SI1031465047: Perbedaan revisi
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(37 revisi antara oleh satu pengguna lainnya tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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− | < | + | <div style="font-size: 16pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> |
+ | <p style="line-height: 1">'''PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE '''</P></div> | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 16pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1">'''BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO '''</P></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 16pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1">'''[[Skripsi|SKRIPSI]]'''</P></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | [[File:Logo stmik raharja.jpg|150px|center]]</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: ">'''Disusun Oleh :'''</P></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|table align="center" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">'''NIM'''</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: '''1031465047'''</div> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">'''NAMA'''</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: '''[[HANDRI SAMANTA]]'''</div> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1">'''JURUSAN [[Sistem Komputer|SISTEM KOMPUTER]]'''</P></div> | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1">'''KONSENTRASI COMPUTER SYSTEM'''</P></div> | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1">'''SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER'''</P></div> | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1">'''[[STMIK RAHARJA]]'''</P></div> | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1">'''TANGERANG'''</P></div> | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1">'''2014/2015'''</P></div> | ||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''(STMIK) RAHARJA'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2" style="text-align: center;2">'''PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2" style="text-align: center;2">'''BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Disusun Oleh :</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|table align="center" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">NIM</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: 1031465047</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Nama</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: [[HANDRI SAMANTA]]</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Jenjang Studi</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: Strata Satu</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Jurusan</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: Sistem Komputer</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Konsentrasi</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: Computer System</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Disahkan Oleh :</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: right"><p style="line-height: 2">Tangerang, ..... 2015</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|table align="center" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">Ketua</div> || || || || || <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">Kepala Jurusan</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">STMIK RAHARJA</div> || || || || || <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">Jurusan Sistem Komputer</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | || || || || || | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | || || || || || | ||
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+ | |- | ||
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+ | | || || || || || | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | || || || || || | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><u>(Ir. Untung Rahardja, M.TI)</u></div>|| || || || || <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><u>(Ferry Sudarto, S.Kom, M.Pd)</u></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">NIP : 000594</div> || || || || || <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">NIP : 079010</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''(STMIK) RAHARJA'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2" style="text-align: center;2">'''PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2" style="text-align: center;2">'''BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Dibuat Oleh :</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|table align="center" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">NIM</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: 1031465047</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Nama</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: [[Handri Samanta]]</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <p style="line-height: 2" style="text-align: center;">Telah disetujui untuk dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Ujian Komprehensif</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <p style="line-height: 2" style="text-align: center;">Jurusan Sistem Komputer</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Konsentrasi Computer System </p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Disetujui Oleh :</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <p style="line-height: 2" style="text-align: right;">Tangerang,.... 2015</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|table align="center" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">Pembimbing I</div> || || || <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">Pembimbing II</div> | ||
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+ | |- | ||
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+ | | || || || | ||
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+ | |- | ||
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+ | | || || || | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | || || || | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | || || || | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><u>(Asep Saefullah, S.Pd, M.Kom)</u></div>|| || || <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><u>(Moch. Ibnu Safari, M.Kom)</u></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">NID : 06121 </div> || || || <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">NID : 14009 </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''(STMIK) RAHARJA'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN DEWAN PENGUJI'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 1" style="text-align: center;">'''PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 1" style="text-align: center;">'''BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 1">Dibuat Oleh :</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|table align="center" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">NIM</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: 1031465047</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Nama</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: [[Handri Samanta]]</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1" style="text-align: center;">Disetujui setelah berhasil dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Ujian </p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1" style="text-align: center;">Komprehensif</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Jurusan Sistem Komputer</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Konsentrasi Computer System</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Tahun Akademik 2014/2015</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Disetujui Penguji :</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <p style="line-height: 1" style="text-align: right;">Tangerang, .... 2015</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|table align="center" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">Ketua Penguji</div>|| | ||
+ | |||
+ | ||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">Penguji I</div> || | ||
+ | |||
+ | ||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">Penguji II</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
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+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><u>(_______________)</u></div>|| | ||
+ | |||
+ | || <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><u>(_______________)</u></div>|| | ||
+ | |||
+ | ||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><u>(_______________)</u></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">NID : </div> || ||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">NID : </div>|| | ||
+ | |||
+ | || <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">NID : </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''(STMIK) RAHARJA'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">'''LEMBAR KEASLIAN SKRIPSI'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2" style="text-align: center;2">'''PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2" style="text-align: center;2">'''BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO'''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Disusun Oleh :</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|table align="center" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">NIM</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: 1031465047</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Nama</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: [[Handri Samanta]]</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Jenjang Studi</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: Strata Satu</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Jurusan</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: Sistem Komputer</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">Konsentrasi</div>||<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left">: Computer System</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Menyatakan bahwa Skripsi ini merupakan karya tulis saya sendiri dan bukan merupakan tiruan, salinan, atau duplikat dari Skripsi yang telah dipergunakan untuk mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Komputer baik di lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi Raharja maupun di Perguruan Tinggi lain, serta belum pernah dipublikasikan.</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Pernyataan ini dibuat dengan penuh kesadaran dan rasa tanggung jawab, serta bersedia menerima sanksi jika pernyataan diatas tidak benar.</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">Tangerang, ..... 2015</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|table align="center" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
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+ | |<div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><u>'''([[Handri Samanta]])'''</u></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center">'''NIM : 1031465047'''</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: left"><p style="line-height: 2">'')*Tandatangan dibubuhi materai 6.000;</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">ABSTRAKSI</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify"><p style="line-height: 1">Sistem pemberitahuan atau notifikasi smartphone tidak banyak berubah walaupun smartphone memiliki fitur – fitur yang canggih dalam fungsinya. Sistem pemberitahuan seperti keluar nada atau suara dan getaran dari smartphone. Selain dari pesatnya penggunaan teknologi smartphone pada masyarakat, ada juga teknologi di bidang mikrokontroller yang dapat dikatakan pesat perkembangannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat, yaitu arduino yang merupakan suatu modul mikrokontroller. Selain itu Maraknya penggunaan smartphone pada semua kalangan masyarakat membuat meningkatnya tuntutan alat-alat aksessoris smartphone untuk kemudahan dalam penggunaanya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Seperti jika pengguna sedang ditempat umum, mengikuti rapat, ataupun sedang berkendara kendaraan motor. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, banyaknya aktifitas pengguna smartphone terkadang cukup memancing menjadi korban tindak kejahatan seperti perampasan atau perampokan di tempat umum, selain itu pengguna terkadang menggunakan smartphone di saat berkendara baik kendaraan roda dua maupun roda empat. Hal tersebut sangat berbahaya bagi pengendara tersebut dan pengguna jalan lainnya. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu perangkat berbasis mikrokontroller yang dapat membantu pengguna untuk menampilkan kondisi dari smartphone seperti adanya pesan masuk atau telepon yang masuk ke smartphone, berukuran kecil dan bisa di implementasikan sesuai dengan pekerjaan pengguna. Dengan menggunakan metode prototipe dalam proses perancangan hardware dan software dari flowchart dan metode blackbox untuk pengujian alat ini untuk mengetahui apakah perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras berfungsi dengan benar dan telah sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Dapat dihasilkan suatu perangkat yang berfungsi sebagai media notifikasi bagi smartphone seperti pesan singkat dan panggilan masuk, dan memiliki interface OLED Display. Hal tersebut dapat membantu pengguna Smartphone dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata kunci : Smartphone, Notifikasi, Arduino</p></div> | ||
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+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify"><p style="line-height: 1">''Kata kunci : Smartphone, Notifikasi, Arduino''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: center"><p style="line-height: 2">''ABSTRACT''</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify"><p style="line-height: 1">''Notification or notification system has not changed much despite smartphone features - features sophisticated in its function. Notification systems such as exit tone or sound and vibration of the smartphone. Apart from the rapid use of smartphone technology on society, there is also the technology in the field of microcontroller that can be said to be rapid development in people's daily life, namely that a module arduino microcontroller. In addition, widespread use of smartphones in all societies make increasing demands aksessoris smartphone tools to ease its use in everyday life. As if the user is in public, attending a meeting, or are driving a motor vehicle. In everyday life, many activities are sometimes pretty fishing smartphone users become victims of crime such as deprivation or robbery in a public place, other than that users sometimes use a smartphone while driving both two wheelers and four wheels. It is very dangerous for the rider and other road users. Therefore, we need a microcontroller-based devices that can help the user to display the condition of smartphones such as the presence of incoming messages or incoming calls to the smartphone, small size and can be implemented in accordance with the user's work. By using the prototype in the design of hardware and software of the flowchart and blackbox method for testing this tool to determine whether the software and hardware to work properly and has been as expected. Can produce a device that functions as a media notification for smartphones such as short messages and incoming calls, and has an interface OLED Display. It can help users Smartphone in everyday life.. '' </p></div> | ||
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+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify"><p style="line-height: 1">''Keywords: Smartphone, Notifications, Arduino''</p></div> | ||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''KATA PENGANTAR'''</div> | ||
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+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify;text-indent: 0.5in"><p style="line-height: 2"> Bismillahirrahmanirrahim </p><p style="line-height: 2"> Assalamu‟alaikum Wr.Wb. </p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify;text-indent: 0.5in"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 2"> Segala puji serta syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan beribu-ribu nikmat,rahmat dan anugerah-Nya serta senantiasa melimpahkan hidayahnya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan laporan skripsi ini dengan baik dan tepat pada waktunya</p></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify;text-indent: 0.5in"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 2"> | ||
+ | Hanya karena kasih sayang dan kekuatan-Nya lah penulis mampu menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO”</p></div> | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify;text-indent: 0.5in"><p style="line-height: 2">Penulis menyadari dengan sepenuh hati bahwa tersusunnya skripsi ini bukan hanya atas kemampuan dan usaha penulis semata,namun juga berkat bantuan berbagai pihak,oleh karena itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :</p></div> | ||
+ | <ol> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">Bapak Ir. Untung Rahardja, M.T.I selaku Presiden Direktur Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang </li> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">Bapak Drs. Po. Abas Sunarya, M.Si, selaku Direktur Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang. </li> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">Bapak Ferry Sudarto, S.Kom,M.Pd, selaku Ketua Jurusan Sistem Komputer. </li> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">Bapak Asep Saefullah, S.Pd,M.Kom selaku dosen pembimbing 1 yang telah meluangkan waktu membimbing penyusunan skripsi.</li> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">Bapak Moch. Ibnu safari, S.Kom, M.Kom selaku dosen pembimbing 2 yang telah memberikan banyak masukan dalam penyusunan skripsi.</li> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">Kedua orang tua tercinta dan keluarga yang telah banyak mendo‟akan dan memberikan dukungan baik moral maupun materiil.</li> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">Kepada kekasih Siti Umairoh yang selalu memberi semangat dan pengertiannya selama penulis menyusun skripsi..</li> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Raharja yang telah memberikan ilmu pengetahuan kepada penulis. </li> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;"> Rekan-rekan seperjuangan Ade Novariyanto, dan rekan lainnya yang bersama-sama menyusun skripsi, serta seluruh Keluarga Besar Himpunan Mahasiswa Sistem Komputer (HIMASIKOM)..</li> | ||
+ | <li style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">Semua pihak Instansi terkait yang bekerja sama membantu dan memberi | ||
+ | masukan.</li> | ||
+ | </ol> | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman';text-align: justify;text-indent: 0.5in"> | ||
+ | <p style="line-height: 2">Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan Laporan Skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu kritik dan saran yang membangun, penulis harapkan sebagai pemicu untuk dapat berkarya lebih baik lagi. Semoga Laporan Skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi pihak yang membutuhkan.</p></div> | ||
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+ | <div align="right" style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'times new roman'"> | ||
+ | {| width="100%" align="right" | ||
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+ | | width="60%" | || align="center" | Tangerang, ..... 2015 | ||
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+ | | width="60%" | || align="center" | <u>Handri Samanta</u> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | width="60%" | || align="center" | NIM. 1031465047 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | __TOC__ | ||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | =<div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''BAB I'''</div>= | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''PENDAHULUAN'''</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Latar Belakang== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="Section1"><div class="Section1"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">LatarBelakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Maraknya penggunaan smartphone pada semua kalangan masyarakat membuatmeningkatnya tuntutan alat-alat aksesoris untuk smartphone untuk kemudahandalam penggunaanya. <i>Smartphone</i> yangmemiliki fasilitas atau fungsi - fungsi seperti sebuah komputer itulah yangmembuat sebagian besar kalangan masyarakat menggunakan smartphone, mengirim danmenerima email, sosial media, browsing internet, pemutar musik, kamera danfitur lainnya. Tetapi fungsi sebagai telepon seluler tidak hilang sepertitelepon dan pesan singkat, bahkan lebih baik karena spesifikasi dari <i>smartphone</i> tersebut bisa dibilangtinggi. Seiring dengan hal tersebut para pengguna menjadi berlebihan dalammenggunakan <i>smartphone</i> karena tidaksesuai dengan tempatnya, seperti di tempat umum yang memancing tindakankejahatan karena harga dari <i>smartphone</i>cukup bernilai, misalkan jika pengguna ditempat umum mengeluarkan <i>smartphone</i> miliknya, dapat memancingpara pencopet atau penodong untuk merampas <i>smartphone</i>milik pengguna, kemudian untuk para pengendara sepeda motor saat menggunakan <i>smartphone</i> seperti menulis pesan singkatatau hanya melihat kondisi <i>smartphone</i>saat pengguna berhenti di pinggir jalan, dapat memancing perampasan dari pelakukriminal yang menggunakan sepeda motor juga, semua itu terjadi karena salahsatunya karena kita terkadang memancing <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span></div><div class="Section2"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tindakan kriminal dengan menunjukkan <i>smartphone</i> walaupun pengguna <i>smartphone</i>tidak menyadarinya. <i>Smartphone</i> milikpengguna yang bernilai itu merupakan sasaran bagi pelaku kriminal. Selain itusaat berkendara juga sangat membahayakan para pengendara jika sambil mengecekkondisi smartphone karena pengendara hanya menggunakan satu tangan untukmengendarai sepeda motor karena tangan yang satu lagi sedang fokus untuk menggunakan <i>smartphone</i>, dan tak hanya itu. Saat mengeluarkan <i>smartphone</i> untuk melihat kondisinya darikantong pakaian kita juga cukup menyulitkan apalagi bila pengendara menggunakansarung tangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Selain dari pesatnya penggunaan teknologi <i>smartphone</i> pada masyarakat, ada juga teknologi di bidang mikrokontrolleryang dapat dikatakan pesat perkembangannya dalam kehidupan sehari-harimasyarakat, yaitu <i>arduino</i>. <i>Arduino</i> merupakan modul mikrokontrolleryang cukup banyak digunakan untuk <i>embedded</i><i>system</i>, Sistem Otomasi dan perangkatpintar lainnya. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistemkendali atau sistem kontrol (<i>controlsystem</i>) adalah suatu alat untuk memerintah dan mengatur keadaan dari suatusistem. Istilah sistem kendali ini dapat dipraktekkan secara manual untukmengendalikan peralatan rumah secara otomatis <i>(home automation</i>) misalnya pintu dan jendela, ada juga yang dapatdiaplikasikan pada kendaraan .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Olehkarena itu, dibutuhkan suatu perangkat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">berbasismikrokontroller </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">yang dapat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> membantu pengguna untuk menampilkan kondisi dari <i>smartphone</i> seperti adanya pesan masukatau telepon yang masuk ke <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">smartphone</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">,berukuran kecil dan bisa di implementasikan sesuai dengan pekerjaan pengguna.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RumusanMasalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Darilatar belakang permasalahan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan permasalahan sebagaiberikut:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Apakah aplikasi<i> android</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">bisa mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke <i>Smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimana membuat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">perangkat berbasis <i>Arduino</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">yang mampu menjadi media </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">antarmuka pemberitahuanpesan singkat yang baru masuk ke <i>Smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimana komunikasiantara aplikasi berbasis <i>android</i>dengan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> perangkat <i>Arduino</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RuangLingkup<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagaipembatasan bahasan atas penyusunan laporan ini sehingga fokus dan sesuai dengantujuan yang ditetapkan, maka ruang lingkup laporan ini adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Aplikasi berbasis <i>android</i> untuk men</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ampilkan pemberitahuan pesan yang baru masuk kesmartphone.</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perangkat berbasis <i>arduino</i> <i>pro</i> <i>micro</i> dapatberkomunikasi dengan smartphone lewat <i>bluetooth</i>untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan pesansingkat yang baru masuk ke <i>smartphone</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuandan Manfaat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Individu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memenuhi syaratkelulusan untuk jenjang Strata (S1).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengaplikasikan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ilmu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">yang penulis </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dapat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">selama pekuliahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Fungsional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Membuat aplikasiberbasis <i>android</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">yang dapat menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat yangbaru masuk ke <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Membuat perangkatberbasis <i>Arduino</i> yang dapatberkomunikasi dengan <i>smartphone</i> lewat<i>bluetooth</i> untuk menampilkan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Agar </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pengguna <i>smartphone</i>lebih mendapat kemudahan dalam menggunakan <i>smartphone</i>nya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Agar </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pengguna <i>smartphone</i>dapat melihat pesan yang masuk ke <i>smartphone</i>mereka tanpa melihat secara langsung <i>smartphone</i>milik mereka dan ini berguna bagi pengguna yang sedang di tempat umum danberkendara untuk mencegah hal - hal yang tidak diinginkan terjadi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat individu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat mengembangkanilmu yang penulis dapatkan selama perkuliahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan kepuasankarena dapat menciptakan sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Memberikan suatuterobosan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">baru </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> pada tempat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">perkuliahanpenulis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> di </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">STMIK RAHARJA.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat fungsional <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aplikasi <i>smartphone</i> yang dirancang dapatmengambil data atau teks pesan singkat yang masuk ke <i>smartphone</i>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dapat melihat pesansingkat yang masuk ke <i>smartphone</i>tanpa melihat secara langsung <i>smartphone</i>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mempermudah dalammenggunakan <i>smartphone</i> karena lebihpraktis.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mempermudahpenggunaan <i>smartphone</i> jika sedangberkendara atau ditempat umum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePenelitian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePengumpulan Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Observasi(<i>Observation</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam metode ini penulis melakukanobservasi terhadap</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> lingkungan parapengguna <i>smartphone</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">agarpenulis mendapatkan data yang dibutuhkan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wawancara(<i>Interview</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Selain observasi penulis juga melakukanwawancara kepada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">para pengguna <i>smartphone</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">untukmengetahui kebutuhan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">atau keinginanperangkat yang dibutuhkan untuk membantu pengguna <i>smartphone</i> lebih mudah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">StudiKepustakaan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Selain melakukanobservasi dan wawancara penulis juga melakukan studi kepustakaan, <i>browsing internet</i>, jurnal, dan artikeldengan cara pengumpulan data, dalam hal ini penulis berusaha melengkapidata-data yang diperoleh dengan cara mencari artikel sebagai referensi yangberhubungan dengan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> perancanganaplikasi dan perangkat berbasis arduino untuk menampilkan kondisi dari <i>smartphone</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodeAnalisa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode Analisa Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam metode ini peneliti menganalisa teoridari data-data yang diperoleh sehingga dapat menghasilkan informasi yang bermanfaatdalam penelitian. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode Analisa Perancangan Program<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode analisa perancangan program padapenelitian skripsi ini penulis menggunakan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">agan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">lir </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">rogram (<i>Flowchart</i>Program). Hal tersebut dikarenakan penulis membuat <i>interface</i> dengan menggunakan <i>Basic4Android</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePerancangan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam melakukan perancangan penulismenggunakan metode Sistem <i>F</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">lowchart </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">dimanatahap demi tahap </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">proses pembuatan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">perangkat berbasis <i>arduino</i>untuk menampilkan kondisi dari <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodePrototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe yangdigunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah pendekatan <i>evolutionary</i>, dimana penulis melakukan pengembangan terhadap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Arduino</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> agar dapat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">menerima data dari aplikasi yang terdapat di <i>smartphone</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.5.5<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MetodeTesting <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam metode pengujian ini penulis melakukanuji coba dengan metode <i>Black Box</i>terhadap prototipe yang telah dibuat agar diketahui apakah prototipe sudahberjalan sesuai ketentuan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.6<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SistematikaPenulisan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 42.55pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt 217.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> BAB I PENDAHULUAN </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikantentang latar belakang masalah, rumusan masalah, ruang lingkup, tujuanpenelitian, manfaat penelitian, metode penelitian dan sistematika penulisanyang digunakan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB II LANDASAN TEORI</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikantentang teori umum yang terdiri dari </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">konsepdasar sistem, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">konsep dasar <i>flowchart</i> dan konsep dasar <i>blackbox</i>,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">konsepdasar prototipe, serta konsep dasar </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">mikrokontroller</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,konsep </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komunikasi Serial</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,konsep <i>android smartphone</i>, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">konsep dasar elektronik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">dan <i>literature review</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB III </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bab ini merupakan pembahasan laporan penulisan skripsi,yang berisi tentang : Analisa blok rangkaian,</span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> analisa perancanganaplikasi <i>android</i></span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">dan fungsi-fungsinya, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">konfigurasi sistem dan flowchart program sertasistem yang dibuat.</span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB IV RANCANGANSISTEM YANG DIUSULKAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.65pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam bab inipenulis menguraikan sistem yang akan diusulkan seperti usulan prosedur yang baru, diagram rancangan sistem,rancangan basis data yang terdiri dari normalisasi dan spesifikasi basis data. <i>Flowchart</i> sistem yang diusulkan,rancangan prototipe, konfigurasi sistem, <i>testing</i>,evaluasi, <i>schedulle</i> <i>implementasi</i>, dan estimasi biaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB V PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikesimpulan dari hasil pengujian alat dan beberapa saran untuk pengembanganlebih lanjut.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div></div> | ||
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+ | =<div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''BAB II'''</div>= | ||
+ | <div style="font-size: 14pt;font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''LANDASAN TEORI'''</div> | ||
