1999.
Kemudian pada tanggal 7 September 2000 sesuai dengan surat keputusan Direktur Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 354/Dikti/Kep/2000 menambah 2 program yakni D3 Teknik Informatika dan D3 Komputer Akuntasi.
Kini AMIK Raharja Informatika mempunyai 3 (tiga) program studi Diploma III dengan jurusan Manajemen Informatika (MI), Teknik Informatika (TI), dan Komputer Akuntansi (KA) yang masing-masing jurusan memberikan gelar Ahli Madya (A.md), Ahli Muda (AM), Ahli Pratama (AP) kepada lulusannya.
Pada tanggal 20 Oktober 2000 dalam usahanya untuk meningkatkan mutu dan kualitas dari pada lulusan AMIK RAHARJA INFORMATIKA meningkatkan statusnya dengan membuka Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer (STMIK) RAHARJA. Dengan surat keputusan Nomor 42/01/YNN/PR/II/200. ketua Yayasan Nirwana Nusantara mengajukan permohonan pendirian STMIK RAHARJA kepada Mendiknas KOPERTIS Wilayah IV jawa barat dengan 3 (tiga) program studi SI Jurusan Sistem Informasi (SI), Teknik Informatika(TI), dan Sistem Komputer (SK), hal tersebut telah mendapat tanggapan dari Direktur Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi dengan surat keputusan Nomor 5706/D/T/2000. Tidak hanya sampai disini, dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu dan kualitas lulusan RAHARJA sesuai dengan Rencana Induk Pengembangan (RIP) Raharja, bahwa dalam kurun waktu tidak lebih dari 5 tahun sudah berdiri Universitas RAHARJA.
Pada saat ini, Perguruan Tinggi Raharja pun telah meningkatkan mutu dan kualitasnya melalui sertifikat Akreditasi, diantaranya yaitu sebagai berikut:
- Pada tanggal 5 April 2006 dengan sertifikat Akreditasi Nomor 00117/Ak-1-DIII-03/DFXMEI/IV/2002 yang berisi Badan Akreditasi nasional Perguruan Tinggi menyatakan bahwa program studi Diploma III Manajemen Informatika di AMIK Raharja Informatika Terakreditasi A.
- Pada tanggal 4 Mei 2006 dengan Sertifikat Akreditasi Nomor 08479/Ak-X-SI-001/CAGTLF/V/2006 yang berisi Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi menyatakan bahwa studi Strata 1 Teknik Informatika di STMIK Raharja terakreditasi B.
- Pada tanggal 11 Mei 2006 dengan Sertifikat Akreditasi Nomor 08523/Ak-X-S1-002/CAGSIM/V/2006 yang berisi Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi menyatakan bahwa program studi Strata 1 Sistem Informasi di STMIK Raharja terakreditasi B.
- Pada tanggal 3 Agustus 2007 dengan Sertifikat Akreditasi Nomor 006/BAN-PT/AK-VIII/DPI-III/2007 yang berisi Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi menyatakan bahwa program studi Diploma III Manajemen Informatika di AMIK Raharja Informatika terakreditasi B.
- Pada tanggal 25 Agustus 2007 dengan Sertifikat Akreditasi Nomor 019/BAN-PT/AK-X/SI/VIII/2007 yang berisi Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi menyatakan bahwa program Strata 1 Sistem Komputer di STMIK Raharja terakreditasi B.
- Pada tanggal 29 Desember 2007 sesuai surat keputusan oleh Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi (BAN-PT) dengan Nomor 017/BAN-PT/AK-VII/Dpl-III/XII/2007 yang berisi Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi menyatakan bahwa program studi Diploma III Teknik Informatika di AMIK Raharja Informatika dengan terakreditasi B.
- Pada tanggal 18 Januari 2008 sesuai surat Keputusan oleh Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi (BAN-PT) dengan Nomor 019/BAN-PT/AK-VII/Dpl-III/I/2008 yang berisi Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi menyatakan bahwa program studi Diploma Tiga Komputerisasi Akuntansi di AMIK Raharja Informatika terakreditasi A.
- Pada tanggal 08 Juli 2011 sesuai surat Keputusan oleh Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi (BAN-PT) dengan Nomor 010/BAN-PT/Ak-XIV/S1/VII/2011, menyatakan bahwa Program Studi Sarjana Teknik Informatika, Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Raharja, Tangerang terakreditasi B.
- Pada tanggal 23 September 2011 sesuai surat Keputusan oleh Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi (BAN-PT) dengan Nomor 025/BAN-PT/Ak-XIV/S1/IX/2011, menyatakan bahwa Program Studi Sarjana Sistem Informasi, Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Raharja, Tangerang terakreditasi B.
Struktur Organisasi Perguruan Tinggi Raharja
Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab
1. Presiden Direktur
Wewenang :
- Menyelenggarakan program kerja yang berpedoman pada visi, misi, fungsi dan tujuan pendirian Perguruan Tinggi Raharja.
