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==Sistematika Penulisan==
 
==Sistematika Penulisan==
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 42.55pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt 217.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BAB I&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PENDAHULUAN&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikantentang latar belakang masalah, rumusan masalah, ruang lingkup, tujuanpenelitian, manfaat penelitian, metode penelitian dan sistematika penulisanyang digunakan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB II&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; LANDASAN TEORI</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikantentang teori umum yang terdiri dari </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">konsepdasar sistem, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">konsep dasar <i>flowchart</i> dan konsep dasar <i>blackbox</i>,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">konsepdasar prototipe, serta konsep dasar </span><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">mikrokontroller</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,konsep </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komunikasi Serial</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,konsep <i>android smartphone</i>, </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">konsep dasar elektronik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">dan <i>literature review</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB III&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bab ini merupakan pembahasan laporan penulisan skripsi,yang berisi tentang&nbsp;: Analisa blok rangkaian,</span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> analisa perancanganaplikasi <i>android</i></span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">dan fungsi-fungsinya, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">konfigurasi sistem dan flowchart program sertasistem yang dibuat.</span><span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB IV&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RANCANGAN SISTEM YANG DIUSULKAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.65pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam bab inipenulis menguraikan sistem yang akan&nbsp;&nbsp;diusulkan seperti usulan prosedur yang baru, diagram rancangan sistem,rancangan basis data yang terdiri dari normalisasi dan spesifikasi basis data. <i>Flowchart</i> sistem yang diusulkan,rancangan prototipe, konfigurasi sistem, <i>testing</i>,evaluasi, <i>schedulle</i> <i>implementasi</i>, dan estimasi biaya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PENUTUP</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikesimpulan dari hasil pengujian alat dan beberapa saran untuk pengembanganlebih lanjut.<b></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 42.55pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt 217.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BAB I&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PENDAHULUAN&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berisikan tentang latar belakang masalah, rumusan masalah, ruang lingkup, tujuan penelitian, manfaat penelitian, metode penelitian dan sistematika penulisan yang digunakan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.</span></div>
  