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+ | <div class="Section1"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BABII<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">LANDASANTEORI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TeoriUmu</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Teori – teori umum yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniadalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar flowchart<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar blackbox<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar prototipe<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">2.1.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DefinisiSistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">Menurut Sucipto (2011:1), “Sistem adalah kumpulanelemen-elemen yang saling berkaitan dan bertanggung jawab memproses masukan (<i>input</i>) sehingga menghasilkan keluaran (<i>output</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSutabri (2012:10), “Secara sederhana suatu sistem dapat diartikan sebagai suatukumpulan atau himpunan dari unsur, komponen, atau variabel yang terorganisir,saling berinteraksi, saling tergantung satu sama lain, dan terpadu”.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="FontStyle43"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Daripendapat yang dikemukakan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">sistem adalah suatu jaringan kerja yangterdiri dari input, proses dan output yang saling terintegrasi dan salingberinteraksi satu sama lain untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div></div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span></b><br /><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KarakteristikSistem</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">Menurut Sucipto (2011:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">),</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Sistem memiliki sifat-sifat ataukarakteristik, sistem mempunyai beberapa komponen yaitu :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Komponen Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Suatu sistemdapat terdiri dari beberapa komponen yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yanglain dan bekerja sama membentuk satu kesatuan, sistem dapat terdiri daribagian-bagian yang mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda dan saling terhubung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Batasan Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Setiap sistemterdiri dari sub –sub sistem dan setiap sistem/sub sistem mempunyai tata kerjayang berbeda antara satu dengan yang lain, sistem mempunyai kemampuan yangterbatas dan ruang lingkup yang terbatas. Batasan, merupakan batasan-batasanyang ada dalam mencapai tujuan dari sistem, dimana batasan ini dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Prosedural<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya – biaya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Personel<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Peralatan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mekanismepengolahan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Lingkungan Luar Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Baik dan buruknya kinerja sistem dapat dipengaruhi olehlingkungan luar sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penghubung Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk dapatberkomunikasi satu sub sistem dengan sub sistem yang lain didukung adanyapenghubung, input suatu sistem dapat berasal dari output sub sistem yang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Masukan Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sesuatu yangdimasukkan dalam sistem sehingga sistem dapat melakukan proses.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Input,merupakan bagian dari sistem yang bertugas untuk menerima data masukan, dimanadata dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Asal masukan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Frekuensi pemasukandata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis pemasukandata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Keluaran Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hasil dariinputan yang telah dimanipulasi menjadi bentuk yang berbeda. Output, merupakankeluaran atau tujuan akhir dari sistem output dapat berupa :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo49; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Laporan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo49; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Grafik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengolah Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mekanismemanipulasi yang disebabkan dari masukan dengan menggunakan model atau metodetertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Proses,merupakan bagian yang memproses masukan data menjadi informasi sesuai dengankeinginan penerima :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Klasifikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Peringkasan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pencaharian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sasaran Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sesuatu yangdapat dicapai dari perpaduan input, proses, dan output yang berupa sasaran(objective) atau tujuan (goal). Tujuan, merupakan tujuan dari sistem tersebutyang dapat berupa :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tujuan usaha<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kebutuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Prosedur pencapaiantujuan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrol, merupakanpengawas dari pelaksanaan pencapaian tujuan sistem, yang dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrol pemasukandata (input)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrol pengeluarandata (output)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrolpengoperasian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><!--[endif]--> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">I P O<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><!--[if !mso]--></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:group coordorigin="2850,9435" coordsize="5415,2355" id="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 117.75pt; left: 0; margin-left: 99.75pt; margin-top: 2.85pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 270.75pt; z-index: 18;"> <v:oval id="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 2355; left: 2850; position: absolute; top: 9435; width: 2415;"> <v:oval id="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 1305; left: 6825; position: absolute; top: 9825; width: 1440;"> <v:textbox> <!--[if !mso]--> <!--[endif]--></v:textbox> </v:oval><v:oval id="_x0000_s1029" style="height: 720; left: 3750; position: absolute; top: 9615; width: 750;"> <v:oval id="_x0000_s1030" style="height: 720; left: 3150; position: absolute; top: 10575; width: 750;"> <v:oval id="_x0000_s1031" style="height: 720; left: 4200; position: absolute; top: 10545; width: 750;"> <v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t32" o:oned="t" o:spt="32" path="m,l21600,21600e"> <v:path arrowok="t" fillok="f" o:connecttype="none"> <o:lock shapetype="t" v:ext="edit"> </o:lock></v:path></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1032" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: y; 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left: 3944; position: absolute; rotation: 38615728fd; top: 10755; width: 223;"> <v:shape id="_x0000_s1038" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: y; height: 210; left: 3750; position: absolute; top: 10335; width: 150;" type="#_x0000_t32"> <v:stroke endarrow="block"> </v:stroke></v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1039" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: x; height: 177; left: 3677; position: absolute; top: 10463; width: 127;" type="#_x0000_t32"> <v:stroke endarrow="block"> </v:stroke></v:shape></v:group><v:group coordorigin="3677,10335" coordsize="223,305" id="_x0000_s1040" style="height: 305; left: 4341; position: absolute; rotation: -4154562fd; top: 10252; width: 223;"> <v:shape id="_x0000_s1041" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: y; height: 210; left: 3750; position: absolute; top: 10335; width: 150;" type="#_x0000_t32"> <v:stroke endarrow="block"> </v:stroke></v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1042" o:connectortype="straight" style="flip: x; height: 177; left: 3677; position: absolute; top: 10463; width: 127;" type="#_x0000_t32"> <v:stroke endarrow="block"> </v:stroke></v:shape></v:group></v:oval></v:oval></v:oval></v:oval></v:group><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sumber : Sucipto (2011:5)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 2.1 Karakteristik Suatu Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KlasifikasiSistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSutabri (2012:22), sistem merupakan suatu bentuk integrasi antara satu komponendengan komponen lainnya karena sistem memiliki sasaranyang berbeda untuk setiapkasus yang terjadi yang ada di dalam sistem tersebut. Oleh karena itu, sistemdapat diklasifikasikan dari beberapa sudut pandang, diantaranya:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Abstrak danSistem Fisik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem abst</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ak adalah sistem yangberupa pemikiran atau ide-ide yang tidak tampak secara fisik, misalnya sistemteologia, yaitu sistem yang berupa pemikiran hubungan antara manusia denganTuhan, sedangkan sistem fisik merupakan sistem yang ada secara fisik, misalnyasistem komputer, sistem produksi, sistem penjualan, sistem administrasipersonalia, dan lain sebagainya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Alamiah danSistem Buatan Manusia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem alamiah adalahsistem yang terjadi melalui proses alam, tidak dibuat oleh manusia, misalnyasistem perputaran bumi, terjadinya siang malam, dan pergantian musim. Sedangkansistem buatn manusia merupakan sistemyang melibatkan interaksi manusia denganmesin yang disebut <i>human machine sistem</i>.Sistem informasi berbasis komputer merupakan contoh <i>human machine</i> sistem karena menyangkut penggunaan komputer yangberinteraksi dengan manusia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Determinasi danSistem Probabilistik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem yang berint</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">e</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ksi dengan tingkah lakuyang dapat diprediksi disebut sistem <i>deterministic</i>.Sistem komputer adalah contoh dari sistem yang tingkah lakuny</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> dapat dipastikanberdasarkan program-program komputer yang dijalankan. Sedangkan sistem yangbersifat probabilistik adalah sistem yang kondisi masa depannya tidak dapatdiprediksi karena mengandung unsur <i>probabilistic</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Tertutup danSistem Terbuka<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem tertutupmerupakan sistem yang tidak berhubungan dan tidak terpengaruh oleh lingkung</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">n luarnya. Sistem inibekerja secara otomatis tanpa campur tangan pihak luar. Sedangkan sistem tebukaadalah sistem yang berhubungan dan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan luarnya. Sistemini menerima masukan dan menghasilkan keluaran untuk subsistem lainnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level3 lfo42; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Flowchart<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Flowchart <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Adelia dan Jimmy Setiawan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"> (2011:116),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">“Flowchart adalah penggambaran secara grafik darilangkah-langkah dan urutan-urutan prosedur dari suatu program”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Sulindawati dan Muhammad Fathoni (2010:8), “Flowchart adalah penggambaran </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">secara grafik dari langkah-langkah dau urutan-urutan prosedur darisuatu <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">program”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Daripendapat yang dikemukakan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Flowchart adalah bentuk gambar atau diagram yangmempunyai aliran satu atau </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">duaarah secara sekuensial.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Flowchart biasanya mempermudah penyelesaian suatu masalah </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">khususnyamasalah yang perlu dipelajari dan di evaluasi lebih lanjut. Bila </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">seorang analisi dan programmer akan membuatflowchart, ada beberapa </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">petunjukyang harus diperhatikan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Cara Membuat Flowchart <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada beberapa petunjuk dalam pembuatan Flowchart </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSulindawati dan Muhammad Fathoni </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;"> (2010:8): <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level7 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Flowchart digambarkan dari halaman atas ke bawah dan kiri ke kanan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Aktifitas yang digambarkan harus didefinisikan secara hati-hati dandefinisi ini harus dapat dimengerti oleh pembacanya. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kapan aktifitas dimulai dan berakhir harus ditentukan secara jelas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Setiap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">langkah dari aktivitas harus diuraikan dengan menggunakan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">deskripsi kata kerja. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Setiap langkah dari aktifitas harus berada pada urutan yang benar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lingkup dan range dari aktifitas yang sedang digambarkan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">harus </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">ditelusuri dengan hati-hati. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Gunakan s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">mbol-simbol flowchart yang standar. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l26 level2 lfo29; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Jenis-Jenis Flowchart <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada lima macam flowchartatau bagan alir yang akan dibahas, yaitu <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">sebagaiberikut: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l51 level2 lfo30; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas> <v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f"> <o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_s1064" style="height: 221.85pt; left: 0; margin-left: 71.85pt; margin-top: 101.35pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 314.55pt; z-index: 14;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.emz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan bagan yang menunjukkan alur kerjaatau apa yang sedang </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">dikerjakandi dalam system secara keseluruhan dan menjelaskan urutan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">dari prosedur-prosedur yang ada dalam sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.2. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Sistem</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l38 level2 lfo31; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Dokumen <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1063" style="height: 186pt; left: 0; margin-left: 105.6pt; margin-top: 77.1pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 230.25pt; z-index: 2;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.emz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menelusuri alur dari data yang ditulismelalui sistem. Fungsi utamanya </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">untuk menelusuri alur form dan laporan sistem dari satu bagian ke </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">bagian yang lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Gambar 2.</span></b><b>3</b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Bagan Alir Dokumen</span></b><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l53 level2 lfo32; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Skematik <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1062" style="height: 213.75pt; left: 0; margin-left: 93.6pt; margin-top: 46.6pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 291pt; z-index: 15;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">Mirip dengan Flowchart sistem yangmenggambarkan suatu sistem atau prosedur. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Gambar2.</span></b><b>4<span lang="EN-US">. <span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">Bagan AlirSkematik </span></span></b><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo33; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Program <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="FlowchartExample.png" id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_s1061" style="height: 343.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 101.05pt; margin-top: 47.05pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 189.75pt; z-index: -23;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="FlowchartExample" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan keterangan yang lebih rinci tentang bagaimana setiap </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">langkah programatau prosedur yang dilaksanakan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 126.4pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.5. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Bagan Alir Program <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo34; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Proses <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakanteknik penggambaran rekayasa </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">industrialyang memecah dan menganalisis</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">langkah selanjutnya dari sebuah sistem. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 126.4pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><v:shape alt="al2.png" id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_s1060" style="height: 202.5pt; margin-left: 32.85pt; margin-top: -22.8pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 339pt; z-index: 3;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="al2" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 149.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.6. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Bagan Alir Proses <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level3 lfo42; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar Black Box</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 13.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level7 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Black Box <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Siddiq (2012:4), “Pengujian <i>black box</i> adalah pengujian aspekfundamental sistem tanpa memperhatikanstruktur logika internal </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">perangkat lunak. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">perangkat lunak berfungsi dengan benar. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Budiman </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">(2012:4) Pengujian <i>black box</i> merupakan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">metode perancangan data uji yang didasarkanpada spesifikasi perangkat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">lunak. Data uji dibangkitkan, dieksekusi pada perangkat lunak dan kemudian keluaran dariperangkat lunak diuji apakah telah sesuai dengan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">yang diharapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari kedua definisi di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">pengujian Black Box digunakan untuk mengujisistem dari segi user yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">dititik beratkan pada pengujian kinerja, spesifikasi dan antarmukasistem </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">tersebuttanpa menguji kode program yang ada.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Berbeda dengan <i>white Box</i>, <i>Black Box</i>Testing tidak membutuhkan pengetahuan mengenai, alur internal (internal path), struktur atau </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">implementasi dari <i>softwareunder test</i> (SUT). Karena itu uji coba <i>Black<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Box</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> memungkinkan pengembang software untuk membuat himpunan </span>kondisi input yangakan melatih seluruh syarat-syarat fungsional suatu <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">program. </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji coba <i>BlackBox</i> bukan merupakan alternatif dari uji coba white </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Box, tetapi merupakan pendekatan yang melengkapi untuk menemukankesalahan lainnya, selain menggunakan metode <i>white Box</i>. <i>Black Box</i> Testing dapat dilakukan padasetiap level pembangunan sistem. Mulai dari <i>unit,integration, system,</i> dan <i>acceptance.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji coba <i>Black Box</i>berusaha untuk menemukan kesalahan dalam beberapa kategori, diantaranya: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Fungsi-fungsiyang salah atau hilang <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesalahaninterface <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesalahandalam struktur data atau akses database eksternal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesalahanperforma <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kesalahaninisialisasi dan terminasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tidak seperti metode <i>whiteBox</i> yang dilaksanakan diawal proses, uji coba <i>Black Box </i>diaplikasikan dibeberapa tahapan berikutnya. Karena ujicoba <i>Black Box</i> dengan sengajamengabaikan struktur kontrol, sehingga perhatiannya difokuskan pada informasidomain. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji coba didesain untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan pertanyaanberikut:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimanavaliditas fungsionalnya diuji? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jenis inputseperti apa yang akan menghasilkan kasus uji yang baik? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Apakahsistem secara khusus sensitif terhadap nilai input tertentu? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimanabatasan-batasan kelas data diisolasi? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Beraparasio data dan jumlah data yang dapat ditoleransi oleh sistem? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Apa akibatyang akan timbul dari kombinasi spesifik data pada operasi sistem?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sehingga dalam uji coba <i>Black Box</i> harus melewati beberapa proses sebagaiberikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level5 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menganalisiskebutuhan dan spesifikasi dari perangkat lunak. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemilihanjenis input yang memungkinkan menghasilkan output benar serta jenis input yang memungkinkan output salah pada perangkat lunak yang sedang diuji. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukanoutput untuk suatu jenis input. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengujiandilakukan dengan input-input yang telah benar-benar diseleksi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Melakukanpengujian. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pembandingan output yang dihasilkan dengan output yang diharapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukanfungsionalitas yang seharusnya ada pada perangkat lunak yang sedang diuji.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo38; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode Pengujian Dalam Black Box <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada beberapa macam metode pengujian <i>Black Box</i>, berikut diantaranya: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Equivalence Partioning <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Equivalence Partioning</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan metode uji coba <i>Black Box</i> yang membagi domain input dari program menjadi beberapakelas data dari kasus uji coba yang dihasilkan. Kasus uji penanganan singleyang ideal menemukan sejumlah kesalahan (misalnya: kesalahan pemrosesan dariseluruh data karakter) yang merupakan syarat lain dari suatu kasus yangdieksekusi sebelum kesalahan umum diamati.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Boundary Value Analysis <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Sejumlah besar kesalahan cenderung terjadidalam batasan domain <i>input</i> dari padanilai tengah. Untuk alasan ini <i>boundaryvalue analysis</i> (BVA) dibuat sebagai teknik uji coba. BVA mengarahkan pada pemilihan kasus uji yang melatihnilai-nilai batas. BVA merupakan desain teknik kasus uji yang melengkapi <i>Equivalence partitioning</i>. Dari padamemfokuskan hanya pada kondisi input, BVA juga menghasilkan kasus uji daridomain output.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Cause-Effect Graphing Techniques <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Cause-Effect Graphing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan desain teknik kasus uji coba yang menyediakan representasisingkat mengenai kondisi logikal dan aksi yang berhubungan. Tekniknya mengikuti4 tahapan berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Causes</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> (kondisi <i>input</i>), dan <i>Effects</i>(aksi) didaftarkan untuk modul dan identifier yang dtujukan untukmasing-masing. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Pembuatan grafik <i>Causes-Effectgraph</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Grafik dikonversikan kedalam tabel keputusan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Aturan tabel keputusan dikonversikan kedalam kasus uji<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Comparison Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam beberapa situasi (seperti: <i>aircraftavionic, nuclear Power plant control</i>) dimana keandalan suatu <i>software</i> amat kritis, beberapa aplikasisering menggunakan <i>software</i> dan <i>hardware</i> ganda (<i>redundant</i>). Ketika software redundant dibuat, tim pengembangan software lainnya membangun versi <i>independent </i>dari aplikasi dengan menggunakan spesifikasi yang sama.Setiap versi dapat diuji dengan data uji yang sama untuk memastikan seluruhnyamenyediakan <i>output</i> yang sama.Kemudian seluruh versi dieksekusi secara parallel dengan perbandingan hasil <i>real-time </i>untuk memastikan konsistensi.Dianjurkan bahwa versi <i>independent</i>suatu <i>software </i>untuk aplikasi yangamat kritis harus dibuat, walaupun nantinya hanya satu versi saja yang akan digunakan dalam sistem. Versi <i>independent</i>ini merupakan basis dari teknik <i>Black BoxTesting</i> yang disebut <i>ComparisonTesting</i> atau <i>back-to-back Testing</i>.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Sample and Robustness Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo41; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Sample Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Melibatkan beberapa nilai yang terpilih darisebuah kelas ek</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">u</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">ivalen, seperti Mengintegrasikan nilai pada kasus uji. Nilai-nilai yang terpilih mungkin dipilih dengan urutan tertentu atau intervaltertentu <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo41; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Robustness Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengujian ketahanan (<i>Robustness Testing</i>) adalahmetodologi jaminan mutu difokuskan pada pengujian ketahanan perangkat lunak. Pengujian ketahanan juga digunakan untuk menggambarkanproses verifikasi kekokohan (yaitu kebenaran) kasus uji dalam proses pengujian. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Behavior Testing dan Performance Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Behavior Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Hasil uji tidak dapat dievaluasi jika hanyamelakukan pengujian sekali, tapi dapat dievaluasi jika pengujian dilakukanbeberapa kali, misalnya pada pengujian struktur <i>data stack</i>.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Performance Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan program untuk beroperasi dengan benar dipandang dari sisi acuan kebutuhan. Misalnya: aliran data, ukuran pemakaian memori, kecepatan eksekusi, dll.Selain itu juga digunakan untuk mencari tahu beban kerja atau kondisi konfigurasi program. Spesifikasi mengenai performansididefinisikan pada saat tahap spesifikasi atau desain. Dapat digunakan untukmenguji batasan lingkungan program.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 13.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Requirement Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Spesifikasi kebutuhan yang terasosiasi dengan perangkat lunak</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(<i>input/output</i>/fungsi/performansi)diidentifikasi pada tahapspesifikasi <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">kebutuhan dan desain. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .95pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Requirement Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">melibatkan pembuatan kasus uji untuk setiap <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">spesifikasikebutuhan yang terkait dengan program <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt 14.0cm; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk memfasilitasinya, setiap spesifikasi kebutuhan bisa </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ditelusuri dengan kasus uji dengan menggunakan <i>traceability</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">matrix</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Endurance Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Endurance Testing melibatkan kasus uji yang diulang-ulang dengan jumlah tertentu dengantujuan untuk mengevaluasi program apakah sesuai dengan spesifikasi kebutuhan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Contoh: Untuk menguji keakuratan operasimatematika (<i>floating point, rounding off,</i> dll), untuk menguji manajemen sumberdaya sistem (<i>resources</i>)(pembebasan sumber daya yang tidak benar, dll),</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">input/outputs (jika menggunakan</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">framework</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> untuk memvalidasi bagian input dan output). Spesifikasi kebutuhanpengujian didefinisikan pada tahap spesifikasi kebutuhan atau desain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo38; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Black Box <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam uji coba <i>Black Box</i> terdapat beberapa kelebihan dan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">kelemahan. Berikut adalah keunggulan dan kelemahannya: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 224.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -104.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.1. Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Black Box<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 33.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 518px;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 42.35pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelemahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 3.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 3.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 162.95pt 263.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a) <i>Black Box</i> <i>Testing</i> dapat menguji <br /> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">keseluruhan fungsionalitas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">perangkat lunak.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 162.95pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b) <i>Black Box</i> <i>Testing</i> dapat memilih <br /> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">subset test yang secara efektif dan <br /> efisien dapat menemukan cacat. <br /> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Dengan cara ini <i>Black Box</i> Testing <br /> dapat membantu memaksimalkan <br /> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Testing investment</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0pt; margin-right: 1.7pt; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.55pt; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a) Ketika <i>user</i> melakukan <i>Black <br /> Box Testing</i>, <i>user</i> tidak akan <br /> pernah yakin apakah perangkat <br /> lunak yang diuji telah benar-<br /> <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">benar lolos pengujian. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br /></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level3 lfo42; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.1.4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar Prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level7 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Simarmata (2010:64),” Prototipeadalah perubahan cepat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">di dalam perancangan dan pembangunan prototype.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pendapat yang dikemukakan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">prototype adalah proses pembuatan model produkdalam perancangan. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level8 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe Jenis I <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe jenis I sesungguhnya akan menjadi sistem operasional. Pendekatan ini hanya mungkin jika peralatan <i>prototyping</i> memungkinkan prototipe memuat semua elemen penting dari sistem baru. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Langkah-langkah pengembangan prototipe jenisI adalah sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan pemakai. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengembangkan prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukan apakah prototipe dapat diterima <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menggunakan prototype<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level2 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe Jenis II <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe jenis II merupakan suatu modelyang dapat dibuang yang berfungsi sebagai alat cetak biru bagi sistem operasional. Pendekatan ini dilakukan jikaprototipe tersebut hanya dimaksudkan untuk tampilan seperti sistem operasional dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk memuat semua elemen penting. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Tiga langkah pertama dalam pengembanganprototipe jenis II sama seperti untuk prototipe jenis I. Langkah-langkahselanjutnya adalah sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengkodekan sistem operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menguji sistem operasional <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukan jika sistem operasional dapat diterima <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menggunakan sistem operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 126.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1059" style="height: 238.6pt; margin-left: 50.05pt; margin-top: -16.75pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 369.4pt; z-index: 4;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.emz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Sulindawati dan Muhammad Fathoni di dalam Jurnal </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">SAINTIKOM (2010:8)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.7. Metode Prototipe<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 3.0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSasankar dan Vinay Chavan di dalam jurnal <i>InternationalJournal of Computer Science & Technology</i> (2011:139) Terdapat tiga pendekatan utamaprototyping, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">THROW-AWAY <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototypedibuat dan dites. Pengalaman yang diperoleh dari pembuatan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">prototype digunakan untuk membuat produk akhir (final), kemudian <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">prototype tersebut dibuang (tak dipakai). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">INCREMENTAL <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Produk finalnya dibuatsebagai komponen-komponen yang terpisah. <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Desainproduk finalnya secara keseluruhan haya ada satu tetapi dibagi </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">dalam komonen-komponen lebih kecil yang terpisah(independent). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l59 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">EVOLUTIONARY <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Padametode ini, prototipenya tidak dibuang tetapi digunakan untuk literasi desain berikutnya. Dalam hal ini,sistem atau produk yang </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">sebenarnya dipandang sebagai evolusi dari versi awal yang sangat </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">terbatas menuju produk final atau produkakhir. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan prototyping adalah sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 206.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -78.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel 2.2. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Prototipe<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 510px;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 24.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.6pt;" valign="top" width="283"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelemahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 157.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 157.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt 209.5pt 265.15pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a. Adanya komunikasi yang baik </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">antara pengembang dan user. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt 209.5pt 265.15pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b. Pengembang dapat bekerja lebih <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">baik dalam menentukan kebutuhan user.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -15.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c. User berperan aktif dalam <br /> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -15.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d. Lebih menghemat waktu dalam </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -15.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e. Penerapan menjadi lebih mudah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">karena pemakai mengetahui apa </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">yang diharapkannya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br /></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 157.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.6pt;" valign="top" width="283"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.9pt 61.35pt 106.7pt 146.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.85pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a. User kadang tidak melihat atau </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">menyadari bahwa perangkat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">lunak </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">ada belum mencantumkan kualitas perangkat lunak secara </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">keseluruhan dan juga belum </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">memikirkan kemampuan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">pemeliharaan untuk jangka waktu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">lama.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.9pt 65.2pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.85pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">b. Pengembang biasanya ingin cepat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">menyelesaikan proyek. Sehingga menggunakan algoritma dan <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">bahasa </span>pemrograman yang <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">sederhana untuk membuat</span> prototyping lebih cepat selesai tanpa memikirkan lebih lanjut <br /> bahwa program tersebut hanya <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">merupakan cetak biru sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.9pt 65.2pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.85pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c. Hubungan user dengan computer yang disediakan mungkin tidak mencerminkan teknik perancangan yang baik.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Teori Khusus</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Teori – teori khusus yang digunakanpenulis dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasarmikrokontroller</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">MikrokontrollerATMega 32U4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasarkomponen pasif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar komponenaktif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar komunikasi I2C (<i>Inter Intergrated Circuit</i>)</span></span><span class="fullpost"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasarKomunikasi Modul bluetooth</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Operating systemAndroid</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level3 lfo56; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep Dasar </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DefinisiMikrokontroler<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Malik (2009:1), bahwa“Mikrokontroler adalah sebagai sebuahsistem komputer yang dibangun pada sebuah keping (<i>chip</i>) tunggal”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroler merupakan sebuah <i>processor</i> yang digunakan untukkepentingan kontrol. Meskipun mempunyai bentuk yang jauh lebih kecil dari suatukomputer pribadi dan computer <i>mainframe</i>,mikrokontroler dibangun dari elemen – elemen dasar yang sama. Seperti umumnyakomputer, mikrokontroler adalah alat yang mengerjakan instruksi – instruksiyang diberikan kepadanya. Artinya, bagian terpenting dan utama dari suatusistem terkomputerisasi adalah program itu sendiri yang dibuat oleh seorangprogrammer. Program ini menginstruksikan komputer untuk melakukan tugas yanglebih kompleks yang diinginkan oleh programmer. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KarakteristikMikrokontroller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Malik (2009:2),karakteristik mikrokontroler mempunyai beberapa komponen-komponen yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">CPU (<i>CentralProcesing Unit</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RAM (<i>ReadOnly Memory</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">I/O (<i>Input/Output</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun ketiga komponen tersebutsecara bersama-sama membentuk sistem komputer dasar. Beberapa mikrokontrolermemiliki tambahan komponen lain, misalnya ADC (<i>Analog Digital Converter</i>), <i>Timer/Counter</i>,dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KlasifikasiMikrokontroller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Malik (2009:3), bahwaBeberapa fitur yang dapat diklasifikasi pada umumnya ada di dalammikrokontroler adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RAM(Random Access Memory) <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RAM digunakan oleh mikrokontroler untuk tempatpenyimpanan <i>variabel</i>. Memori inibersifat <i>volatile</i> yang berarti akankehilangan semua datanya jika tidak mendapatkan catu daya. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ROM(Read Only Memory) <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ROM seringkali disebut sebagai kode memori karenaberfungsi untuk tempat penyimpanan program yang akan diberikan oleh <i>user</i>. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Register<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan tempat penyimpanan nilai–nilai yang akan digunakan dalam prosesyang telah disediakan oleh mikrokontroler. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SpecialFunction Register <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan register khusus yang berfungsi untukmengatur jalannya mikrokontroler. Register ini terletak pada RAM. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Inputdan Output Pin <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pin <i>input</i>adalah bagian yang berfungsi sebagai penerima signal dari luar, pin ini dapatdihubungkan ke berbagai media <i>input</i>seperti <i>keypad</i>, sensor, dansebagainya. Pin output adalah bagian yang berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan signaldari hasil proses algoritma mikrokontroler. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Interrupt<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Interrupt</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">bagian dari mikrokontroler yang berfungsi sebagai bagian yang dapat melakukaninterupsi, sehingga ketika program utama sedang berjalan, program utamatersebut dapat diinterupsi dan menjalankan program interupsi terlebihdahulu. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level3 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MikrokontrollerATMega32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Datasheet</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">, ”ATMega32</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U4</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> merupakan mikrokontroler keluarga AVR 8 bit. Beberapatipe mikrokontroler yang sama dengan ATMega</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">32U4</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> ini antara lain ATMega8535, ATMega16,</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ATMega328,yang membedakan antara mikrokontroler antara lain adalah, ukuran memori,banyaknya GPIO (pin <i>input</i>/output), <i>peripherial</i> (USART, <i>timer,counter,</i> dll).”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dari segi ukuran fisik, ATMega32</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">hanya </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">memilikiukuran fisik </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tipe <i>QFN/TQFP (Quad Flat No Lead Package/Thin Quad Flat Package)</i> berbedadengan mikrokontroller lainnya yang memiliki ukuran fisik jenis <i>PDIP (Plastic Dual In Line Package)</i>,</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroller ini memilikibeberapa fitur antara lain : </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">135 macam instruksi yang hampir semuanyadieksekusi dalam satu siklus <i>clock</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 x 8-bit register serba guna. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kecepatan mencapai 16 MIPS dengan <i>clock</i> 16 MHz. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 KB <i>flash</i> memory dan pada arduinomemiliki <i>bootloader</i> yang menggunakan2 KB dari <i>flash</i> memori sebagai <i>bootloader</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memiliki EEPROM (<i>Electrically ErasableProgrammable Read Only Memory</i>) sebesar 1KB sebagai tempat penyimpanan datasemi <i>permanent</i> karena EEPROM tetapdapat menyimpan data meskipun catu daya dimatikan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memiliki SRAM (<i>Static Random Access Memory</i>)sebesar 2.5 KB. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memiliki pin I/O digital sebanyak 32 pin6 diantaranya PWM (<i>Pulse Width Modulation</i>)<i>output</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Master/ Slave</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> SPI Serial<i>interface</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MikrokontrolerATMega32</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> memiliki arsitekturHarvard, yaitu memisahkan memori untuk kode program dan memori untuk datasehingga dapat memaksimalkan kerja dan <i>paralelisme</i>.Instruksi – instruksi dalam memori program dieksekusi dalam satu alur tunggal,dimana pada saat satu instruksi dikerjakan instruksi berikutnya sudah diambildari memori program. Konsep inilah yang memungkinkan instruksi – instruksidapat dieksekusi dalam setiap satu siklus <i>clock</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 x 8-bit register serba guna digunakan untuk mendukung operasi padaALU (<i>Arithmatic Logic unit</i>) yangdapat dilakukan dalam satu siklus. 6 dari register serbaguna ini dapatdigunakan sebagai 3 buah register <i>pointer</i>16-bit pada mode pengalamatan tak langsung untuk mengambil data pada ruangmemori data. Ketiga register <i>pointer</i>16-bit ini disebut dengan register X ( gabungan R26 dan R27 ), register Y (gabungan R28 dan R29 ), dan register Z ( gabungan R30 dan R31 ). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hampir semua instruksi AVR memilikiformat 16-bit. Setiap alamat memori program terdiri dari instruksi 16-bit atau32-bit. Selain register serba guna di atas, terdapat register lain yangterpetakan dengan teknik memorymapped I/O selebar 64 byte. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Beberapa register inidigunakan untuk fungsi khusus antaralain sebagai register <i>Control Timer</i>/ <i>Counter,</i> <i>Interupsi</i>, ADC, USART, SPI, EEPROM, dan fungsi I/O lainnya. Berikut ini adalah tampilan arsitektur ATmega32U4 :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1058" style="height: 273.75pt; left: 0; margin-left: 90.6pt; margin-top: -11.25pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 264.85pt; z-index: 21;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.8. </span></b><b><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DA;">Arsitektur</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ATMega32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><v:shape alt="gambar atmega32u4.png" id="_x0000_s1057" style="height: 220.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 117.6pt; margin-top: 24.95pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 238.2pt; z-index: 20;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="gambar atmega32u4" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(Sumber: Data sheetMicrocontroler ATMega32U4 : 8)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -1.1pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.9. Konfigurasi PIN ATMega32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -1.1pt;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">(Sumber </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">:Data sheet Microcontroler ATMega32U4 : 8 </span></b><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Datasheet,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ATMega32U4memiliki 5 buah PORT utama yaitu PORT B, PORT C, PORT D, PORT E, dan PORT Fdengan total pin <i>input/output</i>sebanyak 26 pin. PORT tersebut dapat difungsikan sebagai <i>input/output</i> digital atau difungsikan sebagai periperial lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.3. PORT B pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" valign="top" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" valign="top" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC0A/OC1C/PCINT7/RTS (Output Compare and PWM Output A for<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter0, Output Compare and PWM Output C for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 7 or UART flow control RTS signal)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 265.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC1B/PCINT6/OC.4B/ADC13 (Output Compare and PWM Output B for Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 6 or Timer 4 Output Compare B / PWM</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 13)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC1A/PCINT5/OC.4B/ADC12 (Output Compare and PWM Output A for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 5 or Timer 4 Complementary Output</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Compare B / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 12<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 59.1pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PCINT4/ADC11 (Pin Change Interrupt 4 or Analog to Digital Converter channel 11<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PDO/MISO/PCINT3 (Programming Data Output or SPI Bus Master Input/Slave Output or Pin Change Interrupt 3)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PDI/MOSI/PCINT2 (Programming Data Input or SPI Bus Master Output/Slave Input</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">or Pin Change Interrupt 2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" valign="bottom" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">SCK/PCINT1 (SPI Bus Serial Clock or Pin Change Interrupt 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">SS/PCINT0 (SPI Slave Select input or Pin Change Interrupt 0)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.4. PORT C pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" valign="top" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" valign="top" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ICP3/CLKO/OC4A(Input Capture Timer 3 or CLK0 (Divided <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">System Clock) or Output Compare and direct PWM output A <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">for Timer 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" valign="top" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC.3A/OC4A (Output Compare and PWM output A for <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter3 or Output Compare and complementary <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PWM output A for Timer 4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" width="415"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.5. PORT D pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">T0/OC.4D/ADC10 (Timer/Counter0 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output Compare D / </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 10<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">T1/OC.4D/ADC9 (Timer/Counter1 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Complementary Compare D / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 9)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">XCK1/CTS (USART1 External Clock Input/Output or UART flow control CTS signal<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">I</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">CP1/ADC8 (Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Trigger or Analog to Digital</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Converter channel 8)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT3/TXD1 (External Interrupt3 Input or USART1 Transmit Pin)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT2/RXD1 (External Interrupt2 Input or USART1 Receive Pin)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT1/SDA (External Interrupt1 Input or TWI Serial DAta)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT0/SCL/OC0B (External Interrupt0 Input or TWI Serial CLock or Output Compare for Timer/Counter0)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.6. PORT E pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT6/AIN0 (External Interrupt 6 Input or Analog Comparator Positive Input)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HWB (Hardware bootloader activation)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.7. PORT F pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC7/TDI (ADC input channel 7 or JTAG Test Data Input)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC6/TDO (ADC input channel 6 or JTAG Test Data Output)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC5/TMS (ADC input channel 5 or JTAG Test Mode Select)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC4/TCK (ADC input channel 4 or JTAG Test ClocK)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC1 (ADC input channel 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC0 (ADC input channel 0)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Komponen Pasif <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:10) bahwa “Komponen pasif adalah komponen-komponen elektronika yangapabila dialiri aliran listrik tidak menghasilkan tenaga seperti: perubahantegangan, pembalikan fasa, penguatan dan lain-lain”. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:10), Ada beberapa komponen yang termasuk dalam komponen pasif diantaranya adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistor atau Tahanan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.3.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar Resistor <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:10), bahwa “Resistor adalah tahanan atau hambatan arus listrik”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutBudiharto (2009:1), “Salah satu komponen elektronika yang berfungsi untukmemberikan hambatan terhadap aliran arus listrik”</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pengertiandi atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Resistor adalah Komponenelektronika yang berfungsi memberikan tahanan atau hambatan arus listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistordigunakan sebagai bagian dari jejaring elektronik dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuit_elektronik" title="Sirkuit elektronik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sirkuit elektronik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, dan merupakan salahsatu komponen yang paling sering digunakan. Resistor dapat dibuat daribermacam-macam kompon dan film, bahkan kawat resistansi (kawat yang dibuat daripaduan resistivitas tinggi seperti</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">nikel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kromium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Resistor 1" id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_s1056" style="height: 60.75pt; left: 0; margin-left: 189.6pt; margin-top: 6.2pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 58.5pt; z-index: 7;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="Resistor 1" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:12)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.10. Resistor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Karakteristikutama dari resisitor adalah resisitansinya dan daya listrik yang dapatdihantarkan. Karakteristik lain termasuk koefisien suhu, listrik daninduktansi. Resistor dapat diintegrasikan kedalam sirkuit hibrida dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papan_sirkuit_cetak" title="Papan sirkuit cetak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">papan sirkuit cetak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, bahkan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuit_terpadu" title="Sirkuit terpadu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sirkuit terpadu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.Ukuran dan letak kaki bergantung pada desain sirkuit, kebutuhan daya resistorharus cukup dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan arus rangkaian agar tidakterbakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Skema Warna Cincin Resistor" id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_s1055" style="height: 229.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-top: 16.2pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 311.7pt; z-index: 8;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="Skema Warna Cincin Resistor" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber : Rusmadi (2009:13)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.11. <i>Skema Warna Resistor</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">Satuan dari Resistor merupakan <span lang="EN-US">Ohm (simbol: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9" title="Ω">Ω</a> adalah satuan SI untuk resistansi listrik, diambil dari namaGeorg</span>e<span lang="EN-US"> Ohm.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Nilaisatuan terbesar yang digunakan untuk menentukan besarnya nilai resistor adalah:</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">1 MegaOhm (MΩ) = 1.000.000 Ohm.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">1 kiloOhm (KΩ) = 1.000 Ohm.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:11), dalam bidang elektronika, Resistor dapat di bagi menjadi 2yaitu:</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistor Tetap<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutRusmadi (2009:11), bahwa “Resistor Tetap adalah resistor yang nilainyabesaranyan sudah ditetepkan oleh pabrik pembuatannya dan tidak dapat diubah-ubah”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistormemiliki nilai resistansi, sebagai nilainya ada yang dicantumkan langsung padabadannya dan sebagian lagi karena bentukfisiknya kecil. Menurut Rusmadi(2009:15), Resistor dibagi menjadi 6 yaitu: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Kawat </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Resistorkawat ini adalah jenis resistor pertama yang lahir pada generasi pertama padawaktu rangkaian elektronika masih mengguanakan Tabung Hampa <i>(Vacuum Tube). </i>Bentuknya bervariasi danfisik agak besar. Resisistor ini biasanya banyak digunakan dalam rangkaian dayakarena memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi yaitu disipasi terhadap panas yangtinggi.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Batang Karbon (Arang)</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Padaawalnya resistor ini dibuat dari bahan karbon kasar yang diberi lilitan kawatyang kemudian diberi tanda dengan kode warna berbentuk gelang dan untuk pembacaanyadapat dilihat pada tabe</span>l<span lang="EN-US"> kode warna.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Keramik atau Porselin </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Denganadanya perkembangan teknologi elektronika, saat ini telah dikembangkan jenisresistor yang dibuat dari bahan keramik atau porselin. Jenis resistor inibanyak dipergunakan dalam rangkaian-rangkaian modern seperti sekarang inikarena bentuk fisiknya kecil dan memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi. Di pasarankita akan menjumpai resisitor jenis ini dengan ukuran bervariasi mulai dari 1/4Watt, 1/3 Watt, ½ Watt, 1 Watt dan 2 Watt.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Film Karbon</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Sejalandengan perkembangan teknologi para produsen komponen elektronika telahmemunculkan jenis resistor yang dibuat dari bahan karbon dan dilapisi denganbahan film yang berfungsi sebagai pelindung terhadap pengaruh luar. Nilairesistansinya dicantumkan dalam bentuk kode warna seperti pada Resistor Karbon.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Film Metal</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">ResistorFilm Metal dibuat dengan bentuk hamir menyerupai resistor film karbon danmemiliki keadalan dan stabilitas yang tinggi dan tahan terhadap perubahantemperatur.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Tipe Film Tebal</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Resistorjenis ini bentuknya merip dengan resistor film metal, namun resistor inidirancang khusus agar memiliki kehandalan yang tinggi. Sebagai contoh sebuahresistor film tebal dengan <i>rating </i>daya2 Watt saja sudah mampu untuk dipakai menahan beban tegangan di atas satuanKilo Volt.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Tidak Tetap<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:16), bahwa “Resistor Tidak Tetap adalah Resistor yang nilairesistansinya (tahananya) dapat dirubah-rubah sesuai dengan keperluan danperubahannya dapat dilakukan dengan jalan mengeser atau memutar pengaturnya”.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:16), bahwa Resistor Tidak Tetap dibagi menjadi 8 yaitu:</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Potensiometer</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Potensiometer adalahkomponen pembagi tegangan yang dapat disetel sesuai dengan keinginan. Bentukfisik dari Potensiometer pada umumnya besar dan dibuat dari bahan kawat atauarang (karbon).</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Potensi</span>o<span lang="EN-US">meter Preset </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Potensi</span>o<span lang="EN-US">meter Preset bentuknyasangat kecil danpengaturannya sama dengan Trimpot yaitu dengan menggunakanobeng yang diputar pada bagian lubang coakan.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">NTC dan PTC </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">NTC adalah singakatan dari <i>Negative Temperature Coefficient </i>sedangkanPTC adalah singkatan dari <i>Positive</i> <i>Temperature Coefficient. </i>Sifat darikomponen NTC adalah Resisitor yang nilai tahannya akan menurun apabilatemperature sekelilingnya naik dan sebaliknya komponen PTC adalah Resistor yangnilai tahannya akan bertambah besar apabila temperaturnya turun.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">LDR <i>( Light Dependent Resisitor)</i></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">LDR adalah singkatan dari <i>Light Dependent Resisitor </i>yaituresisitor yang tergantung cahaya, artinya nilai tahannya akan berubah-ubahapabila terkena cahaya dan perubahannya tergantungdari intensitas cahaya yangditerimanya.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">VDR <i>(Volttage Dependent Resistor)</i></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">VDR adalah singkatan dari <i>Volttage Dependent Resistor </i>yaituresistoryang nilai tahannya akan berubah tergantung tegangan yang diterimanya.Sifat dari VDR adalah semakin besar tegangan yang diterimanya maka tahanannyaakan semakin mengecil sehingga arus yang melalui VDR akan bertambah besar.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><h1 style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2.3.2<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p></span></h1><h1 style="margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l12 level7 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutBudiharto (2009:2), “</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kapasitoradalah komponen elektrik yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan muatan listrik”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi (2009:20), bahwa“Kapasitor adalah Komponen elektronika yang mampu menyimpan arus dan teganganlistrik sementara waktu”. Seperti juga halnya resistor, kapasitor adalahtermasuk salah satu komponen pasif yang banyak digunakan dalam membuatrangkaian elektronika.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkanbahwa kapasitor adalah komponenelektronika yang dapat menyimpan muatan arus atau tegangan listrik sementara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam bidang elektronika komponenkapasitor adakalanya disebut kondensator. Kapasitor sendiri berasal dari kata <i>capacitance </i>atau kapasitas yang artinyaadalah kemampuan untuk menyimpan arus listrik (Dalam istilah elektronikadiistilahkan sebagai “Muatan Listrik.”) Jadi kapasitor adalah suatu komonenyang dapat diisi dengan muatan listrik kemudian disimpan untuk sementara waktudan selanjutnya muatan tersebut di kosongakan /dibuang melalui suatu sistematau dihubungkan ke bumi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Polarized kondensator symbol 3.jpg" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Polarized_kondensator_symbol_3.jpg&filetimestamp=20060309192241" id="_x0000_s1054" o:button="t" style="height: 76.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 186.6pt; margin-top: 82.55pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 77.25pt; z-index: 16;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title="Polarized kondensator symbol 3" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image011.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kondensatordiidentikkan mempunyai dua kaki dan dua kutub yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Positif&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Positif (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">positif</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negatif&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Negatif (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">negatif</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> sertamemiliki cairan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">elektrolit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> dan biasanya berbentuk tabung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi(2009:20)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.12 Lambang Kondensator</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sedangkanjenis yang satunya lagi kebanyakan nilai kapasitasnya lebih rendah, tidakmempunyai kutub positif atau negatif pada kakinya, kebanyakan berbentuk bulatpipih berwarna coklat, merah, hijau dan lainnya seperti tablet atau kancingbaju.