- Menyelenggarakan kegiatan dan pengembangan pendidikan, penelitian serta pengabdian pada masyarakat.
- Menyelenggarakan kegiatan pengembangan administrasi.
- Menyelenggarakan kegiatan-kegiatan yang menunjang terwujudnya Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi.
Tanggung Jawab :
- Pemimpin penyelenggaraan pendidikan, penelitian, pengabdian kepada masyarakat, membina tenaga edukatif, mahasiswa, tenaga administrasi dan terhadap lingkungan.
2. Direktur
Wewenang:
- Merupakan wakil presiden direktur.
- membantu presiden direktur dalam berbagai kegiatan.
3.Pembantu (Bidang Akademik)
Wewenang :
- Menjalankan program kebijaksanaan akademik.
- Mengawasi dan membina serta mengembangkan program studi sesuai kebijaksanaan yang telah digariskan.
- Membina dan mengembangkan kegiatan penelitian dan pengabdian pada masyarakat.
- Mengadakan afiliasi.
- Membina dan mengembangkan kelembagaan.
Tanggung Jawab :
- Membantu ketua dalam memimpin pelaksanaan pendidikan, penelitian dan pengabdian pada masyarakat.
4.Pembantu Direktur II (Administrasi)
Wewenang :
- Melaksanakan dan mengelola seluruh kegiatan administrasi dan keuangan.
- Membina dan mengembangkan kepegawaian.
- Mengadakan sarana dan prasarana kepegawaian.
Tanggung Jawab :
- Membantu ketua dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan dibidang keuangan dan administrasi.
5. Pembantu Direktur III (Bidang Kemahasiswaan)
Wewenang :
- Membina kegiatan kemahasiswaan.
- Membina kehidupan mahasiswa dalam kampus sehingga dapat mengembangkan penalaran.
- Membina dan mengawasi kegiatan lembaga mahasiswa serta unit kegiatan khusus akademik.
Tanggung Jawab :
- Membantu ketua dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan dibidang kemahasiswaan serta pelayanan kesejahteraan mahasiswa.
6.Asisten Direktur Akademik
Wewenang :
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur atas prosedur pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar.
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur tentang kenaikan honor staff binaannya.
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur tentang pengangkatan dan pemberhentian staff binaannya.
- Memberikan kebijakan pelaksanaan layanan pada bidangnya.
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur tentang unit layanan baru yang dibutuhkan.
- Memberikan sanksi kepada staff binaannya yang melanggar tata tertib karyawan.
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur tentang pengangkatan dan pemberhentian dosen.
Tanggung Jawab :
- Bertanggung jawab atas penyusunan JRS yang efektif dan efisien, pengimplementasian pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar, kemajuan kualitas pelayanan akademik yang berkesinambungan, dan kelancaran proses belajar mengajar.
7. Kepala Jurusan
Wewenang:
- Mengusulkan kepada Assisten Direktur Akademik tentang perubahan mata kuliah dan materi kuliah yang dianggap telah kadaluarsa bahkan perubahan kurikulum jurusan.
- Mengusulkan kepada Asisten Direktur Akademik tentang kenaikan honor dosen binaannya.
- Mengusulkan kepada Asisten Direktur Akademik tentang pengadaan seminar, pelatihan, penambahan kelas perkuliahan pengangkatan dosen baru dan pemberhentian dosen.
- Memberikan kebijakan administratif Akademik seperti cuti kuliah, perpindahan jurusan, ujian susulan, dan pembukaan semester pendek.
- Mengusulkan kepada Asisten Direktur Akademik tentang pembukaan peminatan/konsentrasi baru dalam jurusannya.
- Memberikan sanksi Akademik kepada mahasiswa yang melanggar tata tertib Perguruan Tinggi Raharja.
Tanggung Jawab :
- Bertanggung jawab atas penyusunan dan pengimplementasian kurikulum, SAP dan bahan ajar, monitoring kehadiran dosen dalam perkuliahan, jam konsultasi dan tugas-tugas yang disampaikan ke dosen, terlaksananya penelitian, seminar, pembinaan prestasi akademik mahasiswa dan peningkatan jumlah mahasiswa dalam jurusannya.
8. Asisten Direktur Finansial
Wewenang:
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur atas prosedur pembuatan budget pada setiap bagian dan pelaksanaan pemakaian dana.
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur tentang kenaikan honor, pengangkatan dan pemberhentian staff binaannya.
- Memberikan kebijakan pelaksanaan layanan pada bidangnya dan sanksi kepada staff binaannya yang melanggar tata tertib karyawan.
Tanggung Jawab :
- Bertanggung jawab atas penyusunan budgeting pada setiap bagian, dan tersedianya dana atas budget yang telah disetujui.
- Bertanggung jawab atas kemajuan kualitas pendanaan aktifitas yang berkesinambungan.
- Bertanggung jawab atas kelancaran proses belajar mengajar.