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><v:shape alt="Capacitor symbol.jpg" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Capacitor_symbol.jpg&filetimestamp=20060309192159" id="Picture_x0020_8" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_s1053" style="height: 59.45pt; left: 0; margin-left: 218.25pt; margin-top: 4.6pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 60.45pt; z-index: 17;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title="Capacitor symbol" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi(2009:20)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.13 Lambang Kapasitor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Namunkebiasaan dan kondisi serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artikulasi" title="Artikulasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">artikulasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bahasa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> setiapnegara tergantung pada masyarakat yang lebih sering menyebutkannya. Kinikebiasaan orang tersebut hanya menyebutkan salah satu nama yang paling dominandigunakan atau lebih sering didengar. Pada masa kini, kondensator seringdisebut kapasitor (<i>capacitor</i>) ataupun sebaliknya yang pada ilmuelektronika disingkat dengan huruf (<b>C</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Satuandari kapasitansi kondensator adalah<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Farad (halaman belum tersedia)">Farad</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(<i>F</i>). Namun Farad adalah satuanyang terlalu besar, sehingga digunakan:</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pikofarad (<v:shape alt="pF" id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" style="height: 13.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 19.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="pF" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image013.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape>) =<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><v:shape alt="1\times10^{-12}\,F" id="Picture_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 14.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 72.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title=",F" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nanofarad (<v:shape alt="nF" id="Picture_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 10.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 20.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="nF" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image015.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape>) =<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><v:shape alt="1\times10^{-9}\,F" id="Picture_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 14.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 67.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title=",F" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Microfarad (<v:shape alt="\mu\,F" id="Picture_x0020_13" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 13.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 22.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title=",F" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image017.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape>) =<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><v:shape alt="1\times10^{-6}\,F" id="Picture_x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 14.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 67.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title=",F" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Satuan Farad adalah satuan yang sangatbesar dan jarang dipergunakan dalam percobaan. Dalam prakteknya biasanyadipergunakan satuan Farad dalam bentuk pecahan seperti berikut ini:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 Farad (F) = 1.000.000 µF(mikroFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 mikroFarad (µF) = 1.000 nF (nanoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 nanoFarad (nF) = 1.000 pF (pikoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: -7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel 2.8 NilaiKapasitansi <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: -7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:21)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 37.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 394px;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td colspan="3" nowrap="" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.25pt;" width="394"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nilai Kapasitansi Padanan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">pF (pikoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">nF (nanoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">µF (mikroFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,001<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,000 001<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,01<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,000 01<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,000 1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,001<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10.000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,01<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100.000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.000.000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1000,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10000,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100 000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 000 000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1000,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada jenis kapasitor lain sepertikapasitor elektrolit yang selain memiliki nilai kapasitas juga memilikiparameter-parametera lain seperti batas tegangan kerja. Batas tegangan kerja <i>(Working Voltage) </i>yaitu batas teganganmaksimum di mana kapasitas tersebut dapat dioperasikan dalam suatu rangaian.Parameter tersebut biasanya dicantumkan langsung pada badan kapasitor. Selaindaripada itu untuk jenis-jenis kapasitor pada umumnya diberi tanda (+) dan (-).Tanda tersebut adalah menyatakan polaritas yang harus dihubungkan dengan catudaya. Dalam pemasanganannya harus diperhatikan baik-baik jangan sampai keduatanda tersebut dipasang terbalik sebab apabiala sampai terbalik akanmengakibatkan kerusakan pada kapasitor tersebut dan bahkan akan merusakrangkaian yang akan dibuat. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l35 level3 lfo55; tab-stops: 49.65pt 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Komponen Aktif<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:33), bahwa “Komponen aktif adalah Komponen yang apabila dialiri aliranlistrik akan menghasilkan sesuatu tenaga baik berbentuk penguatan maupunmengatur aliran listrik yang melaluinya”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi (2009:33), ada beberapa yangtermasuk komponen aktif antara lain adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l47 level2 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l47 level2 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l47 level2 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">IC <i>(IntragatedCircuit)</i><b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.4.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutBudiharto (2009:02), “Piranti semikonduktor yang mengalirkan arus ke satuarah”. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kalau ia dialiri arus AC maka akan berhasil didapatkanarus DC dari arus AC ini. Karenanya pada sifat yang demikian maka dioda bisadigunakan sebagai perata arus yang biasa dipasang di adaptor.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi<span style="color: #c0504d;"> </span>(2009:32), bahwa “Dioda adalah termasuk komponensemikonduktor yang terdiri dari 2 buah elektroda yaitu anoda (bahan P) dankatoda (bahan N)”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Dari pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkanbahwa Dioda adalah piranti semikonduktor yang terdiri dari 2 buah elektrodayaitu anoda (bahan P) dan katoda (bahan N).Komponen elektronika dengan duaterminal, yang terbentuk dari dua jenis semikonduktor, yaitu type P yang biasadisebut dengan anoda dan type N yang biasa disebut dengan katoda, dimanakemudian kedua semikonduktor ini digabungkan. Untuk membuat diode dalam keadaanconduct, diperlukan tegangan biasnya sebesar 0,3 volt untuk dioda dengan bahangermanium atau 0,7 volt untuk dioda dengan bahan silikon.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="dioda" id="Picture_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 112.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 189pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="dioda" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image019.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:33)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.14 Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perlu diketahuibahwa komponen dioda ini pada umumnya hamper selalu dipergunakan dalamrangkaian, terutama pada rangkaian Power Supply. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:34) Fungsi diode dalam suatu rangkaian adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyearah teganganlistrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengaman tegangan listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memblokir tegangan listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.4.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Budiharto (2009:3), bahwa “Transistor adalahmemiliki 3 terminal biasanya dibuat dari bahan silicon atau germanium”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi (2009:42), bahwa “Transistor adalahmerupakan komponen dasar yang paling penting dan banyak dipergunakan dalamsetiap rangkaian”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwaTransistor adalah merupakan komponen dasar yang paling dan banyak digunakanpada setiap rangkaian.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alat_semikonduktor" title="Alat semikonduktor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Alat semikonduktor</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> yang dipakaisebagai penguat, sebagai sirkuit pemutus dan penyambung (switching),stabilisasi tegangan, modulasi sinyal atau sebagai fungsi lainnya. Transistordapat berfungsi semacam kran listrik, dimana berdasarkan arus inputnya (BJT)atau tegangan inputnya (FET), memungkinkan pengaliran listrik yang sangatakurat dari sirkuit sumber listriknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="gh" id="Picture_x0020_18" o:spid="_x0000_s1052" style="height: 132pt; left: 0; margin-left: 168.6pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 132.75pt; z-index: 13;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="gh" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:40)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.15 Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Padaumumnya, transistor memiliki 3 terminal, yaitu Basis (B), Emitor (E) danKolektor (C). Tegangan yang di satu terminalnya misalnya Emitor dapat dipakaiuntuk mengatur arus dan tegangan yang lebih besar daripada arus input Basis,yaitu pada keluaran tegangan dan arus <i>output</i>Kolektor.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistormemiliki 2 dioda yang kutub positif atau kutub negatifnya terhimpit, sertamemiliki terminal, yaitu emitter (E), kolektor (C), dan basis (B). BJT dapatdibagi menjadi dua jenis berikut ini:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 7.05pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">NPN(Negative Positive Negative)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistor NPN terdiri dari 1 lapisansemikondutor tipe-p di antara 2 lapisan semikonduktor tipe-n. Arus kecil yangmemasuki basis pada emitter dikuatkan di keluran kolektor. Dengan kata lain,transistor NPN hidup ketika tegangan basis lebih tinggi dari pada tenganemitter.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Transistor NPN" id="_x0000_s1051" style="height: 86.25pt; left: 0; margin-left: 171.6pt; margin-top: 15.45pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 130.5pt; z-index: 5;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="Transistor NPN" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image021.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 49.65pt;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:41)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.16 <i>SimbolTransistor NPN<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 7.05pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PNP(Positive Negative Positive)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="Transistor PNP" id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1050" style="height: 78pt; left: 0; margin-left: 192.6pt; margin-top: 133.1pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 68.6pt; z-index: 6;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="Transistor PNP" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image022.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TransistorPNP terdiri dari 2 lapisan semikonduktor tipe-n di antara 2 alpisansemikonduktor tipe-p. arus kecil yang meninggalkan basis pada moda tunggalemitter dikuatkan dikeluran kolektor. Dengan kata lain, transistor PNP hidupketika tegangan basis lebih rendah dari pada tegangan emitter. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi(2009:41)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.17 <i>Simbol Transistor PNP</i></span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistor merupakankomponen yang sangat penting dalam dunia elektronik modern. Dalam rangkaiananalog, transistor digunakan dalam amplifier (penguat). Rangkaian analogmelingkupi pengeras suara, sumber listrik stabil (stabilisator) dan penguatsinyal radio. Dalam rangkaian-rangkaian </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital" title="Digital"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">digital</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,transistor digunakan sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saklar" title="Saklar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">saklar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> berkecepatantinggi. Beberapa transistor juga dapat dirangkai sedemikian rupa sehinggaberfungsi sebagai logic gate,memori dan fungsi rangkaian-rangkaian lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l35 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US">2.2.4.3<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Konsep Dasar IC <i>(Integrated Circuit)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:46), bahwa “IC adalah Sebuah rangkaian terpadu”.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Komponen <i>Integrated Circuit</i> dirancang daribeberapa komponen elektronika seperti transistor, dioda, resistor, kapasitor,dan komponen lainya, sehingga menjadi satu kesatuan yang berbentuk <i>chip</i>.</span></div><div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><v:shape alt="ic" id="Picture_x0020_19" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 125.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 225.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata grayscale="t" o:title="ic" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image023.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:46)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Gambar 2.18 IC <i>(IntegratedCircuit)</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:48), ada beberapa keuntungan dari pengguna IC diantaranya ialah:</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Bentuk fisiknya kecil sehinggarangakian jadinya akan kelihatan kecil dan kompak <i>(compo).</i></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Catu daya yang diperlukankecil.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Sistem operasional sangatpraktis dan cepat</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Baik pemasangan maupunpemakaiannya mudah dan praktis.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Harganya relatif murahdibanding dengan menggunakan transistor.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost"><span lang="EN-US">Jenis-jenis IC sangat banyak dan beraneka ragam sesuai dengankebutuhan penggunaannya. Misalnya saja IC analog, digital, penguat audio,penguat RF (Radio Frequency), IC regulator, CMOS. Semuanya memiliki kegunaandan karakteristik sendiri-sendiri yang bisa kita lihat di data</span></span><span class="fullpost">sheet<span lang="EN-US">IC.</span></span><span class="fullpost"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><b>2.2.5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><b>Konsepdasar komunikasi I2C (<i>Inter IntergratedCircuit</i>)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="avr8535-30-728.jpg" id="_x0000_s1049" style="height: 136.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 74.1pt; margin-top: 300pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 281.25pt; z-index: 19;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="avr8535-30-728" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image024.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span class="fullpost">Antarmukaserial 2 kabel (TWI) sangat ideal untuk diterapkan pada aplikasi menggunakanmikrokontroller. Protokol ini mengizinkan desain sistem untuk saling berkoneksisampai 128 piranti yang berlainan menggunakan hanya 2 jalur dua arah, satuuntuk clock (SCL) dan satunya untuk data (SDA). Perangkat keras eksternal yangdibutuhkan untuk mengimplementasikan jaringan ini adalah resistor pull-uptunggal untuk setiap jalur bus TWI. Semua piranti dikoneksikan ke bus tersebutmempunyai alamat mandiri, dan mekanisme pengaturan bus yang kemungkinanbertabrakan dalam protokol TWI akibat memiliki jalur yang sama untuk semuapiranti. Gambar koneksi antarpiranti dalam protokol TWI di tunjukkan padagambar .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span class="fullpost"><b>Gambar 2.19 Diagram koneksi antarpiranti dalamprotokol TWI<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">Terlihat pada gambar desain protokol perangkat kerasnya sangat mendukungfleksibilitas sistem. Saat ini desain sistem elektronik dan komputer dituntutuntuk semakin ringkas dan fleksibel, di mana ukuran fisik IC semakin diperkecildan jumlah pin diminimalkan dengan tetap menjaga fleksibilitas dan kompabilitasIC sehingga mudah untuk digunakan dalam berbagai keperluan desain yang berbeda.Banyak perusahaan semikonduktor yang berusaha mengembangkan cara barukomunikasi antar-IC yang lebih mendukung terhadap keinginan tersebut sebagaialternatif dari hubungan antar-IC secara paralel (parallel bus) yang sudahdikenal luas. Salah satu metode yang telah matang dan dipakai secara luasadalah I2C, singkatan dari Inter Intergrated Circuit bus yang dikembangkan olehPhilips Semiconduktor sejak tahun 1992, dengan konsep dasar komunikasi 2 arahantar-IC dan/atau antar sistem secara serial menggunakan 2 kabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">Setiap IC yang terhubung dalam I2C memiliki alamatyang unik yang dapat diakses secara perangkat keras dengan protokolmaster/slave yag sederhana, dan mampu mengakomodasikan multi-master. I2Cmerupakan bus serial dengan orientasi data 8 bit, komunikasi 2 arah, dengankecepatan transfer data sampai 100Kbit/s pada mode standar dan 3,4 Mbit/s padamode kecepatan tinggi. Jumlah IC yang dapat dihubungkan pada I2C bus hanyadibatasi oleh kapasitas beban pada bus, yaitu maksimum 400pF. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.9pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">Keuntungan yang didapat dengan menggunakan I2Cantara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Meminimalkan jalur hubungan antar-IC<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Menghemat luasan PCB yang dibutuhkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Membuat sistem yang didesain berorientasi software(mudah diekspan dan di upgrade). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Membuat sistem yang didesain menjadi standarsehingga dapat dihubungkan dengan sistem lain yang juga menggunakan bus I2C.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><b>2.2.6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><b>Konsepdasar Komunikasi Modul Bluetooth<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape alt="hc05 skematik.png" id="_x0000_s1048" style="height: 172.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 155.85pt; margin-top: 2.15pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 247.5pt; z-index: 22;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="hc05 skematik" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image025.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><v:shape alt="hc05.png" id="Picture_x0020_0" o:spid="_x0000_s1047" style="height: 152.25pt; left: 0; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-top: 10.4pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 109.5pt; z-index: 23;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="hc05" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image026.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span class="fullpost"><b> </b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost"> <b>(a) (b)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.20. (a)Tampilan Fisik Modul bluetooth HC-05, (b) letak Pin Module bluetooth HC-05<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Dalamperancangan Bluetooth ini, menggunakan modul <i>Bluetooth HC-05. </i>Yang memiliki spesifikasi sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bluetooth protocal: BluetoothSpecification v2.0+EDR<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Modulation: GFSK(Gaussian Frequency ShiftKeying)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Emission power: ≤4dBm, Class 2<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sensitivity: ≤-84dBm at 0.1% BER<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160kbps, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Synchronous: 1Mbps/1Mbps<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Security: Authentication and encryption<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Profiles: Bluetooth serial port<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Power supply: +3.3VDC 50mA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Working temperature: -20 ~ +75 Centigrade<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dimension: 26.9mm x 13mm x 2.2 mm<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Operating </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sy</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">stem</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level4 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.7.1.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sejarah Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Menurut Nazruddin Safaat H (2011:1), “a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">ndroid adalah </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistem operasi</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> yang berbasis </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Linux</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> untuk </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_seluler"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">telepon seluler</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> seperti </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_pintar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">telepon pintar</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> dan </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_tablet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">komputer tablet</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android menyediakan platform terbuka bagi parapengembang untuk menciptakan aplikasi mereka sendiri untuk digunakan olehbermacam peranti bergerak. Awalnya, Google Inc. membeli Android Inc., pendatangbaru yang membuat peranti lunak untuk ponsel. Kemudian untuk mengembangkan Android,dibentuklah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Handset_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Open Handset Alliance</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">,konsorsium dari 34 perusahaan peranti keras, peranti lunak, dan telekomunikasi,termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Google</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">HTC</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Intel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Motorola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcomm"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Qualcomm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobile"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">T-Mobile</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Nvidia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Di dunia ini terdapat dua jenis distributorsistem operasi Android. Pertama yang mendapat dukungan penuh dari Google atau <i>Google Mail Services </i>(GMS) dan keduaadalah yang benar–benar bebas distribusinya tanpa dukungan langsung Google ataudikenal sebagai <i>Open Handset Distribution</i>(OHD).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l29 level4 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.7.2.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">P</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">erkembangan Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Wahana(2012:2) didalam bukunya mengemukakan p</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">erkembanganAndroid dan keunggulannya </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">diantaranya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> sebagai berikut:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android versi 1.1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 9 Maret 2009, Googlemerilis Android versi 1.1. Android versi ini dilengkapi dengan pembaruanestetis pada aplikasi, jam alarm, <i>voice search</i> (pencarian suara),pengiriman pesan dengan Gmail, dan pemberitahuan email. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 1.5(Cupcake)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada pertengahan Mei 2009, Google kembali merilis teleponseluler dengan menggunakan Android dan SDK (<em>Software Development Kit</em>)dengan versi 1.5 (Cupcake). Terdapat beberapa pembaruan termasuk jugapenambahan beberapa fitur dalam seluler versi ini yakni kemampuan merekam danmenonton video dengan modus kamera, mengunggah video ke Youtube dan gambar kePicasa langsung dari telepon, dukungan <em>Bluetooth A2DP</em>,kemampuan terhubung secara otomatis ke <i>headset</i><i>Bluetooth</i>, animasi layar, dan <i>keyboard</i> pada layar yang dapatdisesuaikan dengan sistem.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 1.6 (Donut)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Donut (versi 1.6) dirilis pada September denganmenampilkan proses pencarian yang lebih baik dibanding sebelumnya, penggunaanbaterai indikator dan kontrol applet VPN. Fitur lainnya adalah galeri yangmemungkinkan pengguna untuk memilih foto yang akan dihapus, kamera, camcorderdan galeri yang dintegrasikan, CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x, VPN, gestures, kemampuandial kontak, teknologi <em>text to change speech</em>, pengadaanresolusi VWGA. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 2.1 (Eclair)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 3 Desember 2009 kembali diluncurkan ponsel Android dengan versi 2.0/2.1(Eclair), perubahan yang dilakukan adalah pengoptimalan hardware, peningkatanGoogle Maps 3.1.2, perubahan UI dengan browser baru dan dukungan HTML5, daftarkontak yang baru, dukungan f<i>lash</i> untuk kamera 3,2 MP, digital Zoom, danBluetooth 2.1.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 2.2 (Froyo: <i>Frozen Yogurt</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 20 Mei 2010, Android versi 2.2 rev 1 (Froyo)diluncurkan. Android inilah yang sekarang sangat banyak beredar di pasaran,salah satunya adalah dipakai samsung FX tab yang sudah ada di pasaran, fitur yangtersedia di android versi ini sudah kompleks di antaranya adalah ; <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kerangka aplikasi: itumemungkinkan penggunaan dan penghapusan komponen yang tersedia. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalvik mesin virtual:mesin virtual dioptimalkan untuk perangkat telepon seluler. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Grafik: grafik di 2Ddan grafis 3D berdasarkan pustaka OpenGL. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SQLite: untukpenyimpanan data. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mendukung media: audio,video, dan berbagai format gambar (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">GSM, Bluetooth, EDGE,3G, 4G dan WiFi (tergantung piranti keras) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kamera, <i>Global Positioning System</i> (GPS), kompas,NFC dan <i>accelerometer</i> (tergantungpiranti keras)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 2.3(Gingerbread)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 6Desember 2010, Android versi 2.3 (Gingerbread) diluncurkan. Perubahan-perubahanumum yang didapat dari Android versi ini antara lain peningkatan kemampuanpermainan (gaming), peningkatan fungsi copy paste, layar antar muka (<i>User Interface</i>) didesain ulang, dukunganformat video VP8 dan WebM, efek audio baru (reverb, equalization, headphonevirtualization, dan bass boost), dukungan kemampuan Near Field Communication(NFC), dan dukungan jumlah kamera yang lebih dari satu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 3.0(Honeycomb)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://away.web.id/tablet-android-honeycomb-terbaik-murah/#_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Android Honeycomb</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> dirancang khusus untuk tablet. Android versi ini mendukungukuran layar yang lebih besar. User Interface pada Honeycomb juga berbedakarena sudah didesain untuk tablet. Honeycomb juga mendukung multi prosesor dan juga akselerasi perangkat keras(hardware) untuk grafis. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 4.0 (IceCream Sandwich)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ice Cream Sandwich didesain untuk baik itu teleponataupun tablet. Android ICS menawarkan banyak peningkatan dari apa yg sudah adadi Gingerbread dan Honeycomb dengan pada saat yang sama memberikaninovasi-inovasi baru. Beberapa peningkatan itu antara lain kemampuan copy pasteyang lebih baik, <i>data logging</i> dan <i>warnings</i>, dan kemampuan utk mengambil <i>screenshot</i> dengan menekan power danvolume bersamaan. Selain itu keyboardnya dan kamus juga mendapat perbaikan. <em><span style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Inovasi-inovasi baru di ICS</span></em>antara lain penggunaan font “Roboto”. di Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SystemBar dan Action Bar. adanya Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich voice control yangmemungkinkan kita mendikte teks yang ingin kita ketik. Selain itu Face Unlockmerupakan salah satu hal yang menonjol di Android versi baru ini. Juga ada NFCbased app yang disebut Android Bump, yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk bertukarinformasi/data hanya dengan menyentuhkan gadget.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 4.1 (JellyBean)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Jelly Bean yaang diluncurkan pada acara GoogleI/O lalu membawa sejumlah keunggulan dan fitur baru. Penambahan barudiantaranya meningkatkan <i>input</i>keyboard, desain baru fitur pencarian, UI yang baru dan pencarian melalui VoiceSearch yang lebih cepat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Tidak ketinggalan Google Now juga menjadi bagian yang diperbarui.Google Now memberikan informasi yang tepat pada waktu yang tepat pula. Salahsatu kemampuannya adalah dapat mengetahui informasi cuaca, lalu-lintas, ataupunhasil pertandingan olahraga. Sistem operasi Android Jelly Bean 4.1 munculpertama kali dalam produk tablet Asus, yakni Google Nexus 7.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l29 level4 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.7.3.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android SDK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Menurut Nazruddin Safaat H (2011:15), “SDK (<i>Software Development Kit</i>) merupakan alat bantu dan API dalammengembangkan aplikasi pada platform android menggunakan bahasa pemrogramanJAVA”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">SDK Android sebenarnya adalah kumpulan tools yang disediakan oleh google untuk para pengembang yang ingin mencoba mengembangkanaplikasi android nya. Sdk sendiri merupakan kependekan dari system developmentkits, dalam sdk ini terdapat tools tool yang di butuhkan dalam pengembanganandroid, diantaranya adalah:</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape filled="t" id="_x0000_s1046" style="height: 206.25pt; left: 0; margin-left: 38.85pt; margin-top: -18.3pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 353.25pt; z-index: 9;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image027.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">21</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan <i>Tools</i> SDK</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Adb Shell <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Adb sendiri merupakan bagiandari android <i>development</i> <i>bridge</i> yang dapat menjalankan terminalandroid seperti anda menjalankan terminal pada sistem operasi linux, dan <i>command</i> yang terdapat adalam adb shellsendiri sama seperti <i>command</i> linuxpada umumnya, dan sistem yang berjalan pun juga hampir sama seperti linux padaumumnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Android Simulator<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Fungsi dari android simulator iniberguna untuk para programer yang ingin melakukan testing aplikasi yang di buatnya kedalam sistem operasi android secara virtual sebelum mengaplikasikanyakedalam handset android sebenarnya, bila kita menjalankan android virtual ini,yang kita lihat sama seperti kita menjalankan handset android yang sesungguhnya, dan versi versi android terdahulu juga bisa kita jalankan apabila kitamenginstal dan mendownload nya pada situs resmi google<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape filled="t" id="_x0000_s1045" style="height: 196.5pt; left: 0; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-top: 9pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 319.05pt; z-index: 10;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image028.