9. Layanan Keuangan Mahasiswa(LKM)
Wewenang:
- Mengusulkan prosedur layanan keuangan kepada Asisten Direktur Finansial
- Mengusulkan tentang unit baru yang dibutuhkan kepada Asisiten Direktur Finansial.
Tanggung Jawab:
- Bertanggung jawab atas kelancaran proses penerimaan keuangan mahasiswa
- Bertanggung jawab atas penagihan tunggakan mahasiswa.
10. Asisten Direktur Operasional(ADO)
Wewenang :
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur atas prosedur pelaksanaan pelayanan proses belajar mengajar
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur tentang kenaikan honor staff binaannya.
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur tentang pengangkatan dan pemberhentian staff binaannya.
- Memberikan kebijaksanaan pelaksanaan layanan pada bidangnya.
- Mengusulkan kepada Direktur tentang unit layanan baru yang dibutuhkan.
- Memberikan sanksi kepada staff binaannya yang melanggar tata tertib karyawan.
Tanggung Jawab :
- Bertanggung jawab atas penyusunan kalender akademik tahunan.
- Bertanggung jawab atas pengimplementasian pelaksanaan dan kualitas pelayanan yang berkesinambungan pada bidangnya.
- Bertanggung jawab atas kelancaran proses belajar mengajar.
11. Registrasi Perkuliahan dan Ujian(RPU)
Bagian registrasi perkuliahan dan ujian terdiri dari dua bagian antara lain:
A. Layanan Registrasi Mahasiswa (LRM)
Wewenang :
- Berwenang memberikan kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan proses registrasi mahasiswa.
- Memberikan kebijakan pelaksanaan layanan pada bidangnya
- Memberikan sanksi kepada staff binaannya yang melanggar tata tertib karyawan
- Mengusulkan kepada ADO untuk pengangkatan dan pemberhentian staff binaannya.
Tanggung Jawab:
- Bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan registrasi POM mulai dari persiapan hingga pada penutupan setiap semesternya.
- Bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan registrasi batal tambah dan jumlah mahasiswa yang melakukan POM.
- Bertanggung jawab atas seluruh informasi mengenai registrasi mahasiswa.
B. Perkuliahan dan Ujian (PU)
Wewenang :
- Mengusulkan kepada ADO atas prosedur pelaksanaan pelayanan proses belajar mengajar serta kebijakan yang diambil.
- Mengusulkan kepada ADO tentang pengangkatan dan pemberhentian staff binaannya.
- Memberikan sanksi kepada staff binaannya yang dianggap telah melanggar tata tertib karyawan.
- Mengusulkan kepada kepala jurusan untuk kelas perkuliahan yang dapat dibuka.
Tanggung Jawab :
- Bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan dan pendokumentasian perkuliahan dan ujian.
Tata Laksana Sistem Yang Berjalan
Prosedur Sistem Yang Berjalan
Rancangan Prosedur Sistem Berjalan
Analisa Sistem Yang Berjalan
Metode Analisa Sistem
Analisa Masukan, Analisa Proses, Analisa Keluaran
Konfigurasi Sistem Berjalan
Permasalahan yang dihadapi dan Alternatif Pemecahan Masalah
User Requirement
Elisitasi Tahap I
Elisitasi Tahap II
Elisitasi Tahap III
Final Draft Elisitasi
BAB IV
Rancangan Sistem Usulan
Prosedur Sistem Usulan
Use Case Diagram Sistem Yang Diusulkan
Activity Diagram Yang Diusulkan
Sequence Diagram Yang Diusulkan
Perbedaan Prosedur Antara Sistem Berjalan dan Sistem Usulan
Rancangan Basis Data
Normalisasi
Spesifikasi Basis Data
Flowchart System yang diusulkan
Rancangan Program
Rancangan Prototipe
Konfigurasi Sistem Usulan
Spesifikasi Hardware
Aplikasi Yang Digunakan
Hak Akses
Testing
Evaluasi
Implementasi
Schedule
Penerapan
Estimasi Biaya
BAB V
Kesimpulan
Kesimpulan Terhadap Rumusan Masalah
Ini isi dari kesimpulan terhadap rumusan masalah
Ini isi dari kesimpulan terhadap rumusan masalah
Ini isi dari kesimpulan terhadap rumusan masalah
Kesimpulan Terhadap Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian
Ini isi dari kesimpulan terhadap tujuan dan manfaat penelitian
Ini isi dari kesimpulan terhadap tujuan dan manfaat penelitian
Ini isi dari kesimpulan terhadap tujuan dan manfaat penelitian
Kesimpulan terhadap metode penelitian
Ini isi dari kesimpulan terhadap metode penelitian
Ini isi dari kesimpulan terhadap metode penelitian
Ini isi dari kesimpulan terhadap metode penelitian
Saran
Ini berisi saran anda
Kesan
DAFTAR PUSTAKA