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">22</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan <i>android simulator</i></span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pemrograman </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Basic 4 Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1044" o:allowoverlap="f" style="height: 246pt; left: 0; margin-left: 175.5pt; margin-top: 444.75pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: page; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 310.5pt; z-index: 11;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image029.png"> <w:wrap anchorx="page" anchory="page"></w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">23</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan IDE Basic 4Android</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.25pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">c</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.45pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">nd</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">o</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.35pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">u</span>k m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">V</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">du</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">j</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">K</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">il</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">/</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">V</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">il</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">vbv</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">60</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">l</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span>i <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">N</span>O<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">N</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">N</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span>S<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">)</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">D</span>E<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">d</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">B</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">s</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.25pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">c</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.45pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">4</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">A</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">nd</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">r</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.7pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">o</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">d</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">G</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">U</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">du</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">on</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>ta<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">u</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">uh</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;">g</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">li</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">X</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">M</span>L<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span>, dapat di developdan debug dengan Emulator Android atau dengan real device (koneksi ke USB ataumelalui local network).<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><v:shape id="_x0000_s1043" style="height: 229.3pt; left: 0; margin-left: 91.9pt; margin-top: 6.1pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 291.5pt; z-index: 12;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image030.png"> <w:wrap type="square"></w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">24</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan Designer Basic 4Android</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Literature Review</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Berikutini adalah penelitian yang telah dilakukan dan memiliki kolerasi yang searahdengan penelitian yang akan dibahas dalam Tugas Akhir ini diantara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Penelitian yang dilakukanoleh Reza Handaru Winasis (2014) yang berjudul “Pemanfaatan SensorAccelorometer pada Smartphone Android Sebagai Kendali Pagar Rumah MelaluiBluetooth”. Penelitian ini mambahas tentang mengendalikan pintu pagar rumah, yang dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkanSensor Accelerometer. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi Android Sensor Accelerometermengirimkan String tertentu kepada mikrokontroller ATmega 8 melalui komunikasiBluetooth HC-05 untuk membuka pintu pagar rumah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian Supriyadi dari STMIK RAHARJA Tangerang yang berjudul“Pemanfaatan Teknologi <i>Bluetooth</i>Untuk Indikator Posisi Suatu Benda” tahun 2013. Pada penelitian ini bertujuanmemanfaatkan media bluetooth untuk membantu mencari posisi suatu benda.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dhida Restu Giri Madya(2014) yang berjudul “</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">P</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">roto</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">t</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ype pengendali pintu dan jendela mobil menggunakansmartphone berbasis atmega 328p di kelurahan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">C</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ibogo</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">”. Dalam penelitian ini salah satunya membahas tentangkomunikasi serial antara arduino dengansmartphone android</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> lewat media Bluetooth.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan Reza Nursyah Putra (2014) yangberjudul “Prototipe Alat Pembersih Toren Otomatis menggunakan SMS Gateway padaPT. Cahaya Televisi Indonesia”. Dalam penelitian ini salah satunya membahastentang pengambilan data sebuah pesan singkat pada smartphone.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan Vani Banu Aji (2014) yangberjudul “Alat Penghitung Jumlah Botol menggunakan Sensor Inductive Proximitydengan Kapasitas 1000 Botol per Menit pada Mesin Filling PT. Cola-ColaUngaran”. Pada penelitian ini salah satunya membahas tentang Komunikasi I2C(Inter Intregated Circuit) pada Mikrokontroller.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan Andy Renauld (2014) yangberjudul “Sistem Notifikasi Antrian Berbasis Android”, pada penelitian inisalah satunya membahas sistem notifikasi pada sebuah smartphone android.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Keterkaitan pembahasan daripenelitian – penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya pada literature review diatas adalah adanya komunikasi serial melalui bluetooth, komunikasi I2C dansebuah sistem yang memiliki notifikasi sebuah sms atau pesan singkat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 62.25pt;"><br /></div> | ||
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+ | |||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | =<div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''BAB III'''</div>= | ||
+ | |||
+ | BAB IIIPEMBAHASAN DAN PERANCANGAN | ||
+ | 3.1. TujuanPerancangan | ||
+ | Adapun tujuan perancangan yang dilakukan adalahsebagai berikut : | ||
+ | 1. Fungsional | ||
+ | a. Membuat aplikasi android yang dapatmenampilkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke smartphone | ||
+ | b. Membuat perangkat berbasis arduino yangdapat berkomunikasi dengan smartphonelewat bluetooth untuk menampilkanpemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke smartphone. | ||
+ | 2. Operasional | ||
+ | a. Agarpengguna smartphone lebih mendapatkemudahan dalam menggunakan smartphonenya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. | ||
+ | b. Agarpengguna smartphone dapat melihatpesan yang masuk ke smartphone merekatanpa melihat secara langsung smartphonemilik mereka dan ini berguna bagi pengguna yang sedang di tempat umum danberkendara untuk mencegah hal - hal yang tidak diinginkan terjadi. | ||
+ | 3.2. Langkah-langkah Perancangan | ||
+ | Adapunlangkah-langkah yang digunakan dalam perancangan sistem ini antara lain : | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 1. MetodeAnalisa | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dalamperancangan ini melakukan analisa sustu sistem yang sudah ada. Bagaimana sistemitu berjalan dan apakah kekurangan dari sistem tersebut. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Metodeperancangan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dalammetode perancangan ini kita dapat mengetahui bagaimana sistem itu dibuat ataudirancang dan alat apa saja yang dibutuhkan. Melalui tahapan pembuatanflowchart dari sistem yang akan dibuat dan pembuatan desain aplikasipengontrolan berupa perancangan perangkat lunak (Software) dan perangkat keras(hardware). | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. Metodeprototipe | ||
+ | |||
+ | Metodeprototipe yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah penulis melakukanpengembangan terhadap arduino agar dapat menerima data dari aplikasi yangterdapat di smartphone. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4. MetodeTesting | ||
+ | |||
+ | Padametode pengujian ini yang dipakai adalah metode testing blackbox, yang nantiakan dibahas pada BAB IV. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3.3. Diagram Blok | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
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+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar 3.1 Blok Diagram | ||
+ | |||
+ | Keterangandan penjelasan diagram blok di atas adalah sebagai berikut : | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Smartphoneandroid merupakan perangkat yang digunakan untuk menjalankan aplikasi yangberfungsi untuk mengalihkan data notifikasi Pesan Singkat dan panggilan masukke arduino pro micro. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Modulbluetooth HC-05 merupakan perangkat yang dapat menerima dan mengirim sinyaluntuk komunikasi antara smartphone android dengan mikrokontroller arduino promicro. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. Mikrokontrollerarduino pro micro merupakan komponen untuk memproses data notifikasi yang dikirimoleh smartphone untuk di proses mikrokontroller arduino pro micro. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4. Powersupply 5V merupakan catu daya untuk memberi tegangan bagi mikrokntrollerarduino pro micro. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5. ICconverter 3V merupakan komponen untuk mengubah tegangan 5V dari power supplymenjadi 3V untuk tegangan yang dibutuhkan Modul bluetooth HC-05. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 6. OLEDdisplay 128x64 dalam perangkat ini sebagai media antarmuka untuk melihatnotifikasi yang muncul di smartphone. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 3.4. Cara Kerja Alat | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkatnotifikasi yang dirancang nantinya memiliki cara kerja alat sebagai berikut : | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Perangkatnotifikasi dipastikan terhubung dengan power supply 5 Volt, untuk mengaktifkankomponen mikrokontroller, arduino pro micro, modul bluetooth HC-05, dan OLEDDisplay akan muncul tampilan awal dari perangkat notifikasi. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Smartphoneandroid yang sudah terdapat aplikasi untuk mengambil data notifikasi pesansingkat dan panggilan masuk, di haruskan terhubung dengan arduino pro microdengan media bluetooth. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. apabilasmartphone dan perangkat notifikasi terhubung, maka notifikasi pesan singkatdan panggilan masuk akan diolah aplikasi untuk mengirimkan ke arduino pro microyang nantinya akan muncul tampilan bahwa ada pesan singkat atau panggilan yangmasuk pada OLED display. | ||
+ | |||
− | + | ||
− | + | 3.5. Pembuatan Alat | |
− | + | ||
− | + | Perancanganyang dimaksudkan pada perangkat ini meliputi perancangan perangkat keras(hardware) dan perangkat lunak (software). | |
− | + | ||
− | + | Secaraumum pada perancangan perangkat ini seperti yang ditunjukkan diagram blok pada gambar 3.1. perangkat yangdirancang akan membentuk suatu “PROTOTIPEPERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO”. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | Perancanganperangkat secara keseluruhan memerlukan beberapa alat dan bahan yang digunakanuntuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam pembuatan perangkat, adapun deskripsi alat danbahan sebagai berikut : | |
+ | |||
+ | A. Alat yang digunakan meliputi : | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Personalcomputer (PC) atau laptop | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Softwarebasic4android | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. SoftwareArduino 1.0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4. KabelUSB micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5. Smartphoneandroid | ||
+ | |||
+ | 6. Solder | ||
+ | |||
+ | 7. Tangpotong | ||
+ | |||
+ | B. Bahan – bahan yang digunakan : | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. ArduinoPro Micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. ModulBluetooth HC-05 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. OLEDDisplay 128x64 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4. ICRegulator AMS 1117 3V | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5. PapanPCB | ||
+ | |||
+ | 6. Catudaya 5 Volt | ||
+ | |||
+ | 7. Timah | ||
+ | |||
+ | 8. Kabeljumper | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3.5.1. Perancangan perangkat keras(hardware) | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Rangkaian Catu Daya 5V DC | ||
+ | |||
+ | Agaralat yang di rancang dapat bekerja sesuai dengan fungsinya, maka diperlukansumber tegangan listrik sebagai catu daya. Perangkat ini menggunakan catu dayayang merubah tegangan bolak-balik (AC) menjadi tegangan searah (DC). Rangkaiancatu daya yang digunakan mendapatkan sumber tegangan dari PLN sebesar 220V AC.Tegangan tersebut kemudian diturunkan menjadi 7,5 AC melalui trafo penuruntegangan (step down). | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tegangan7,5 AC tersebut kemudian diserahkan menjadi tegangan DC oleh dioda bridge.Keluaran dari diode bridge ini kemudian masuk ke kapasitor yang bertujuan untukmengurangi noise pada tegangan DC. Agar output 7,5 V DC menjadi 5V DC makategangan 7,5V DC dihubungkan ke rangkaian regulator LM7805. | ||
+ | |||
+ | pada rangkaian catu daya ini akandigunakan untuk memberikan tegangan kerja pada Arduino sebesar 5V DC. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
− | + | ||
− | + | Gambar 3.2. Rangkaian Catu Daya | |
− | + | ||
− | 2. | + | 2. Rangkaian Catu daya 3V DC |
− | + | ||
− | + | Rangkaiancatu daya 3 Volt DC dibutuhkan untuk modul bluetooth HC-05 karena hanyamembutuhkan 3 Volt, sumber catu daya 3 Volt berasal dari catu daya 5 Volt yangakan di konversi menjadi 3 Volt menggunakan IC Regulator AMS 1117 3V, rangkaiandapat dilihat pada gambar dibawah ini: | |
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+ | |||
+ | Gambar 3.3. RangkaianConverter 3 volt | ||
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− | + | 3. Rangkaianmodul Bluetooth | |
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+ | (B) | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | (A) | ||
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+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar3.4. (a) Tampilan Fisik Modul bluetooth HC-05, (b) letak Pin Module bluetoothHC-05 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Dalamperancangan Bluetooth ini, menggunakan modul Bluetooth HC-05. Yang memiliki spesifikasi sebagai berikut : | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Bluetooth protocal: BluetoothSpecification v2.0+EDR | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Modulation: GFSK(Gaussian Frequency ShiftKeying) | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Emission power: ≤4dBm, Class 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Sensitivity: ≤-84dBm at 0.1% BER | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160kbps, | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Synchronous: 1Mbps/1Mbps | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Security: Authentication and encryption | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Profiles: Bluetooth serial port | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Power supply: +3.3VDC 50mA | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Working temperature: -20 ~ +75 Centigrade | ||
+ | |||
+ | o Dimension: 26.9mm x 13mm x 2.2 mm | ||
+ | |||
+ | Adapunrangkaian modul Bluetooth HC-05 yangdipasangkan pada arduino Pro Micro yaitu pin GND, VCC, RX dan TX. Dapat dilihatpada gambar dibawah ini : | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar3.5. Rangkaian Modul bluetooth dengan arduino Pro micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | sesuaigambar 3.4. , pin – pin yang dimiliki modul bluetooth disambungkan ke pin – pinyang dimiliki arduino pro micro, berikut tabel dari pin yang digunakan danpenjelasannya. | ||
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+ | Tabel3.1. Konfigurasi Pin arduino pro micro dan Modul bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Pin Modul bluetooth HC-05 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin Arduino Pro Micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | Penjelasan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin TXD | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin 9 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berfungsi sebagai pin penerima data komunikasi serial bagi Arduino Pro Micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin RXD | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin 8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berfungsi sebagai pin penerima data komunikasi serial bagi Arduino Pro Micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin VCC | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin VCC | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berfungsi sebagai sumber tegangan bagi modul bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin GND | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin GND | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berfungsi sebagai ground bagi modul bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
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+ | |||
+ | 4. RangkaianModul OLED Display | ||
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+ | |||
+ | Gambar3.6. Rangkaian skematik Modul OLED Display dengan Arduino pro micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sesuaigambar 3.5. pin – pin yang dimiliki modul OLED Display disambungkan ke pin –pin untuk komunikasi I2C yang dimiliki arduino pro micro, berikut tabel daripin yang digunakan dan penjelasannya. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Tabel3.2. Konfigurasi Pin arduino pro micro dan Modul OLED Display | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Pin OLED Display | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin Arduino Pro Micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | Penjelasan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin SDA | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berfungsi sebagai pin penerima dan pengirim data dengan komunikasi I2C bagi Arduino Pro Micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin SCL | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berfungsi sebagai pin clock bagi komunikasi I2C antara OLED Display dan Arduino Pro Micro | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin VCC | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin VCC | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berfungsi sebagai sumber tegangan bagi modul bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin GND | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pin GND | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berfungsi sebagai ground bagi modul bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
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+ | |||
+ | 5. RangkaianKeseluruhan | ||
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+ | |||
+ | Gambar3.7. Rangkaian keseluruhan sistem | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rangkaian keseluruhan darisistem ini merupakan penggabungan dari beberapa rangkaian seperti rangkaianModul OLED Display dengan komunikasi I2C, Modul Bluetooth HC-05 dengankomunikasi serial untuk komunikasi antara arduino pro micro dan smartphone, dansebagai tambahan IC converter 5 volt ke 3 volt. Tegangan 3 volt digunakan modulbluetooth HC-05. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3.5.2. PerancanganPerangkat Lunak (Software) | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Basic4Android | ||
+ | |||
+ | Untukmembuat sebuah aplikasi android diperlukan sebuah development tools berbasis Javatetapi untuk penelitian ini penulis menggunakan Basic4Android karena developmenttools ini berbasis Object OrientedProgramming Language yang memiliki sintaks sama persis seperti Visual Basic. Basic4Android didesain sedemikian rupa sehinggamemudahkan developer untukmengembangkan aplikasi android menggunakan bahasa Visual Basic dan IDE yang mudah untuk digunakan. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berikut adalah rancangan dari tampilan aplikasiuntuk notifikasi Pesan singkat dan panggilan masuk. | ||
+ | |||
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+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar 3.8. DesainTampilan awal dari aplikasi | ||
+ | |||
+ | Desaintampilan awal pada gambar 3.3. berfungsi bagi smartphone android untuk memulaikoneksi pada perangkat notifikasi melalui bluetooth disaat tombol Search fordevice di sentuh. | ||
+ | |||
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+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar3.9. Desain Tampilan Utama Aplikasi | ||
+ | |||
+ | Desain tampilanutama pada gambar 3.4. berfungsi untuk melakukan pengaturan dari perangkatnotifikasi, pengaturan dalam aplikasi ini yaitu mengaktifkan ataumenonaktifkan notifikasi pesan masukpanggilan masuk. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Arduino IDE | ||
+ | |||
+ | Untuk Memprogram Mikrokontroller ArduinoPro Micro dibutuhkan software Arduino IDE (IntegratedDevelopment Environment) karena software ini mudah dalam membuatfungsi-fungsi logika dasar mikrokontroller dan sangat mudah di mengerti karenamenggunakan bahasa C, selain Software Arduino IDE untuk memasukkan programkedalam sebuah mikrokontroler Arduino Pro micro,dibutuhkan Driver USB, dan IDE Arduino 1.0.5 | ||
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+ | 3.6. Flowchart | ||
+ | |||
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+ | |||
+ | Gambar3.10. Flowchart Sistem | ||
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+ | |||
+ | 3.7. Permasalahan yang dihadapi danalternatif pemecahan masalah | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3.7.1. Permasalahan yang dihadapi | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bagipengguna smartphone, tidak terdengarnyapemberitahuan dari ponsel jika ada pesan singkat masuk atau panggilan masukcukup mengganggu aktifitas pengguna smartphone yang sedang menunggu informasipenting baik lewat pesan singkat maupun panggilan telepon. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Setelahmengamati dan meneliti dari permasalahan yang ada, terdapat beberapapermasalahn yang dihadapi, antara lain : | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Apakah aplikasi android bisa mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang barumasuk ke Smartphone? | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Bagaimana membuat perangkat berbasis Arduino yang mampu menjadi media antarmukapemberitahuan pesan singkat yang barumasuk ke Smartphone? | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. Bagaimana komunikasi antara aplikasiberbasis android dengan perangkat Arduino? | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3.7.2. Alternatif pemecahan masalah | ||
+ | |||
+ | Setelahmengamati dan meneliti dari permasalahan yang terjadi, terdapat beberapa alternatifpemecahan dari permasalahan yang dihadapi, antara lain : | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Membuataplikasi android yang bisa mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang barumasuk ke smartphone. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Merancangperangkat berbasis arduino yang mampu menjadi media antarmuka pemberitahuanpesan singkat yang baru masuk ke Smartphone? | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. Merancangsistem komunikasiantara aplikasi berbasis androiddengan perangkat Arduino? | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi yang diibuat diharapkan memiliki kemampuanuntuk mengalihkan sistem pemberitahuan yang dimiliki smartphone ke perangkatberbasis arduino. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3.8. User Requirement | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3.8.1. ElisitasiTahap I | ||
+ | |||
+ | Elisitasitahap I disusun berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan stakeholder mengenai seluruh rancangan sistem Perangkatpemberitahuan suatu smartphone. Berikut tabel Elisitasi Tahap I: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tabel 3.3. Elisitasi Tahap I | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Functional | ||
+ | |||
+ | Analisa Kebutuhan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saya ingin sistem dapat: | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mempermudah dalam penggunaan smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pengontrolan melalui jaringan bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kompatibel dengan seluruh tipe smartphone android | ||
+ | |||
+ | 6 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bekerja secara Embedded System | ||
+ | |||
+ | 7 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi Android memiliki tampilan yang sederhana tetapi menarik | ||
+ | |||
+ | 8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat bisa dibawa kemana-mana | ||
+ | |||
+ | 9 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat tidak perlu disambung ke sumber listrik PLN | ||
+ | |||
+ | 10 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi android dapat dijalankan pada sistem operasi minimal Gingerbread | ||
+ | |||
+ | 11 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat memiliki ukuran yang kecil | ||
+ | |||
+ | 12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat memiliki lampu LED sebagai indikator pemberitahuan | ||
+ | |||
+ | 13 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat dapat menampilkan jumlah pesan yang baru masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | 14 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat menggunakan sumber daya listrik dari battery | ||
+ | |||
+ | 15 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat memiliki battery yang tahan hingga berbulan-bulan | ||
+ | |||
+ | 16 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pemberitahuan dari perangkat hanya berupa tampilan | ||
+ | |||
+ | 17 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pemberitahuan dari perangkat tidak mengeluarkan suara | ||
+ | |||
+ | 18 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat menggunakan LED display berupa text untuk fungsi pemberitahuan | ||
+ | |||
+ | 19 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi Android dapat tersambung secara otomatis dengan perangkat | ||
+ | |||
+ | Non Functional | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saya ingin sistem dapat: | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Penggunaan sederhana dan User Friendly | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dikontrol tanpa kabel | ||
+ | |||
+ | Penyusun | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | (Handri Samanta) | ||
+ | Nim : 1031465047 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Stakeholder | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ( ) | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 3.8.2. ElisitasiTahap II | ||
+ | |||
+ | Elisitasi Tahap II dibentuk berdasarkan Elisitasi Tahap Iyang kemudian diklasifikasikan lagi dengan menggunakan metode MDI. BerdasarkanTabel 3.4. terdapat 2 functional dan1 nonfunctional optionnya Inessential (I) dan harus dieliminasi.Semua requirement tersebut merupakanbagian dari sistem yang dibahas, namun sifatnya tidak terlalu penting karenawalaupun ke-3 requirement tersebuttidak dipenuhi, sistem pengontrolan dapat running tanpa error. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sesuai dengan ruang lingkup penelitian yang telah dijelaskanpada bab sebelumnya, maka semua requirement di atas diberi opsi I (Inessential)dan yang dapat terlihat pada tabel elisitasi berikut ini : | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tabel 3.4. Elisitasi Tahap II | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Functional | ||
+ | |||
+ | Analisa Kebutuhan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saya ingin sistem dapat: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | M | ||
+ | |||
+ | D | ||
+ | |||
+ | I | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mempermudah dalam penggunaan smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pengontrolan melalui jaringan bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 5 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kompatibel dengan seluruh tipe smartphone android | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 6 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bekerja secara Embedded System | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 7 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi Android memiliki tampilan yang sederhana tetapi menarik | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat bisa dibawa kemana-mana | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 9 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat tidak perlu disambung ke sumber listrik PLN | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | 10 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi android dapat dijalankan pada sistem operasi minimal Gingerbread | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 11 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat memiliki ukuran yang kecil | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat memiliki lampu LED sebagai indikator pemberitahuan | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 13 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat dapat menampilkan jumlah pesan yang baru masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | 14 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat menggunakan sumber daya listrik dari battery | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 15 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat memiliki battery yang tahan hingga berbulan-bulan | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | 16 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pemberitahuan dari perangkat hanya berupa tampilan | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 17 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pemberitahuan dari perangkat mengeluarkan suara | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | 18 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat menggunakan LED display berupa text untuk fungsi pemberitahuan | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 19 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi Android dapat tersambung secara otomatis dengan perangkat | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Non Functional | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saya ingin sistem dapat: | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Penggunaan sederhana dan User Friendly | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dikontrol tanpa kabel | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Keterangan : | ||
+ | |||
+ | M = Mandatory | ||
+ | D = Desirable | ||
+ | |||
+ | I = Inessential | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3.8.3. Elisitasi Tahap III | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berdasarkan Elisitasi Tahap II diatas, dibentuklah Elisitasi Tahap III yang diklasifikasikan kembali denganmenggunakan metode TOE dengan opsi HML. Berikut tabel elisitasi tahap IIItersebut: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Tabel 3.5. Elisitasi Tahap III | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Functional | ||
+ | |||
+ | Analisis Kebutuhan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saya ingin sistem dapat : | ||
+ | |||
+ | NO | ||
+ | |||
+ | URAIAN | ||
+ | |||
+ | T | ||
+ | |||
+ | O | ||
+ | |||
+ | E | ||
+ | |||
+ | L | ||
+ | |||
+ | M | ||
+ | |||
+ | H | ||
+ | |||
+ | L | ||
+ | |||
+ | M | ||
+ | |||
+ | H | ||
+ | |||
+ | L | ||
+ | |||
+ | M | ||
+ | |||
+ | H | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mempermudah dalam penggunaan smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pengontrolan melalui jaringan bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 5 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kompatibel dengan seluruh tipe smartphone android | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 6 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bekerja secara Embedded System | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 7 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi Android memiliki tampilan yang sederhana tetapi menarik | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | 8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat bisa dibawa kemana-mana | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 9 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi android dapat dijalankan pada sistem operasi minimal Gingerbread | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 10 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat memiliki ukuran yang kecil | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 11 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat memiliki lampu LED sebagai indikator pemberitahuan | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pemberitahuan dari perangkat hanya berupa tampilan | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 13 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat menggunakan sumber daya listrik dari battery | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 14 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat menggunakan LED display berupa text untuk fungsi pemberitahuan | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 15 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi Android dapat tersambung secara otomatis dengan perangkat | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | Non Functional | ||
+ | |||
+ | NO. | ||
+ | |||
+ | URAIAN | ||
+ | |||
+ | T | ||
+ | |||
+ | O | ||
+ | |||
+ | E | ||
+ | |||
+ | L | ||
+ | |||
+ | M | ||
+ | |||
+ | H | ||
+ | |||
+ | L | ||
+ | |||
+ | M | ||
+ | |||
+ | H | ||
+ | |||
+ | L | ||
+ | |||
+ | M | ||
+ | |||
+ | H | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Penggunaan sederhana dan User Friendly | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | ü | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Keterangan : | ||
+ | |||
+ | T : Technical L : Low | ||
+ | |||
+ | O : Operational M : Middle | ||
+ | |||
+ | E : Economic H : High | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 3.8.4. Final Elisitasi | ||
+ | |||
+ | Finalelisitasi merupakan bentuk akhir dari tahap-tahap elisitasi yang dapatdijadikan acuan dan dasar pengembangan sistem Perangkat Notifikasi Smartphoneberbasis Arduino pro Micro. Berdasarkan elisitasi tahap III diatas,dihasilkanlah 11 fucntional dan 1 nonfucntional final elisitasi yangdiharapkan dapat mempermudah dalam membuat suatu sistem pengontrolannya.Berikut tabel final elisitasi tersebut: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Tabel 3.6. Final Elisitasi | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Functional | ||
+ | |||
+ | Analisis Kebutuhan | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mempermudah dalam penggunaan smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pengontrolan melalui jaringan bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kompatibel dengan seluruh tipe smartphone android | ||
+ | |||
+ | 6 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bekerja secara Embedded System | ||
+ | |||
+ | 7 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi Android memiliki tampilan yang sederhana tetapi menarik | ||
+ | |||
+ | 8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat bisa dibawa kemana-mana | ||
+ | |||
+ | 9 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pemberitahuan dari perangkat hanya berupa tampilan | ||
+ | |||
+ | 10 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat menggunakan sumber daya listrik dari battery | ||
+ | |||
+ | 11 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perangkat menggunakan LED display berupa text untuk fungsi pemberitahuan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Non Functional | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Penggunaan sederhana dan User Friendly | ||
+ | |||
+ | Penyusun | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | (Handri Samanta) | ||
+ | NIM: 1031465047 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mengetahui, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pembimbing I | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Pembimbing II | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | (Asep Saefullah, S.Pd.,M.Kom) | ||
+ | NID: 06121 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | (M. Ibnu Safari, S.Kom, M.Kom) | ||
+ | NID: 14009 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Menyetujui, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Stakeholder | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Kepala Jurusan | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | (Imam Sibro Malisi) | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | (Ferry Sudarto, S.Kom., M.Pd) | ||
+ | NIP: 079010 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | =<div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''BAB IV'''</div>= | ||
+ | BAB IV | ||
+ | HASIL DAN UJI COBA | ||
+ | 4.1. ProsedurSistem Usulan | ||
+ | Sistem perangkatnotifikasi untuk smartphone ini mampu menampilkan pemberitahuanpesan singkat yang baru masuk dan panggilan masuk.Alat ini bekerja berdasarkan data pada aplikasi smartphone yang dapat mengambil data suatupemberitahuan di smartphone dan mengirim data tersebut ke Arduno melaluiBluetooth. | ||
+ | 1. Jikarangkaian arduino diberi catu daya yaitu 5 volt dan 3 volt untuk OLED Displaydan Modul Bluetooth, maka akan muncul tampilan awal dari OLED Display dan ModulBluetooth akan berjalan dan bersiap untuk menerima koneksi dari smartphone. | ||
+ | 2. Alatakan bekerja jika Bluetooth aktif yang sudah terpasang pada arduino boarddengan input tegangan 3.3 volt. | ||
+ | 3. TampilanPemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk akan muncul jika arduino menerimadata untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk. | ||
+ | 4. TampilanPemberitahuan panggilan yang baru masuk akan muncul jika arduino menerima datauntuk menampilkan pemberitahuan panggilan yang baru masuk. | ||
+ | 5. Dalamaplikasi android terdapat beberapa tombol dengan fungsi untuk melakukansambungan dengan perangkat notifikasi berbasis arduino. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 4.2. FlowchatProgram yang Diusulkan | ||
+ | Adapun Flowchartprogram yang diusulkan bisa dilihat gambar dibawah ini : | ||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar4.1 flowchart aplikasi android | ||
+ | Berdasarkan flowchart aplikasiandroid pada gambar 4.1, sistem aplikasi android di awali dengan menampilkantampilan awal dan mencari bluetooth dan setelahnya diikuti cek kondisi apakah bluetoothsmartphone dalam kondisi menyala atau tidak. Jika menyala maka aplikasi akanlangsung berjalan dan bersiap mengolah data pesan singkat masuk dan panggilanmasuk. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar4.2 flowchart program Arduino | ||
+ | Sedangkan programarduino di awali dengan menginisialisasi OLED Display dan port serialsebagaimana gambar flowchart program arduino pada gambar 4.2. setelah itu OLED display akan menampilkantampilan awal dari perangkat dan bersiap mengolah data yang diterima dariandroid apakah OLED display menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan masuk ataupanggilan masuk yang baru. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 4.3. KonfigurasiSistem Usulan | ||
+ | 4.3.1. SpesifikasiHardware | ||
+ | Adapun spesifikasi hardware yangdigunakan adalah sebagai berikut : | ||
+ | 1. Laptop atau PC | ||
+ | - Processor : Pentium 4 | ||
+ | - Monitor : LCD 14” | ||
+ | - RAM : 2 GB | ||
+ | - HD :100 GB | ||
+ | Dalampembuatan aplikasi android menggunakan Basic4Android dan membuat program yangakan di upload ke arduino dibutuhkan satu unit komputer dengan spesifikasicukup karena aplikasi sendiri tidak terlalu membutuhkan spesifikasi tinggi. | ||
+ | 2. OLED Display 128x64 | ||
+ | Digunakannyamodul OLED display 128x64 dirasa cukup dari ukuran layar yang berukuran 128 x64 pixel dan ukuran fisik 0,96 inci, selain itu dari sisi harga lebih ekonomisdibanding tipe lain karena memiliki lebih dari satu warna. | ||
+ | 3. Modul BluetoothHC-05 | ||
+ | Modulbluetooth HC-05 merupakan modul bluetooth yang cukup populer digunakan karenadari sisi harga lebih murah dan mudah didapat dibanding Modul bluetooth tipe LE | ||
+ | 4. Arduino Pro Micro | ||
+ | Mikrokontroller yang digunakan adalah ATMega32u4yang sudah tertanam pada modul Arduino Pro Micro, digunakanya arduino pro microkarena memiliki ukuran yang kecil dari memiliki ukuran memori sebesar 32 KB. | ||
+ | 5. SmartphoneAndroid | ||
+ | 6. KabelUSB | ||
+ | 7. CatuDaya | ||
+ | 4.3.2. Aplikasiyang Digunakan | ||
+ | Adapun aplikasi yang digunakanadalah sebagai berikut : | ||
+ | 1. SoftwareArduino IDE | ||
+ | Untuk membuat program yang akan di upload ke arduinodibutuhkan software editor yang bernama arduino IDE | ||
+ | 2. Software Basic4Android | ||
+ | Aplikasi android yang dibuat menggunakan bahasabasic sehingga dibutuhkan aplikasi untuk membuat suatu aplikasi android yangbernama basic4Android | ||
+ | 3. Ms.Office 2007 | ||
+ | Untuk membuat semua laporan skripsi atau mengetikdibutuhkan aplikasi office untuk melakukan hal tersebut, untuk itu digunakanMicrosoft Office 2007 sebagai aplikasi office. | ||
+ | 4. Paint | ||
+ | Aplikasi Paint dalam perancangan dibutuhkan untukmembuat gambar dari diagram blok dari perangkat notifikasi ini sebagai gambaransederhana proses input atau output dari tiap-tiap rangkaian. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 5. Fritzing | ||
+ | Software fritzing dibutuhkan dalam membuat gambarrangkaian dari perangkat notifikasi yang akan dimuat. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4.4. Testingatau pengujian | ||
+ | Setelahmelakukan berbagai tahapan perancangan dan pemasangan komponen, selanjutnyaadalah melakukan serangkaian uji coba pada masing – masing blok rangkaian yangbertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai. Adapun pembahasan hasil uji cobaagar lebih jelas dan dapat dipahami mengenai beberapa ragkaian sistem yangdipakai, dapat dilihat pada sub bab berikut. | ||
+ | 4.4.1. MetodeBlack Box | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tabel4.1. Pengujian Blackbox pada OLEDDisplay, Aplikasi Android dan Modul Bluetooth. | ||
+ | |||
+ | No | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nama Form | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kondisi Pengujian | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hasil Pengujian | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | OLED Display | ||
+ | |||
+ | Di beri data ‘a’ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Muncul tampilan Pemberitahuan pesan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Di beri data ‘b’ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Muncul tampilan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | Awal dinyalakan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Muncul tampilan awal perangkat | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi Android | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ada pesan masuk ke smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mengirim data karakter ‘a’ ke arduino | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ada panggilan masuk ke smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mengirim data karakter ‘b’ ke arduino | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Modul Bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | Diberi tegangan 3 Volt | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sinyal bluetooth dapat terdeteksi smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | No | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nama Pengujian | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hasil Yang Diharapkan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hasil Pengujian | ||
+ | |||
+ | Status | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. | ||
+ | |||
+ | OLED Display | ||
+ | |||
+ | Muncul tampilan Pemberitahuan pesan | ||
+ | |||
+ | OLED Display menampilkan teks yang bertuliskan pemberitahuan pesan masuk baru | ||
+ | |||
+ | Diterima | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Muncul tampilan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | OLED Display menampilkan teks yang bertuliskan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk baru | ||
+ | |||
+ | Diterima | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Muncul tampilan awal perangkat | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saat perangkat dinyalakan muncul tampilan awal pada OLED Display | ||
+ | |||
+ | Diterima | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasi Android | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mengirim data karakter ‘a’ ke arduino | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saat ada pesan masuk ke smartphone, aplikasi mengirim data karakter ‘a’ ke arduino | ||
+ | |||
+ | Diterima | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mengirim data karakter ‘b’ ke arduino | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saat ada panggilan masuk ke smartphone, aplikasi mengirim data karakter ‘b’ ke arduino | ||
+ | |||
+ | Diterima | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Modul Bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sinyal bluetooth dapat terdeteksi smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sinyal bluetooth dari modul terdeteksi oleh smartphone dengan nama “HC-05” | ||
+ | |||
+ | Diterima | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 4.4.2. PengujianRangkaian Modul OLED Display 128x64 | ||
+ | Pada uji cobaberikut ini adalah pengujian rangkaian Modul OLED Display dengan Arduino proMicro, apakah dapat menampilkan tulisan sesuai dengan program yang di upload keArduino Pro Micro. | ||
+ | 1. OLEDDisplay digunakan untuk menampilkan tampilan awal saat diberi tegangan catudaya. | ||
+ | Berikut hasil pengujiannya pada gambardibawah ini : | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar4.3. OLED Display sebagai penampil notifikasi Smartphone | ||
+ | 4.4.3. PengujianRangkaian Modul Bluetooth HC-05 | ||
+ | Pada uji cobarangkaian modul bluetooth ini mempunyai empat port penghubung yaitu RX (Receiver) sebagai penerima data, TX (Transmitter) pengirim data, VCC sebagai tegangan positif, dan Ground Sebagai tegangan negatif.Masing-masing port modul bluetooth tersebut akan dipasangkan pada port arduinoyaitu port RX modul bluetooth dipasang pada port TX atau pin 9 pada arduino promicro, port TX modul bluetooth dipasang pada port RX atau pin 8 pada arduinopro micro. Jika bluetooth tersebut sudah terhubung dan sudah aktif indikasinyalampu led yang ada pada modul bluetooth tersebut akan menyala dan siap untuk discanning oleh smartphone. Dapat dilihat pada gambar dibawah ini : | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar4.4. Rangkaian Modul Bluetooth | ||
+ | 4.4.4. Pengujian Perangkat Bluetooth | ||
+ | Setelahpemasangan port-port modul bluetooth pada arduino, selanjutnya pengujianperangkat bluetooth, apakah bluetooth pada robot bisa didapatkan dan terhubungdengan perangkat bluetooth smartphoneandroid. Pada pengujian ini sudah berhasil terhubung, dapat dilihat padagambar dibawah ini : | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar 4.5. Scanning Bluetooth oleh Smartphone Android | ||
+ | 4.4.5. Pengujian Aplikasi Android | ||
+ | Setelahaplikasi sudah terhubung dengan perangkat Bluetooth HC-05, selanjutnyapengujian aplikasi android pada smartphone. Ada beberapa Bagian checkbox untuk menentukanfungsi apa saja yang akan digunakan dalam perangkat ini, yaitu checkboxaktifkan notifikasi pesan dan checkbox aktifkan notifikasi panggilan, dapatdilihat pada gambar dibawah ini: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Gambar4.6. Aplikasi Android Perangkat Notifikasi berbasis Arduino | ||
+ | Tabel4.2 Pengujian Blackbox pada AplikasiAndroid | ||
+ | |||
+ | No | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pengujian | ||
+ | |||
+ | Test Case | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hasil yang diharapkan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hasil Pengujian | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Layer Menu Awal yang tidak mengaktifkan Bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tidak terkoneksi dengan Bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sistem tidak akan Menampilkan menu utama pengontrolan dan akan secara otomatis mengaktifkan Bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sesuai Harapan | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Layer Menu Awal yang terkoneksi dengan Bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | Terkoneksi dengan Bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sistem akan langsung menampilkan menu utama pengontrolan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sesuai Harapan | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Check box aktifkan notifikasi pesan masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | Check box di ceklist | ||
+ | |||
+ | Akan mengaktifkan sistem notifikasi pesan pada smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sesuai Harapan | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Check box aktifkan notifikasi panggilan masuk | ||
+ | |||
+ | Check box di ceklist | ||
+ | |||
+ | Akan mengaktifkan sistem notifikasi pesan pada smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sesuai Harapan | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 4.5. Implementasi | ||
+ | 4.5.1. Schedule | ||
+ | Tahap implementasi penelitian iniberlangsung selama 10 minggu kepada stakeholder yang bekerja sebagai staff Desa,di mulai dari minggu terakhir bulan oktober tepatnya pada tanggal 28 oktober2014 sampai minggu pertama dari bulan januari 2015 pada tanggal 5. | ||
+ | 1. Observasi | ||
+ | Melakukan pengamatan dan pemahaman yang didapat di lapanganuntuk mengetahui proses pengerjaan dan memperoleh data dan informasi tentang jenis bahan atau peralatanapa saja yang dibutuhkan, dilakukan 1 minggu. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Mengumpulkan data | ||
+ | Proses pengumpulan datadilakukan untuk mencarisumber dan mengetahui beberapa teori yang digunakan dalampembuatan sistem dilakukan selama 1 minggu . | ||
+ | 3. Perancangan sistem | ||
+ | Dalam perancangan sistem ini terbagi menjadi dua, perancangan hardware dan software merupakan prosesyang dilakukan agar dapat menghasilkan suatu rancangan yang mudah dipahami olehuser. Perancangan sistem dilakukanselama 5 minggu. | ||
+ | 4. Pengujian sistem | ||
+ | Pengujian sistem dilakukan untuk mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan yang ada, dan untuk memastikanpemasangan hardware dan Software. Pengetesandilakukan selama 1 minggu | ||
+ | 5. Evaluasi sistem | ||
+ | Untuk mengetahui kesalahandan kekurangan dari program yang dibuat maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi program,kegiatan ini dilakukan selama 1 minggu. | ||
+ | 6. Implementasi sistem | ||
+ | Setelah diketahuikelayakan dari program yang dibuat, maka akan dilakukan implementasi program.Dan implementasi program dilakukan selama 2 minggu bersamaan dengan training user. | ||
+ | 7. DokumentasiProgram | ||
+ | Sistem yang dibuat didokumentasikan selama penelitian dan perancangan berlangsung. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tabel 4.3. Tabel Rencana Implementasi Program | ||
+ | |||
+ | No. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Jenis Kegiatan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Minggu Ke- | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 6 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 7 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 9 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 10 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pengumpulan Data | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perancangan sistem | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Uji Sistem | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 5 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Evaluasi Sistem | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 7 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Training User | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Implementasi Sistem | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 9 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dokumentasi Program | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Setelahmelakukan uji coba alat, selanjutnya implementasi alat. Kebutuhan aplikasi danprototype untuk sistem yang akan diimplementasikan adalah sebagai berikut: | ||
+ | 1) Kebutuhan aplikasi | ||
+ | - 1 unit smartphone berbasis Android | ||
+ | 2) Kebutuhan perangkat notifikasi | ||
+ | -Arduino Pro Micro : sebagai media pengolahdata yang dikirimkan smartphone untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan denganmenggunakan Mikrokontroller ATMega32u4. | ||
+ | - OLED DisplayModule 128x64 : dibutuhkan sebagai media untuk menampilkan notifikasi yang telah diolaharduino. | ||
+ | - Bluetoothmodul HC-05 : 1 unit sebagai media komunikasi antara smartphonedan arduino. | ||
+ | - Catu daya : untuk memberikantegangan yang dibutuhkan oleh perangkat berbasis arduino. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aplikasiandroid memiliki beberapa fungsi : | ||
+ | 1) Mengaktifkan pemberitahuan pesan masuk pada smartphone. | ||
+ | 2) Mengaktifkan pemberitahuan pesan masuk pada smartphone. | ||
+ | Aplikasi dipasang pada smartphone yang berbasis Android dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Sony Xperia E1 KitKat. Aplikasi yangdibuat dapat berkomunikasi dengan perangkat notifikasi berbasis arduino promicro pintu menggunakan koneksi Bluetooth.. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 4.6. EstimasiBiaya | ||
+ | AdapunEstimasi biaya sistem keseluruhan yang dibuat dan yang dibutuhkan. | ||
+ | Tabel4.4. Estimasi Biaya | ||
+ | |||
+ | No | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kebutuhan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Qty | ||
+ | |||
+ | Biaya | ||
+ | |||
+ | Total | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Arduino Pro Micro Board | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 150.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 150.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Modul Bluetooth | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 100.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 100.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | OLED Display 128x64 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 100.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 100.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5 | ||
+ | |||
+ | IC regulator 3.3v | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 5.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 5.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 6 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Battery 5V | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 100.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 100.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Jumlah | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Rp. 455.000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | =<div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''BAB V'''</div>= | ||
+ | |||
+ | BAB V PENUTUP5.1. Kesimpulan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dari perancangan dan implementasiyang dilakukan ada beberapa kesimpulan antara lain : | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5.1.1. Kesimpulan Terhadap RumusanMasalah | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Aplikasi yang dirancang dengan BahasaPemrograman Basic4Android mampu mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat danpanggilan yang baru masuk ke smartphone, dan dapat di implementasikan padapengguna dalam beraktifitas sehari-harinya. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Media antarmuka dari pemberitahuan pesansingkat dan panggilan masuk menggunakan Arduino Pro Micro sebagai pengolah datayang diterima dari Smartphone. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. Aplikasi yang sudah dirancang dan diinstall ke smartphone berkomunikasi dengan Arduino Pro Micro dengan mediabluetoooth, modul bluetooth pun sudah terpasang dengan Arduino Pro Microsebagai penerima data dari smartphone dengan memanfaatkan fasilittas komunikasiserial pada Arduino Pro Micro. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 5.1.2. Kesimpulan Terhadap Tujuan danManfaat | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Prototipe perangkat notifikasi ini mampumenampilkan data pemberitahuan pesan singkat dan panggilan masuk yang baru darismartphone yang terhubung dengan perangkat notifikasi. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Perangkat Notifikasi ini berkomunikasimelalui bluetooth dengan Smartphone atau tanpa kabel sehingga tidak mengganggupengguna dalam pemanfaatan perangkat. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. Pengguna dipermudah dalam beraktifitaskarena dapat melihat pemberitahuan pesan singkat atau panggilan masuk darismartphone dan tidak perlu dikeluarkan dari tas atau saku pakaian. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 5.1.3. Kesimpulan Terhadap MetodePenelitian | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Bahwa perangkat notifikasi untuk smartphone belum ada yang menggunakan dilingkungan pengguna, sehinggapeneliti membuat penelitian ini. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Perangkatnotifikasi untuk smrtphone berbasis arduino pro micro dapat menampilkanpemberitahuan pesan masuk dan panggilan masuk yang baru dari smartphone yangsudah terhubung ke perangkat notifikasi melalui bluetooth. Sehingga dapatmempermudah pengguna dalam beraktifitas. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5.2. Saran | ||
+ | |||
+ | Berdasarkan perancangan dan kesimpulan diatas, adabeberapa saran yang dapat diberikan dalam rangka pengembangan prototipeperangkat notifikasi smartphone berbasis Arduino pro micro yaitu : | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Perangkat notifikasi dapat memilikibattery yang memiliki daya tahan yang lebih lama dan ukurannya lebih kecil | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Perangkat notifikasi ini dapatmenampilkan isi dari pesan singkat atau siapa yang melakukan panggilan kesmartphone pengguna | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. Perangkat ini dapat terhubung secaraotomatis ke smartphone | ||
+ | |||
+ | 4. Aplikasi yang terdapat pada smartphonedapat berjalan di belakang layar. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 5. Perangkat notifikasi memiliki komponenRTC agar dapat menampilkan waktu atau tanggal. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 5.3. Kesan | ||
+ | |||
+ | Adapun kesan yang didapatkan setelah melakukan penelitian dan penulisanskripsi ini, diantaranya : | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Mendapatkan banyak wawasan dan ilmupengetahuan yang tidak didapat dalam perkuliahan. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Menambah ilmu sosial terhadapmasyarakat, dan instansi terkait. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 3. Belajar bagaimana menanggapipermasalahan dilingkungan masyarakat khususnya dibidang teknologi. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | =<div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''DAFTAR PUSTAKA'''</div>= | ||
+ | <references /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Budiharto.“MembangunJaringanKomputer& Internet”. Jakarta:mediakita Franky Chandra, Deni Arifianto. 2011. “Jago Elektronika Rangkaian Otomatis”. Jakarta:Grasindo Malik.,danUnggul Juwana, Mohammad.”MembangunJaringankomputer& server Internet”. Yogyakarta: Bukuseru Safaat,Nazarudin. 2011. Android Pemrograman Aplikasi Mobile Smartphone dan Tablet PC Berbasis Android, Jakarta:Informatika. Sasankar, A.B, Vinay Chavan. 2011. “Survey of Software Life Cycle Models by Various Documented Standards”. InternatIonal Journal of Computer SCIenCe & Technology IJCST Vol. 2, ISSue4, oCT. - DeC. 2011 Siddiq,Asep Jafar 2012. “Pengujian Perangkat Lunak dengan Metode Black Box Pada Proses Pra Registrasi User Via Website”,Makalah,halaman:4. Simarmata, Janner.2010. "RekayasaPeerangkatLunak”. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset Sucipto. 2011. Konsep dan Teknik pengembangan Sistem berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Banten : Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Banten. Sulindawati dan Muhammad Fathoni.2010. “Pengantar Analisa Sistem Jurnal SAINTIKOM Vol.9,No.2 Agustus 2010:2-19. Sutabri. Tata. 2012. Konsep Sistem Informasi. Yogyakarta: Andi. | ||
+ | Wahana. 2012. Membuat Aplikasi Android Untuk Tablet Dan Handphone. Pt. Elex Media Komputindo Wahana, Komputer. 2010. “Cara Mudah Membangun Jaringan Komputer & Internet”. Jakarta: Mediakita | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | =<div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; text-align: center">'''DAFTAR LAMPIRAN'''</div>= | ||
+ | {{pagebreak}} | ||
− | + | [[Category: Skripsi 2014/2015]] |
Revisi terkini pada 13 April 2015 02.37
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Disusun Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
NAMA |
JURUSAN SISTEM KOMPUTER
KONSENTRASI COMPUTER SYSTEM
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
TANGERANG
2014/2015
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
(STMIK) RAHARJA
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Disusun Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
Nama |
|
Jenjang Studi |
: Strata Satu
|
Jurusan |
: Sistem Komputer
|
Konsentrasi |
: Computer System
|
Disahkan Oleh :
Tangerang, ..... 2015
Ketua |
Kepala Jurusan
| ||||
STMIK RAHARJA |
Jurusan Sistem Komputer
| ||||
(Ir. Untung Rahardja, M.TI) |
(Ferry Sudarto, S.Kom, M.Pd)
| ||||
NIP : 000594 |
NIP : 079010
|
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
(STMIK) RAHARJA
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Dibuat Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
Nama |
Telah disetujui untuk dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Ujian Komprehensif
Jurusan Sistem Komputer
Konsentrasi Computer System
Disetujui Oleh :
Tangerang,.... 2015
Pembimbing I |
Pembimbing II
| ||
(Asep Saefullah, S.Pd, M.Kom) |
(Moch. Ibnu Safari, M.Kom)
| ||
NID : 06121 |
NID : 14009
|
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
(STMIK) RAHARJA
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN DEWAN PENGUJI
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Dibuat Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
Nama |
Disetujui setelah berhasil dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Ujian
Komprehensif
Jurusan Sistem Komputer
Konsentrasi Computer System
Tahun Akademik 2014/2015
Disetujui Penguji :
Tangerang, .... 2015
Ketua Penguji |
Penguji I |
Penguji II
| ||
(_______________) |
(_______________) |
(_______________)
| ||
NID : |
NID : |
NID :
|
SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
(STMIK) RAHARJA
LEMBAR KEASLIAN SKRIPSI
PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE
BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO
Disusun Oleh :
NIM |
: 1031465047
|
Nama |
|
Jenjang Studi |
: Strata Satu
|
Jurusan |
: Sistem Komputer
|
Konsentrasi |
: Computer System
|
Menyatakan bahwa Skripsi ini merupakan karya tulis saya sendiri dan bukan merupakan tiruan, salinan, atau duplikat dari Skripsi yang telah dipergunakan untuk mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Komputer baik di lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi Raharja maupun di Perguruan Tinggi lain, serta belum pernah dipublikasikan.
Pernyataan ini dibuat dengan penuh kesadaran dan rasa tanggung jawab, serta bersedia menerima sanksi jika pernyataan diatas tidak benar.
Tangerang, ..... 2015
NIM : 1031465047
|
)*Tandatangan dibubuhi materai 6.000;
ABSTRAKSI
Sistem pemberitahuan atau notifikasi smartphone tidak banyak berubah walaupun smartphone memiliki fitur – fitur yang canggih dalam fungsinya. Sistem pemberitahuan seperti keluar nada atau suara dan getaran dari smartphone. Selain dari pesatnya penggunaan teknologi smartphone pada masyarakat, ada juga teknologi di bidang mikrokontroller yang dapat dikatakan pesat perkembangannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat, yaitu arduino yang merupakan suatu modul mikrokontroller. Selain itu Maraknya penggunaan smartphone pada semua kalangan masyarakat membuat meningkatnya tuntutan alat-alat aksessoris smartphone untuk kemudahan dalam penggunaanya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Seperti jika pengguna sedang ditempat umum, mengikuti rapat, ataupun sedang berkendara kendaraan motor. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, banyaknya aktifitas pengguna smartphone terkadang cukup memancing menjadi korban tindak kejahatan seperti perampasan atau perampokan di tempat umum, selain itu pengguna terkadang menggunakan smartphone di saat berkendara baik kendaraan roda dua maupun roda empat. Hal tersebut sangat berbahaya bagi pengendara tersebut dan pengguna jalan lainnya. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu perangkat berbasis mikrokontroller yang dapat membantu pengguna untuk menampilkan kondisi dari smartphone seperti adanya pesan masuk atau telepon yang masuk ke smartphone, berukuran kecil dan bisa di implementasikan sesuai dengan pekerjaan pengguna. Dengan menggunakan metode prototipe dalam proses perancangan hardware dan software dari flowchart dan metode blackbox untuk pengujian alat ini untuk mengetahui apakah perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras berfungsi dengan benar dan telah sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Dapat dihasilkan suatu perangkat yang berfungsi sebagai media notifikasi bagi smartphone seperti pesan singkat dan panggilan masuk, dan memiliki interface OLED Display. Hal tersebut dapat membantu pengguna Smartphone dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata kunci : Smartphone, Notifikasi, Arduino
Kata kunci : Smartphone, Notifikasi, Arduino
ABSTRACT
Notification or notification system has not changed much despite smartphone features - features sophisticated in its function. Notification systems such as exit tone or sound and vibration of the smartphone. Apart from the rapid use of smartphone technology on society, there is also the technology in the field of microcontroller that can be said to be rapid development in people's daily life, namely that a module arduino microcontroller. In addition, widespread use of smartphones in all societies make increasing demands aksessoris smartphone tools to ease its use in everyday life. As if the user is in public, attending a meeting, or are driving a motor vehicle. In everyday life, many activities are sometimes pretty fishing smartphone users become victims of crime such as deprivation or robbery in a public place, other than that users sometimes use a smartphone while driving both two wheelers and four wheels. It is very dangerous for the rider and other road users. Therefore, we need a microcontroller-based devices that can help the user to display the condition of smartphones such as the presence of incoming messages or incoming calls to the smartphone, small size and can be implemented in accordance with the user's work. By using the prototype in the design of hardware and software of the flowchart and blackbox method for testing this tool to determine whether the software and hardware to work properly and has been as expected. Can produce a device that functions as a media notification for smartphones such as short messages and incoming calls, and has an interface OLED Display. It can help users Smartphone in everyday life..
Keywords: Smartphone, Notifications, Arduino
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Assalamu‟alaikum Wr.Wb.
Segala puji serta syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan beribu-ribu nikmat,rahmat dan anugerah-Nya serta senantiasa melimpahkan hidayahnya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan laporan skripsi ini dengan baik dan tepat pada waktunya
Hanya karena kasih sayang dan kekuatan-Nya lah penulis mampu menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO”
Penulis menyadari dengan sepenuh hati bahwa tersusunnya skripsi ini bukan hanya atas kemampuan dan usaha penulis semata,namun juga berkat bantuan berbagai pihak,oleh karena itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :
- Bapak Ir. Untung Rahardja, M.T.I selaku Presiden Direktur Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang
- Bapak Drs. Po. Abas Sunarya, M.Si, selaku Direktur Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang.
- Bapak Ferry Sudarto, S.Kom,M.Pd, selaku Ketua Jurusan Sistem Komputer.
- Bapak Asep Saefullah, S.Pd,M.Kom selaku dosen pembimbing 1 yang telah meluangkan waktu membimbing penyusunan skripsi.
- Bapak Moch. Ibnu safari, S.Kom, M.Kom selaku dosen pembimbing 2 yang telah memberikan banyak masukan dalam penyusunan skripsi.
- Kedua orang tua tercinta dan keluarga yang telah banyak mendo‟akan dan memberikan dukungan baik moral maupun materiil.
- Kepada kekasih Siti Umairoh yang selalu memberi semangat dan pengertiannya selama penulis menyusun skripsi..
- Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Raharja yang telah memberikan ilmu pengetahuan kepada penulis.
- Rekan-rekan seperjuangan Ade Novariyanto, dan rekan lainnya yang bersama-sama menyusun skripsi, serta seluruh Keluarga Besar Himpunan Mahasiswa Sistem Komputer (HIMASIKOM)..
- Semua pihak Instansi terkait yang bekerja sama membantu dan memberi masukan.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan Laporan Skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu kritik dan saran yang membangun, penulis harapkan sebagai pemicu untuk dapat berkarya lebih baik lagi. Semoga Laporan Skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi pihak yang membutuhkan.
Tangerang, ..... 2015 | |
Handri Samanta | |
NIM. 1031465047 |
Daftar isi
BAB I
Latar Belakang
BAB II
I P O<o:p></o:p> |
Kelebihan<o:p></o:p> | Kelemahan<o:p></o:p> |
a) Black Box Testing dapat menguji keseluruhan fungsionalitas<o:p></o:p> perangkat lunak.<o:p></o:p> b) Black Box Testing dapat memilih subset test yang secara efektif dan efisien dapat menemukan cacat. Dengan cara ini Black Box Testing dapat membantu memaksimalkan Testing investment.<o:p></o:p> | a) Ketika user melakukan Black Box Testing, user tidak akan pernah yakin apakah perangkat lunak yang diuji telah benar- benar lolos pengujian. <o:p></o:p> |
Kelebihan<o:p></o:p> | Kelemahan<o:p></o:p> |
a. Adanya komunikasi yang baik antara pengembang dan user. <o:p></o:p> b. Pengembang dapat bekerja lebih baik dalam menentukan kebutuhan user.<o:p></o:p> c. User berperan aktif dalam pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p> d. Lebih menghemat waktu dalam pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p> e. Penerapan menjadi lebih mudah karena pemakai mengetahui apa yang diharapkannya<o:p></o:p> | a. User kadang tidak melihat atau menyadari bahwa perangkat lunak yang ada belum mencantumkan kualitas perangkat lunak secara keseluruhan dan juga belum memikirkan kemampuan pemeliharaan untuk jangka waktu lama.<o:p></o:p> b. Pengembang biasanya ingin cepat menyelesaikan proyek. Sehingga menggunakan algoritma dan bahasa pemrograman yang sederhana untuk membuat prototyping lebih cepat selesai tanpa memikirkan lebih lanjut bahwa program tersebut hanya merupakan cetak biru sistem.<o:p></o:p> c. Hubungan user dengan computer yang disediakan mungkin tidak mencerminkan teknik perancangan yang baik.<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PB7<o:p></o:p> | OC0A/OC1C/PCINT7/RTS (Output Compare and PWM Output A for<o:p></o:p> Timer/Counter0, Output Compare and PWM Output C for Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 7 or UART flow control RTS signal)<o:p></o:p> |
PB6<o:p></o:p> | OC1B/PCINT6/OC.4B/ADC13 (Output Compare and PWM Output B for Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 6 or Timer 4 Output Compare B / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 13)<o:p></o:p> |
PB5<o:p></o:p> | OC1A/PCINT5/OC.4B/ADC12 (Output Compare and PWM Output A for Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change Interrupt 5 or Timer 4 Complementary Output Compare B / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 12<o:p></o:p> |
PB4<o:p></o:p> | PCINT4/ADC11 (Pin Change Interrupt 4 or Analog to Digital Converter channel 11<o:p></o:p> |
PB3<o:p></o:p> | PDO/MISO/PCINT3 (Programming Data Output or SPI Bus Master Input/Slave Output or Pin Change Interrupt 3)<o:p></o:p> |
PB2<o:p></o:p> | PDI/MOSI/PCINT2 (Programming Data Input or SPI Bus Master Output/Slave Input or Pin Change Interrupt 2<o:p></o:p> |
PB1<o:p></o:p> | SCK/PCINT1 (SPI Bus Serial Clock or Pin Change Interrupt 1)<o:p></o:p> |
PB0<o:p></o:p> | SS/PCINT0 (SPI Slave Select input or Pin Change Interrupt 0)<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PC7<o:p></o:p> | ICP3/CLKO/OC4A(Input Capture Timer 3 or CLK0 (Divided <o:p></o:p> System Clock) or Output Compare and direct PWM output A <o:p></o:p> for Timer 4)<o:p></o:p> |
PC6<o:p></o:p> | OC.3A/OC4A (Output Compare and PWM output A for <o:p></o:p> Timer/Counter3 or Output Compare and complementary <o:p></o:p> PWM output A for Timer 4<o:p></o:p> |
PC5<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p> |
PC4<o:p></o:p> | |
PC3<o:p></o:p> | |
PC2<o:p></o:p> | |
PC1<o:p></o:p> | |
PC0<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PD7<o:p></o:p> | T0/OC.4D/ADC10 (Timer/Counter0 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output Compare D / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 10<o:p></o:p> |
PD6<o:p></o:p> | T1/OC.4D/ADC9 (Timer/Counter1 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output <o:p></o:p> Complementary Compare D / PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 9)<o:p></o:p> |
PD5<o:p></o:p> | XCK1/CTS (USART1 External Clock Input/Output or UART flow control CTS signal<o:p></o:p> |
PD4<o:p></o:p> | ICP1/ADC8 (Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Trigger or Analog to Digital Converter channel 8)<o:p></o:p> |
PD3<o:p></o:p> | INT3/TXD1 (External Interrupt3 Input or USART1 Transmit Pin)<o:p></o:p> |
PD2<o:p></o:p> | INT2/RXD1 (External Interrupt2 Input or USART1 Receive Pin)<o:p></o:p> |
PD1<o:p></o:p> | INT1/SDA (External Interrupt1 Input or TWI Serial DAta)<o:p></o:p> |
PD0<o:p></o:p> | INT0/SCL/OC0B (External Interrupt0 Input or TWI Serial CLock or Output Compare for Timer/Counter0)<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PE7<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p> |
PE6<o:p></o:p> | INT6/AIN0 (External Interrupt 6 Input or Analog Comparator Positive Input)<o:p></o:p> |
PE5<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p> |
PE4<o:p></o:p> | |
PE3<o:p></o:p> | |
PE2<o:p></o:p> | HWB (Hardware bootloader activation)<o:p></o:p> |
PE1<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p> |
PE0<o:p></o:p> |
Port Pin<o:p></o:p> | Fungsi<o:p></o:p> |
PF7<o:p></o:p> | ADC7/TDI (ADC input channel 7 or JTAG Test Data Input)<o:p></o:p> |
PF6<o:p></o:p> | ADC6/TDO (ADC input channel 6 or JTAG Test Data Output)<o:p></o:p> |
PF5<o:p></o:p> | ADC5/TMS (ADC input channel 5 or JTAG Test Mode Select)<o:p></o:p> |
PF4<o:p></o:p> | ADC4/TCK (ADC input channel 4 or JTAG Test ClocK)<o:p></o:p> |
PF3<o:p></o:p> | Not present on pin-out.<o:p></o:p> |
PF2<o:p></o:p> | |
PF1<o:p></o:p> | ADC1 (ADC input channel 1)<o:p></o:p> |
PF0<o:p></o:p> | ADC0 (ADC input channel 0)<o:p></o:p> |
2.2.3.2 Konsep Dasar Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p>
1. Definisi Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p>
Nilai Kapasitansi Padanan<o:p></o:p> | ||
pF (pikoFarad)<o:p></o:p> | nF (nanoFarad)<o:p></o:p> | µF (mikroFarad)<o:p></o:p> |
1<o:p></o:p> | 0,001<o:p></o:p> | 0,000 001<o:p></o:p> |
10<o:p></o:p> | 0,01<o:p></o:p> | 0,000 01<o:p></o:p> |
100<o:p></o:p> | 0,1<o:p></o:p> | 0,000 1<o:p></o:p> |
1000<o:p></o:p> | 1,0<o:p></o:p> | 0,001<o:p></o:p> |
10.000<o:p></o:p> | 10,0<o:p></o:p> | 0,01<o:p></o:p> |
100.000<o:p></o:p> | 100,0<o:p></o:p> | 0,1<o:p></o:p> |
1.000.000<o:p></o:p> | 1000,0<o:p></o:p> | 1,0<o:p></o:p> |
10000,0<o:p></o:p> | 10,0<o:p></o:p> | |
100 000<o:p></o:p> | 100,0<o:p></o:p> | |
1 000 000<o:p></o:p> | 1000,0<o:p></o:p> |
BAB III
BAB IIIPEMBAHASAN DAN PERANCANGAN 3.1. TujuanPerancangan Adapun tujuan perancangan yang dilakukan adalahsebagai berikut : 1. Fungsional a. Membuat aplikasi android yang dapatmenampilkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke smartphone b. Membuat perangkat berbasis arduino yangdapat berkomunikasi dengan smartphonelewat bluetooth untuk menampilkanpemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke smartphone. 2. Operasional a. Agarpengguna smartphone lebih mendapatkemudahan dalam menggunakan smartphonenya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. b. Agarpengguna smartphone dapat melihatpesan yang masuk ke smartphone merekatanpa melihat secara langsung smartphonemilik mereka dan ini berguna bagi pengguna yang sedang di tempat umum danberkendara untuk mencegah hal - hal yang tidak diinginkan terjadi. 3.2. Langkah-langkah Perancangan Adapunlangkah-langkah yang digunakan dalam perancangan sistem ini antara lain :
1. MetodeAnalisa
Dalamperancangan ini melakukan analisa sustu sistem yang sudah ada. Bagaimana sistemitu berjalan dan apakah kekurangan dari sistem tersebut.
2. Metodeperancangan
Dalammetode perancangan ini kita dapat mengetahui bagaimana sistem itu dibuat ataudirancang dan alat apa saja yang dibutuhkan. Melalui tahapan pembuatanflowchart dari sistem yang akan dibuat dan pembuatan desain aplikasipengontrolan berupa perancangan perangkat lunak (Software) dan perangkat keras(hardware).
3. Metodeprototipe
Metodeprototipe yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah penulis melakukanpengembangan terhadap arduino agar dapat menerima data dari aplikasi yangterdapat di smartphone.
4. MetodeTesting
Padametode pengujian ini yang dipakai adalah metode testing blackbox, yang nantiakan dibahas pada BAB IV.
3.3. Diagram Blok
Gambar 3.1 Blok Diagram
Keterangandan penjelasan diagram blok di atas adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Smartphoneandroid merupakan perangkat yang digunakan untuk menjalankan aplikasi yangberfungsi untuk mengalihkan data notifikasi Pesan Singkat dan panggilan masukke arduino pro micro.
2. Modulbluetooth HC-05 merupakan perangkat yang dapat menerima dan mengirim sinyaluntuk komunikasi antara smartphone android dengan mikrokontroller arduino promicro.
3. Mikrokontrollerarduino pro micro merupakan komponen untuk memproses data notifikasi yang dikirimoleh smartphone untuk di proses mikrokontroller arduino pro micro.
4. Powersupply 5V merupakan catu daya untuk memberi tegangan bagi mikrokntrollerarduino pro micro.
5. ICconverter 3V merupakan komponen untuk mengubah tegangan 5V dari power supplymenjadi 3V untuk tegangan yang dibutuhkan Modul bluetooth HC-05.
6. OLEDdisplay 128x64 dalam perangkat ini sebagai media antarmuka untuk melihatnotifikasi yang muncul di smartphone.
3.4. Cara Kerja Alat
Perangkatnotifikasi yang dirancang nantinya memiliki cara kerja alat sebagai berikut :
1. Perangkatnotifikasi dipastikan terhubung dengan power supply 5 Volt, untuk mengaktifkankomponen mikrokontroller, arduino pro micro, modul bluetooth HC-05, dan OLEDDisplay akan muncul tampilan awal dari perangkat notifikasi.
2. Smartphoneandroid yang sudah terdapat aplikasi untuk mengambil data notifikasi pesansingkat dan panggilan masuk, di haruskan terhubung dengan arduino pro microdengan media bluetooth.
3. apabilasmartphone dan perangkat notifikasi terhubung, maka notifikasi pesan singkatdan panggilan masuk akan diolah aplikasi untuk mengirimkan ke arduino pro microyang nantinya akan muncul tampilan bahwa ada pesan singkat atau panggilan yangmasuk pada OLED display.
3.5. Pembuatan Alat
Perancanganyang dimaksudkan pada perangkat ini meliputi perancangan perangkat keras(hardware) dan perangkat lunak (software).
Secaraumum pada perancangan perangkat ini seperti yang ditunjukkan diagram blok pada gambar 3.1. perangkat yangdirancang akan membentuk suatu “PROTOTIPEPERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO”.
Perancanganperangkat secara keseluruhan memerlukan beberapa alat dan bahan yang digunakanuntuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam pembuatan perangkat, adapun deskripsi alat danbahan sebagai berikut :
A. Alat yang digunakan meliputi :
1. Personalcomputer (PC) atau laptop
2. Softwarebasic4android
3. SoftwareArduino 1.0
4. KabelUSB micro
5. Smartphoneandroid
6. Solder
7. Tangpotong
B. Bahan – bahan yang digunakan :
1. ArduinoPro Micro
2. ModulBluetooth HC-05
3. OLEDDisplay 128x64
4. ICRegulator AMS 1117 3V
5. PapanPCB
6. Catudaya 5 Volt
7. Timah
8. Kabeljumper
3.5.1. Perancangan perangkat keras(hardware)
1. Rangkaian Catu Daya 5V DC
Agaralat yang di rancang dapat bekerja sesuai dengan fungsinya, maka diperlukansumber tegangan listrik sebagai catu daya. Perangkat ini menggunakan catu dayayang merubah tegangan bolak-balik (AC) menjadi tegangan searah (DC). Rangkaiancatu daya yang digunakan mendapatkan sumber tegangan dari PLN sebesar 220V AC.Tegangan tersebut kemudian diturunkan menjadi 7,5 AC melalui trafo penuruntegangan (step down).
Tegangan7,5 AC tersebut kemudian diserahkan menjadi tegangan DC oleh dioda bridge.Keluaran dari diode bridge ini kemudian masuk ke kapasitor yang bertujuan untukmengurangi noise pada tegangan DC. Agar output 7,5 V DC menjadi 5V DC makategangan 7,5V DC dihubungkan ke rangkaian regulator LM7805.
pada rangkaian catu daya ini akandigunakan untuk memberikan tegangan kerja pada Arduino sebesar 5V DC.
Gambar 3.2. Rangkaian Catu Daya
2. Rangkaian Catu daya 3V DC
Rangkaiancatu daya 3 Volt DC dibutuhkan untuk modul bluetooth HC-05 karena hanyamembutuhkan 3 Volt, sumber catu daya 3 Volt berasal dari catu daya 5 Volt yangakan di konversi menjadi 3 Volt menggunakan IC Regulator AMS 1117 3V, rangkaiandapat dilihat pada gambar dibawah ini:
Gambar 3.3. RangkaianConverter 3 volt
3. Rangkaianmodul Bluetooth
(B)
(A)
Gambar3.4. (a) Tampilan Fisik Modul bluetooth HC-05, (b) letak Pin Module bluetoothHC-05
Dalamperancangan Bluetooth ini, menggunakan modul Bluetooth HC-05. Yang memiliki spesifikasi sebagai berikut :
o Bluetooth protocal: BluetoothSpecification v2.0+EDR
o Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band
o Modulation: GFSK(Gaussian Frequency ShiftKeying)
o Emission power: ≤4dBm, Class 2
o Sensitivity: ≤-84dBm at 0.1% BER
o Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160kbps,
o Synchronous: 1Mbps/1Mbps
o Security: Authentication and encryption
o Profiles: Bluetooth serial port
o Power supply: +3.3VDC 50mA
o Working temperature: -20 ~ +75 Centigrade
o Dimension: 26.9mm x 13mm x 2.2 mm
Adapunrangkaian modul Bluetooth HC-05 yangdipasangkan pada arduino Pro Micro yaitu pin GND, VCC, RX dan TX. Dapat dilihatpada gambar dibawah ini :
Gambar3.5. Rangkaian Modul bluetooth dengan arduino Pro micro
sesuaigambar 3.4. , pin – pin yang dimiliki modul bluetooth disambungkan ke pin – pinyang dimiliki arduino pro micro, berikut tabel dari pin yang digunakan danpenjelasannya.
Tabel3.1. Konfigurasi Pin arduino pro micro dan Modul bluetooth
Pin Modul bluetooth HC-05
Pin Arduino Pro Micro
Penjelasan
Pin TXD
Pin 9
Berfungsi sebagai pin penerima data komunikasi serial bagi Arduino Pro Micro
Pin RXD
Pin 8
Berfungsi sebagai pin penerima data komunikasi serial bagi Arduino Pro Micro
Pin VCC
Pin VCC
Berfungsi sebagai sumber tegangan bagi modul bluetooth
Pin GND
Pin GND
Berfungsi sebagai ground bagi modul bluetooth
4. RangkaianModul OLED Display
Gambar3.6. Rangkaian skematik Modul OLED Display dengan Arduino pro micro
Sesuaigambar 3.5. pin – pin yang dimiliki modul OLED Display disambungkan ke pin –pin untuk komunikasi I2C yang dimiliki arduino pro micro, berikut tabel daripin yang digunakan dan penjelasannya.
Tabel3.2. Konfigurasi Pin arduino pro micro dan Modul OLED Display
Pin OLED Display
Pin Arduino Pro Micro
Penjelasan
Pin SDA
Pin 2
Berfungsi sebagai pin penerima dan pengirim data dengan komunikasi I2C bagi Arduino Pro Micro
Pin SCL
Pin 3
Berfungsi sebagai pin clock bagi komunikasi I2C antara OLED Display dan Arduino Pro Micro
Pin VCC
Pin VCC
Berfungsi sebagai sumber tegangan bagi modul bluetooth
Pin GND
Pin GND
Berfungsi sebagai ground bagi modul bluetooth
5. RangkaianKeseluruhan
Gambar3.7. Rangkaian keseluruhan sistem
Rangkaian keseluruhan darisistem ini merupakan penggabungan dari beberapa rangkaian seperti rangkaianModul OLED Display dengan komunikasi I2C, Modul Bluetooth HC-05 dengankomunikasi serial untuk komunikasi antara arduino pro micro dan smartphone, dansebagai tambahan IC converter 5 volt ke 3 volt. Tegangan 3 volt digunakan modulbluetooth HC-05.
3.5.2. PerancanganPerangkat Lunak (Software)
1. Basic4Android
Untukmembuat sebuah aplikasi android diperlukan sebuah development tools berbasis Javatetapi untuk penelitian ini penulis menggunakan Basic4Android karena developmenttools ini berbasis Object OrientedProgramming Language yang memiliki sintaks sama persis seperti Visual Basic. Basic4Android didesain sedemikian rupa sehinggamemudahkan developer untukmengembangkan aplikasi android menggunakan bahasa Visual Basic dan IDE yang mudah untuk digunakan.
Berikut adalah rancangan dari tampilan aplikasiuntuk notifikasi Pesan singkat dan panggilan masuk.
Gambar 3.8. DesainTampilan awal dari aplikasi
Desaintampilan awal pada gambar 3.3. berfungsi bagi smartphone android untuk memulaikoneksi pada perangkat notifikasi melalui bluetooth disaat tombol Search fordevice di sentuh.
Gambar3.9. Desain Tampilan Utama Aplikasi
Desain tampilanutama pada gambar 3.4. berfungsi untuk melakukan pengaturan dari perangkatnotifikasi, pengaturan dalam aplikasi ini yaitu mengaktifkan ataumenonaktifkan notifikasi pesan masukpanggilan masuk.
2. Arduino IDE
Untuk Memprogram Mikrokontroller ArduinoPro Micro dibutuhkan software Arduino IDE (IntegratedDevelopment Environment) karena software ini mudah dalam membuatfungsi-fungsi logika dasar mikrokontroller dan sangat mudah di mengerti karenamenggunakan bahasa C, selain Software Arduino IDE untuk memasukkan programkedalam sebuah mikrokontroler Arduino Pro micro,dibutuhkan Driver USB, dan IDE Arduino 1.0.5
3.6. Flowchart
Gambar3.10. Flowchart Sistem
3.7. Permasalahan yang dihadapi danalternatif pemecahan masalah
3.7.1. Permasalahan yang dihadapi
Bagipengguna smartphone, tidak terdengarnyapemberitahuan dari ponsel jika ada pesan singkat masuk atau panggilan masukcukup mengganggu aktifitas pengguna smartphone yang sedang menunggu informasipenting baik lewat pesan singkat maupun panggilan telepon.
Setelahmengamati dan meneliti dari permasalahan yang ada, terdapat beberapapermasalahn yang dihadapi, antara lain :
1. Apakah aplikasi android bisa mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang barumasuk ke Smartphone?
2. Bagaimana membuat perangkat berbasis Arduino yang mampu menjadi media antarmukapemberitahuan pesan singkat yang barumasuk ke Smartphone?
3. Bagaimana komunikasi antara aplikasiberbasis android dengan perangkat Arduino?
3.7.2. Alternatif pemecahan masalah
Setelahmengamati dan meneliti dari permasalahan yang terjadi, terdapat beberapa alternatifpemecahan dari permasalahan yang dihadapi, antara lain :
1. Membuataplikasi android yang bisa mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang barumasuk ke smartphone.
2. Merancangperangkat berbasis arduino yang mampu menjadi media antarmuka pemberitahuanpesan singkat yang baru masuk ke Smartphone?
3. Merancangsistem komunikasiantara aplikasi berbasis androiddengan perangkat Arduino?
Aplikasi yang diibuat diharapkan memiliki kemampuanuntuk mengalihkan sistem pemberitahuan yang dimiliki smartphone ke perangkatberbasis arduino.
3.8. User Requirement
3.8.1. ElisitasiTahap I
Elisitasitahap I disusun berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan stakeholder mengenai seluruh rancangan sistem Perangkatpemberitahuan suatu smartphone. Berikut tabel Elisitasi Tahap I:
Tabel 3.3. Elisitasi Tahap I
Functional
Analisa Kebutuhan
Saya ingin sistem dapat:
1
Mempermudah dalam penggunaan smartphone
2
Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat
3
Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk
4
Pengontrolan melalui jaringan bluetooth
5
Kompatibel dengan seluruh tipe smartphone android
6
Bekerja secara Embedded System
7
Aplikasi Android memiliki tampilan yang sederhana tetapi menarik
8
Perangkat bisa dibawa kemana-mana
9
Perangkat tidak perlu disambung ke sumber listrik PLN
10
Aplikasi android dapat dijalankan pada sistem operasi minimal Gingerbread
11
Perangkat memiliki ukuran yang kecil
12
Perangkat memiliki lampu LED sebagai indikator pemberitahuan
13
Perangkat dapat menampilkan jumlah pesan yang baru masuk
14
Perangkat menggunakan sumber daya listrik dari battery
15
Perangkat memiliki battery yang tahan hingga berbulan-bulan
16
Pemberitahuan dari perangkat hanya berupa tampilan
17
Pemberitahuan dari perangkat tidak mengeluarkan suara
18
Perangkat menggunakan LED display berupa text untuk fungsi pemberitahuan
19
Aplikasi Android dapat tersambung secara otomatis dengan perangkat
Non Functional
Saya ingin sistem dapat:
1
Penggunaan sederhana dan User Friendly
2
Dikontrol tanpa kabel
Penyusun
(Handri Samanta) Nim : 1031465047
Stakeholder
( )
3.8.2. ElisitasiTahap II
Elisitasi Tahap II dibentuk berdasarkan Elisitasi Tahap Iyang kemudian diklasifikasikan lagi dengan menggunakan metode MDI. BerdasarkanTabel 3.4. terdapat 2 functional dan1 nonfunctional optionnya Inessential (I) dan harus dieliminasi.Semua requirement tersebut merupakanbagian dari sistem yang dibahas, namun sifatnya tidak terlalu penting karenawalaupun ke-3 requirement tersebuttidak dipenuhi, sistem pengontrolan dapat running tanpa error.
Sesuai dengan ruang lingkup penelitian yang telah dijelaskanpada bab sebelumnya, maka semua requirement di atas diberi opsi I (Inessential)dan yang dapat terlihat pada tabel elisitasi berikut ini :
Tabel 3.4. Elisitasi Tahap II
Functional
Analisa Kebutuhan
Saya ingin sistem dapat:
M
D
I
1
Mempermudah dalam penggunaan smartphone
ü
2
Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat
ü
3
Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk
ü
4
Pengontrolan melalui jaringan bluetooth
ü
5
Kompatibel dengan seluruh tipe smartphone android
ü
6
Bekerja secara Embedded System
ü
7
Aplikasi Android memiliki tampilan yang sederhana tetapi menarik
ü
8
Perangkat bisa dibawa kemana-mana
ü
9
Perangkat tidak perlu disambung ke sumber listrik PLN
ü
10
Aplikasi android dapat dijalankan pada sistem operasi minimal Gingerbread
ü
11
Perangkat memiliki ukuran yang kecil
ü
12
Perangkat memiliki lampu LED sebagai indikator pemberitahuan
ü
13
Perangkat dapat menampilkan jumlah pesan yang baru masuk
ü
14
Perangkat menggunakan sumber daya listrik dari battery
ü
15
Perangkat memiliki battery yang tahan hingga berbulan-bulan
ü
16
Pemberitahuan dari perangkat hanya berupa tampilan
ü
17
Pemberitahuan dari perangkat mengeluarkan suara
ü
18
Perangkat menggunakan LED display berupa text untuk fungsi pemberitahuan
ü
19
Aplikasi Android dapat tersambung secara otomatis dengan perangkat
ü
Non Functional
Saya ingin sistem dapat:
1
Penggunaan sederhana dan User Friendly
ü
2
Dikontrol tanpa kabel
ü
Keterangan :
M = Mandatory D = Desirable
I = Inessential
3.8.3. Elisitasi Tahap III
Berdasarkan Elisitasi Tahap II diatas, dibentuklah Elisitasi Tahap III yang diklasifikasikan kembali denganmenggunakan metode TOE dengan opsi HML. Berikut tabel elisitasi tahap IIItersebut:
Tabel 3.5. Elisitasi Tahap III
Functional
Analisis Kebutuhan
Saya ingin sistem dapat :
NO
URAIAN
T
O
E
L
M
H
L
M
H
L
M
H
1
Mempermudah dalam penggunaan smartphone
ü
ü
ü
2
Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat
ü
ü
ü
3
Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk
ü
ü
ü
4
Pengontrolan melalui jaringan bluetooth
ü
ü
ü
5
Kompatibel dengan seluruh tipe smartphone android
ü
ü
ü
6
Bekerja secara Embedded System
ü
ü
ü
7
Aplikasi Android memiliki tampilan yang sederhana tetapi menarik
ü
ü
ü
8
Perangkat bisa dibawa kemana-mana
ü
ü
ü
9
Aplikasi android dapat dijalankan pada sistem operasi minimal Gingerbread
ü
ü
ü
10
Perangkat memiliki ukuran yang kecil
ü
ü
ü
11
Perangkat memiliki lampu LED sebagai indikator pemberitahuan
ü
ü
ü
12
Pemberitahuan dari perangkat hanya berupa tampilan
ü
ü
ü
13
Perangkat menggunakan sumber daya listrik dari battery
ü
ü
ü
14
Perangkat menggunakan LED display berupa text untuk fungsi pemberitahuan
ü
ü
ü
15
Aplikasi Android dapat tersambung secara otomatis dengan perangkat
ü
ü
ü
Non Functional
NO.
URAIAN
T
O
E
L
M
H
L
M
H
L
M
H
1
Penggunaan sederhana dan User Friendly
ü
ü
ü
Keterangan :
T : Technical L : Low
O : Operational M : Middle
E : Economic H : High
3.8.4. Final Elisitasi
Finalelisitasi merupakan bentuk akhir dari tahap-tahap elisitasi yang dapatdijadikan acuan dan dasar pengembangan sistem Perangkat Notifikasi Smartphoneberbasis Arduino pro Micro. Berdasarkan elisitasi tahap III diatas,dihasilkanlah 11 fucntional dan 1 nonfucntional final elisitasi yangdiharapkan dapat mempermudah dalam membuat suatu sistem pengontrolannya.Berikut tabel final elisitasi tersebut:
Tabel 3.6. Final Elisitasi
Functional
Analisis Kebutuhan
1
Mempermudah dalam penggunaan smartphone
2
Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat
3
Dapat memunculkan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk
4
Pengontrolan melalui jaringan bluetooth
5
Kompatibel dengan seluruh tipe smartphone android
6
Bekerja secara Embedded System
7
Aplikasi Android memiliki tampilan yang sederhana tetapi menarik
8
Perangkat bisa dibawa kemana-mana
9
Pemberitahuan dari perangkat hanya berupa tampilan
10
Perangkat menggunakan sumber daya listrik dari battery
11
Perangkat menggunakan LED display berupa text untuk fungsi pemberitahuan
Non Functional
1
Penggunaan sederhana dan User Friendly
Penyusun
(Handri Samanta) NIM: 1031465047
Mengetahui,
Pembimbing I
Pembimbing II
(Asep Saefullah, S.Pd.,M.Kom)
NID: 06121
(M. Ibnu Safari, S.Kom, M.Kom) NID: 14009
Menyetujui,
Stakeholder
Kepala Jurusan
(Imam Sibro Malisi)
(Ferry Sudarto, S.Kom., M.Pd) NIP: 079010
BAB IV
BAB IV HASIL DAN UJI COBA 4.1. ProsedurSistem Usulan Sistem perangkatnotifikasi untuk smartphone ini mampu menampilkan pemberitahuanpesan singkat yang baru masuk dan panggilan masuk.Alat ini bekerja berdasarkan data pada aplikasi smartphone yang dapat mengambil data suatupemberitahuan di smartphone dan mengirim data tersebut ke Arduno melaluiBluetooth. 1. Jikarangkaian arduino diberi catu daya yaitu 5 volt dan 3 volt untuk OLED Displaydan Modul Bluetooth, maka akan muncul tampilan awal dari OLED Display dan ModulBluetooth akan berjalan dan bersiap untuk menerima koneksi dari smartphone. 2. Alatakan bekerja jika Bluetooth aktif yang sudah terpasang pada arduino boarddengan input tegangan 3.3 volt. 3. TampilanPemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk akan muncul jika arduino menerimadata untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk. 4. TampilanPemberitahuan panggilan yang baru masuk akan muncul jika arduino menerima datauntuk menampilkan pemberitahuan panggilan yang baru masuk. 5. Dalamaplikasi android terdapat beberapa tombol dengan fungsi untuk melakukansambungan dengan perangkat notifikasi berbasis arduino.
4.2. FlowchatProgram yang Diusulkan
Adapun Flowchartprogram yang diusulkan bisa dilihat gambar dibawah ini :
Gambar4.1 flowchart aplikasi android
Berdasarkan flowchart aplikasiandroid pada gambar 4.1, sistem aplikasi android di awali dengan menampilkantampilan awal dan mencari bluetooth dan setelahnya diikuti cek kondisi apakah bluetoothsmartphone dalam kondisi menyala atau tidak. Jika menyala maka aplikasi akanlangsung berjalan dan bersiap mengolah data pesan singkat masuk dan panggilanmasuk.
Gambar4.2 flowchart program Arduino Sedangkan programarduino di awali dengan menginisialisasi OLED Display dan port serialsebagaimana gambar flowchart program arduino pada gambar 4.2. setelah itu OLED display akan menampilkantampilan awal dari perangkat dan bersiap mengolah data yang diterima dariandroid apakah OLED display menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan masuk ataupanggilan masuk yang baru.
4.3. KonfigurasiSistem Usulan
4.3.1. SpesifikasiHardware
Adapun spesifikasi hardware yangdigunakan adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Laptop atau PC
- Processor : Pentium 4
- Monitor : LCD 14”
- RAM : 2 GB
- HD :100 GB
Dalampembuatan aplikasi android menggunakan Basic4Android dan membuat program yangakan di upload ke arduino dibutuhkan satu unit komputer dengan spesifikasicukup karena aplikasi sendiri tidak terlalu membutuhkan spesifikasi tinggi.
2. OLED Display 128x64
Digunakannyamodul OLED display 128x64 dirasa cukup dari ukuran layar yang berukuran 128 x64 pixel dan ukuran fisik 0,96 inci, selain itu dari sisi harga lebih ekonomisdibanding tipe lain karena memiliki lebih dari satu warna.
3. Modul BluetoothHC-05
Modulbluetooth HC-05 merupakan modul bluetooth yang cukup populer digunakan karenadari sisi harga lebih murah dan mudah didapat dibanding Modul bluetooth tipe LE
4. Arduino Pro Micro
Mikrokontroller yang digunakan adalah ATMega32u4yang sudah tertanam pada modul Arduino Pro Micro, digunakanya arduino pro microkarena memiliki ukuran yang kecil dari memiliki ukuran memori sebesar 32 KB.
5. SmartphoneAndroid
6. KabelUSB
7. CatuDaya
4.3.2. Aplikasiyang Digunakan
Adapun aplikasi yang digunakanadalah sebagai berikut :
1. SoftwareArduino IDE
Untuk membuat program yang akan di upload ke arduinodibutuhkan software editor yang bernama arduino IDE
2. Software Basic4Android
Aplikasi android yang dibuat menggunakan bahasabasic sehingga dibutuhkan aplikasi untuk membuat suatu aplikasi android yangbernama basic4Android
3. Ms.Office 2007
Untuk membuat semua laporan skripsi atau mengetikdibutuhkan aplikasi office untuk melakukan hal tersebut, untuk itu digunakanMicrosoft Office 2007 sebagai aplikasi office.
4. Paint
Aplikasi Paint dalam perancangan dibutuhkan untukmembuat gambar dari diagram blok dari perangkat notifikasi ini sebagai gambaransederhana proses input atau output dari tiap-tiap rangkaian.
5. Fritzing
Software fritzing dibutuhkan dalam membuat gambarrangkaian dari perangkat notifikasi yang akan dimuat.
4.4. Testingatau pengujian Setelahmelakukan berbagai tahapan perancangan dan pemasangan komponen, selanjutnyaadalah melakukan serangkaian uji coba pada masing – masing blok rangkaian yangbertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai. Adapun pembahasan hasil uji cobaagar lebih jelas dan dapat dipahami mengenai beberapa ragkaian sistem yangdipakai, dapat dilihat pada sub bab berikut. 4.4.1. MetodeBlack Box
Tabel4.1. Pengujian Blackbox pada OLEDDisplay, Aplikasi Android dan Modul Bluetooth.
No
Nama Form
Kondisi Pengujian
Hasil Pengujian
1
OLED Display
Di beri data ‘a’
Muncul tampilan Pemberitahuan pesan
Di beri data ‘b’
Muncul tampilan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk
Awal dinyalakan
Muncul tampilan awal perangkat
2
Aplikasi Android
Ada pesan masuk ke smartphone
Mengirim data karakter ‘a’ ke arduino
Ada panggilan masuk ke smartphone
Mengirim data karakter ‘b’ ke arduino
3
Modul Bluetooth
Diberi tegangan 3 Volt
Sinyal bluetooth dapat terdeteksi smartphone
No
Nama Pengujian
Hasil Yang Diharapkan
Hasil Pengujian
Status
1.
OLED Display
Muncul tampilan Pemberitahuan pesan
OLED Display menampilkan teks yang bertuliskan pemberitahuan pesan masuk baru
Diterima
2
Muncul tampilan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk
OLED Display menampilkan teks yang bertuliskan pemberitahuan panggilan masuk baru
Diterima
3.
Muncul tampilan awal perangkat
Saat perangkat dinyalakan muncul tampilan awal pada OLED Display
Diterima
4.
Aplikasi Android
Mengirim data karakter ‘a’ ke arduino
Saat ada pesan masuk ke smartphone, aplikasi mengirim data karakter ‘a’ ke arduino
Diterima
Mengirim data karakter ‘b’ ke arduino
Saat ada panggilan masuk ke smartphone, aplikasi mengirim data karakter ‘b’ ke arduino
Diterima
5.
Modul Bluetooth
Sinyal bluetooth dapat terdeteksi smartphone
Sinyal bluetooth dari modul terdeteksi oleh smartphone dengan nama “HC-05”
Diterima
4.4.2. PengujianRangkaian Modul OLED Display 128x64
Pada uji cobaberikut ini adalah pengujian rangkaian Modul OLED Display dengan Arduino proMicro, apakah dapat menampilkan tulisan sesuai dengan program yang di upload keArduino Pro Micro.
1. OLEDDisplay digunakan untuk menampilkan tampilan awal saat diberi tegangan catudaya.
Berikut hasil pengujiannya pada gambardibawah ini :
Gambar4.3. OLED Display sebagai penampil notifikasi Smartphone 4.4.3. PengujianRangkaian Modul Bluetooth HC-05 Pada uji cobarangkaian modul bluetooth ini mempunyai empat port penghubung yaitu RX (Receiver) sebagai penerima data, TX (Transmitter) pengirim data, VCC sebagai tegangan positif, dan Ground Sebagai tegangan negatif.Masing-masing port modul bluetooth tersebut akan dipasangkan pada port arduinoyaitu port RX modul bluetooth dipasang pada port TX atau pin 9 pada arduino promicro, port TX modul bluetooth dipasang pada port RX atau pin 8 pada arduinopro micro. Jika bluetooth tersebut sudah terhubung dan sudah aktif indikasinyalampu led yang ada pada modul bluetooth tersebut akan menyala dan siap untuk discanning oleh smartphone. Dapat dilihat pada gambar dibawah ini :
Gambar4.4. Rangkaian Modul Bluetooth 4.4.4. Pengujian Perangkat Bluetooth Setelahpemasangan port-port modul bluetooth pada arduino, selanjutnya pengujianperangkat bluetooth, apakah bluetooth pada robot bisa didapatkan dan terhubungdengan perangkat bluetooth smartphoneandroid. Pada pengujian ini sudah berhasil terhubung, dapat dilihat padagambar dibawah ini :
Gambar 4.5. Scanning Bluetooth oleh Smartphone Android
4.4.5. Pengujian Aplikasi Android
Setelahaplikasi sudah terhubung dengan perangkat Bluetooth HC-05, selanjutnyapengujian aplikasi android pada smartphone. Ada beberapa Bagian checkbox untuk menentukanfungsi apa saja yang akan digunakan dalam perangkat ini, yaitu checkboxaktifkan notifikasi pesan dan checkbox aktifkan notifikasi panggilan, dapatdilihat pada gambar dibawah ini:
Gambar4.6. Aplikasi Android Perangkat Notifikasi berbasis Arduino
Tabel4.2 Pengujian Blackbox pada AplikasiAndroid
No
Pengujian
Test Case
Hasil yang diharapkan
Hasil Pengujian
1
Layer Menu Awal yang tidak mengaktifkan Bluetooth
Tidak terkoneksi dengan Bluetooth
Sistem tidak akan Menampilkan menu utama pengontrolan dan akan secara otomatis mengaktifkan Bluetooth
Sesuai Harapan
2
Layer Menu Awal yang terkoneksi dengan Bluetooth
Terkoneksi dengan Bluetooth
Sistem akan langsung menampilkan menu utama pengontrolan
Sesuai Harapan
3
Check box aktifkan notifikasi pesan masuk
Check box di ceklist
Akan mengaktifkan sistem notifikasi pesan pada smartphone
Sesuai Harapan
4
Check box aktifkan notifikasi panggilan masuk
Check box di ceklist
Akan mengaktifkan sistem notifikasi pesan pada smartphone
Sesuai Harapan
4.5. Implementasi
4.5.1. Schedule
Tahap implementasi penelitian iniberlangsung selama 10 minggu kepada stakeholder yang bekerja sebagai staff Desa,di mulai dari minggu terakhir bulan oktober tepatnya pada tanggal 28 oktober2014 sampai minggu pertama dari bulan januari 2015 pada tanggal 5.
1. Observasi
Melakukan pengamatan dan pemahaman yang didapat di lapanganuntuk mengetahui proses pengerjaan dan memperoleh data dan informasi tentang jenis bahan atau peralatanapa saja yang dibutuhkan, dilakukan 1 minggu.
2. Mengumpulkan data Proses pengumpulan datadilakukan untuk mencarisumber dan mengetahui beberapa teori yang digunakan dalampembuatan sistem dilakukan selama 1 minggu . 3. Perancangan sistem Dalam perancangan sistem ini terbagi menjadi dua, perancangan hardware dan software merupakan prosesyang dilakukan agar dapat menghasilkan suatu rancangan yang mudah dipahami olehuser. Perancangan sistem dilakukanselama 5 minggu. 4. Pengujian sistem Pengujian sistem dilakukan untuk mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan yang ada, dan untuk memastikanpemasangan hardware dan Software. Pengetesandilakukan selama 1 minggu 5. Evaluasi sistem Untuk mengetahui kesalahandan kekurangan dari program yang dibuat maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi program,kegiatan ini dilakukan selama 1 minggu. 6. Implementasi sistem Setelah diketahuikelayakan dari program yang dibuat, maka akan dilakukan implementasi program.Dan implementasi program dilakukan selama 2 minggu bersamaan dengan training user. 7. DokumentasiProgram
Sistem yang dibuat didokumentasikan selama penelitian dan perancangan berlangsung.
Tabel 4.3. Tabel Rencana Implementasi Program
No.
Jenis Kegiatan
Minggu Ke-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
Pengumpulan Data
2
Perancangan sistem
3
Uji Sistem
5
Evaluasi Sistem
7
Training User
8
Implementasi Sistem
9
Dokumentasi Program
Setelahmelakukan uji coba alat, selanjutnya implementasi alat. Kebutuhan aplikasi danprototype untuk sistem yang akan diimplementasikan adalah sebagai berikut:
1) Kebutuhan aplikasi
- 1 unit smartphone berbasis Android
2) Kebutuhan perangkat notifikasi
-Arduino Pro Micro : sebagai media pengolahdata yang dikirimkan smartphone untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan denganmenggunakan Mikrokontroller ATMega32u4.
- OLED DisplayModule 128x64 : dibutuhkan sebagai media untuk menampilkan notifikasi yang telah diolaharduino.
- Bluetoothmodul HC-05 : 1 unit sebagai media komunikasi antara smartphonedan arduino.
- Catu daya : untuk memberikantegangan yang dibutuhkan oleh perangkat berbasis arduino.
Aplikasiandroid memiliki beberapa fungsi : 1) Mengaktifkan pemberitahuan pesan masuk pada smartphone. 2) Mengaktifkan pemberitahuan pesan masuk pada smartphone. Aplikasi dipasang pada smartphone yang berbasis Android dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Sony Xperia E1 KitKat. Aplikasi yangdibuat dapat berkomunikasi dengan perangkat notifikasi berbasis arduino promicro pintu menggunakan koneksi Bluetooth..
4.6. EstimasiBiaya AdapunEstimasi biaya sistem keseluruhan yang dibuat dan yang dibutuhkan. Tabel4.4. Estimasi Biaya
No
Kebutuhan
Qty
Biaya
Total
1
Arduino Pro Micro Board
1
Rp. 150.000
Rp. 150.000
2
Modul Bluetooth
1
Rp. 100.000
Rp. 100.000
3
OLED Display 128x64
1
Rp. 100.000
Rp. 100.000
5
IC regulator 3.3v
1
Rp. 5.000
Rp. 5.000
6
Battery 5V
1
Rp. 100.000
Rp. 100.000
Jumlah
Rp. 455.000
BAB V
BAB V PENUTUP5.1. Kesimpulan
Dari perancangan dan implementasiyang dilakukan ada beberapa kesimpulan antara lain :
5.1.1. Kesimpulan Terhadap RumusanMasalah
1. Aplikasi yang dirancang dengan BahasaPemrograman Basic4Android mampu mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat danpanggilan yang baru masuk ke smartphone, dan dapat di implementasikan padapengguna dalam beraktifitas sehari-harinya.
2. Media antarmuka dari pemberitahuan pesansingkat dan panggilan masuk menggunakan Arduino Pro Micro sebagai pengolah datayang diterima dari Smartphone.
3. Aplikasi yang sudah dirancang dan diinstall ke smartphone berkomunikasi dengan Arduino Pro Micro dengan mediabluetoooth, modul bluetooth pun sudah terpasang dengan Arduino Pro Microsebagai penerima data dari smartphone dengan memanfaatkan fasilittas komunikasiserial pada Arduino Pro Micro.
5.1.2. Kesimpulan Terhadap Tujuan danManfaat
1. Prototipe perangkat notifikasi ini mampumenampilkan data pemberitahuan pesan singkat dan panggilan masuk yang baru darismartphone yang terhubung dengan perangkat notifikasi.
2. Perangkat Notifikasi ini berkomunikasimelalui bluetooth dengan Smartphone atau tanpa kabel sehingga tidak mengganggupengguna dalam pemanfaatan perangkat.
3. Pengguna dipermudah dalam beraktifitaskarena dapat melihat pemberitahuan pesan singkat atau panggilan masuk darismartphone dan tidak perlu dikeluarkan dari tas atau saku pakaian.
5.1.3. Kesimpulan Terhadap MetodePenelitian
1. Bahwa perangkat notifikasi untuk smartphone belum ada yang menggunakan dilingkungan pengguna, sehinggapeneliti membuat penelitian ini.
2. Perangkatnotifikasi untuk smrtphone berbasis arduino pro micro dapat menampilkanpemberitahuan pesan masuk dan panggilan masuk yang baru dari smartphone yangsudah terhubung ke perangkat notifikasi melalui bluetooth. Sehingga dapatmempermudah pengguna dalam beraktifitas.
5.2. Saran
Berdasarkan perancangan dan kesimpulan diatas, adabeberapa saran yang dapat diberikan dalam rangka pengembangan prototipeperangkat notifikasi smartphone berbasis Arduino pro micro yaitu :
1. Perangkat notifikasi dapat memilikibattery yang memiliki daya tahan yang lebih lama dan ukurannya lebih kecil
2. Perangkat notifikasi ini dapatmenampilkan isi dari pesan singkat atau siapa yang melakukan panggilan kesmartphone pengguna
3. Perangkat ini dapat terhubung secaraotomatis ke smartphone
4. Aplikasi yang terdapat pada smartphonedapat berjalan di belakang layar.
5. Perangkat notifikasi memiliki komponenRTC agar dapat menampilkan waktu atau tanggal.
5.3. Kesan
Adapun kesan yang didapatkan setelah melakukan penelitian dan penulisanskripsi ini, diantaranya :
1. Mendapatkan banyak wawasan dan ilmupengetahuan yang tidak didapat dalam perkuliahan.
2. Menambah ilmu sosial terhadapmasyarakat, dan instansi terkait.
3. Belajar bagaimana menanggapipermasalahan dilingkungan masyarakat khususnya dibidang teknologi.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Budiharto.“MembangunJaringanKomputer& Internet”. Jakarta:mediakita Franky Chandra, Deni Arifianto. 2011. “Jago Elektronika Rangkaian Otomatis”. Jakarta:Grasindo Malik.,danUnggul Juwana, Mohammad.”MembangunJaringankomputer& server Internet”. Yogyakarta: Bukuseru Safaat,Nazarudin. 2011. Android Pemrograman Aplikasi Mobile Smartphone dan Tablet PC Berbasis Android, Jakarta:Informatika. Sasankar, A.B, Vinay Chavan. 2011. “Survey of Software Life Cycle Models by Various Documented Standards”. InternatIonal Journal of Computer SCIenCe & Technology IJCST Vol. 2, ISSue4, oCT. - DeC. 2011 Siddiq,Asep Jafar 2012. “Pengujian Perangkat Lunak dengan Metode Black Box Pada Proses Pra Registrasi User Via Website”,Makalah,halaman:4. Simarmata, Janner.2010. "RekayasaPeerangkatLunak”. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset Sucipto. 2011. Konsep dan Teknik pengembangan Sistem berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Banten : Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Banten. Sulindawati dan Muhammad Fathoni.2010. “Pengantar Analisa Sistem Jurnal SAINTIKOM Vol.9,No.2 Agustus 2010:2-19. Sutabri. Tata. 2012. Konsep Sistem Informasi. Yogyakarta: Andi.
Wahana. 2012. Membuat Aplikasi Android Untuk Tablet Dan Handphone. Pt. Elex Media Komputindo Wahana, Komputer. 2010. “Cara Mudah Membangun Jaringan Komputer & Internet”. Jakarta: Mediakita