  
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=BAB II=
  
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==LANDASAN TEORI==
  
  
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BABII</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">LANDASAN TEORI</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TeoriUmu</span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Teori – teori umum yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniadalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar flowchart<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar blackbox<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar prototipe<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-no-proof: yes;">2.1.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DefinisiSistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">Menurut Sucipto (2011:1), “Sistem adalah kumpulanelemen-elemen yang saling berkaitan dan bertanggung jawab memproses masukan (<i>input</i>) sehingga menghasilkan keluaran (<i>output</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSutabri (2012:10), “Secara sederhana suatu sistem dapat diartikan sebagai suatukumpulan atau himpunan dari unsur, komponen, atau variabel yang terorganisir,saling berinteraksi, saling tergantung satu sama lain, dan terpadu”.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="FontStyle43"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Daripendapat yang dikemukakan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa </span></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">sistem adalah suatu jaringan kerja yangterdiri dari input, proses dan output yang saling terintegrasi dan salingberinteraksi satu sama lain untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KarakteristikSistem</span></b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">Menurut Sucipto (2011:</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">),</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Sistem memiliki sifat-sifat ataukarakteristik, sistem mempunyai beberapa komponen yaitu :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Komponen Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Suatu sistemdapat terdiri dari beberapa komponen yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yanglain dan bekerja sama membentuk satu kesatuan, sistem dapat terdiri daribagian-bagian yang mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda dan saling terhubung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Batasan Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Setiap sistemterdiri dari sub –sub sistem dan setiap sistem/sub sistem mempunyai tata kerjayang berbeda antara satu dengan yang lain, sistem mempunyai kemampuan yangterbatas dan ruang lingkup yang terbatas. Batasan, merupakan batasan-batasanyang ada dalam mencapai tujuan dari sistem, dimana batasan ini dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Prosedural<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya – biaya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Personel<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Peralatan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mekanismepengolahan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Lingkungan Luar Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Baik danburuknya kinerja sistem dapat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan luar sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penghubung Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk dapatberkomunikasi satu sub sistem dengan sub sistem yang lain didukung adanyapenghubung, input suatu sistem dapat berasal dari output sub sistem yang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Masukan Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sesuatu yangdimasukkan dalam sistem sehingga sistem dapat melakukan proses.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Input,merupakan bagian dari sistem yang bertugas untuk menerima data masukan, dimanadata dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Asal masukan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Frekuensi pemasukandata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis pemasukandata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">6)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Keluaran Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hasil dariinputan yang telah dimanipulasi menjadi bentuk yang berbeda. Output, merupakankeluaran atau tujuan akhir dari sistem output dapat berupa :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo49; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Laporan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo49; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Grafik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">7)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengolah Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mekanismemanipulasi yang disebabkan dari masukan dengan menggunakan model atau metodetertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Proses,merupakan bagian yang memproses masukan data menjadi informasi sesuai dengankeinginan penerima :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Klasifikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Peringkasan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pencaharian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">8)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sasaran Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sesuatu yangdapat dicapai dari perpaduan input, proses, dan output yang berupa sasaran(objective) atau tujuan (goal). Tujuan, merupakan tujuan dari sistem tersebutyang dapat berupa :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></a><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tujuan usaha<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kebutuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Prosedur pencapaiantujuan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">9)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrol, merupakan pengawas dari pelaksanaan pencapaian tujuan sistem, yang dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrol pemasukandata (input)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrol pengeluarandata (output)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kontrolpengoperasian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ji0B1rKNgbM/VJVnS0aO1eI/AAAAAAAAAKg/2Ztk7lhNyCI/s1600/ipo.png</div></div><br /><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sumber : Sucipto (2011:5)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 2.1 Karakteristik Suatu Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l58 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KlasifikasiSistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSutabri (2012:22), sistem merupakan suatu bentuk integrasi antara satu komponendengan komponen lainnya karena sistem memiliki sasaranyang berbeda untuk setiapkasus yang terjadi yang ada di dalam sistem tersebut. Oleh karena itu, sistemdapat diklasifikasikan dari beberapa sudut pandang, diantaranya:</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Abstrak danSistem Fisik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem abst</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ak adalah sistem yangberupa pemikiran atau ide-ide yang tidak tampak secara fisik, misalnya sistemteologia, yaitu sistem yang berupa pemikiran hubungan antara manusia denganTuhan, sedangkan sistem fisik merupakan sistem yang ada secara fisik, misalnyasistem komputer, sistem produksi, sistem penjualan, sistem administrasipersonalia, dan lain sebagainya.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Alamiah danSistem Buatan Manusia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem alamiah adalahsistem yang terjadi melalui proses alam, tidak dibuat oleh manusia, misalnyasistem perputaran bumi, terjadinya siang malam, dan pergantian musim. Sedangkansistem buatn manusia merupakan sistemyang melibatkan interaksi manusia denganmesin yang disebut <i>human machine sistem</i>.Sistem informasi berbasis komputer merupakan contoh <i>human machine</i> sistem karena menyangkut penggunaan komputer yangberinteraksi dengan manusia.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Determinasi danSistem Probabilistik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem yang berint</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">e</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">r</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ksi dengan tingkah lakuyang dapat diprediksi disebut sistem <i>deterministic</i>.Sistem komputer adalah contoh dari sistem yang tingkah lakuny</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> dapat dipastikanberdasarkan program-program komputer yang dijalankan. Sedangkan sistem yangbersifat probabilistik adalah sistem yang kondisi masa depannya tidak dapatdiprediksi karena mengandung unsur <i>probabilistic</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem Tertutup danSistem Terbuka<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem tertutupmerupakan sistem yang tidak berhubungan dan tidak terpengaruh oleh lingkung</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">n luarnya. Sistem inibekerja secara otomatis tanpa campur tangan pihak luar. Sedangkan sistem tebukaadalah sistem yang berhubungan dan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan luarnya. Sistemini menerima masukan dan menghasilkan keluaran untuk subsistem lainnya.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo42; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.1.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Flowchart<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Flowchart <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut&nbsp; Adelia&nbsp;dan&nbsp; Jimmy Setiawan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;(2011:116),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">“Flowchart adalah&nbsp; penggambaran secara grafik darilangkah-langkah dan urutan-urutan prosedur dari suatu program”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut&nbsp; Sulindawati&nbsp;dan&nbsp; Muhammad&nbsp; Fathoni (2010:8),&nbsp; “Flowchart adalah penggambaran </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">secara grafik dari langkah-langkah dau urutan-urutan prosedur darisuatu <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">program”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Daripendapat yang dikemukakan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Flowchart&nbsp; adalah bentuk gambar atau diagram yangmempunyai aliran satu atau </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">duaarah secara&nbsp; sekuensial.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Flowchart&nbsp; biasanya&nbsp;mempermudah&nbsp; penyelesaian&nbsp; suatu&nbsp;masalah </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">khususnyamasalah yang perlu dipelajari dan di evaluasi lebih lanjut. Bila </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">seorang analisi dan programmer akan membuatflowchart, ada beberapa </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">petunjukyang harus diperhatikan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Cara Membuat Flowchart <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada&nbsp; beberapa&nbsp;petunjuk&nbsp; dalam&nbsp; pembuatan&nbsp;Flowchart </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSulindawati dan Muhammad Fathoni </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;(2010:8): <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l57 level7 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Flowchart digambarkan dari halaman atas ke bawah dan kiri ke kanan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l57 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Aktifitas yang digambarkan harus didefinisikan secara hati-hati dandefinisi ini harus dapat dimengerti oleh pembacanya. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l57 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kapan aktifitas dimulai dan berakhir harus ditentukan secara jelas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l57 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Setiap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">langkah dari aktivitas harus diuraikan dengan menggunakan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">deskripsi kata kerja. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l57 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Setiap langkah dari aktifitas harus berada pada urutan yang benar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l57 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lingkup dan range dari aktifitas yang sedang digambarkan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">harus </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">ditelusuri dengan hati-hati. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l57 level4 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Gunakan s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">mbol-simbol flowchart yang standar. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l26 level2 lfo29; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Jenis-Jenis Flowchart <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada lima macam flowchartatau bagan alir yang akan dibahas, yaitu <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">sebagaiberikut: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l50 level2 lfo30; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas>  <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>  <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>  <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>  <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>  <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>  <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>  <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>  <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_s1064" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:71.85pt; margin-top:101.35pt;width:314.55pt;height:221.85pt;z-index:14;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.emz"  o:title=""/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 296px; left: 0px; margin-left: 96px; margin-top: 135px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 419px; z-index: 14;"></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan bagan yang menunjukkan alur kerja atau apa yang sedang </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">dikerjakan di dalam system secarakeseluruhan dan menjelaskan urutan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">dari prosedur-prosedur yang ada dalam sistem <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.1. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Sistem</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l37 level2 lfo31; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Dokumen <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1063" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0; text-align:left;margin-left:105.6pt;margin-top:77.1pt;width:230.25pt;height:186pt; z-index:2;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.emz"  o:title=""/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 248px; left: 0px; margin-left: 141px; margin-top: 103px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 307px; z-index: 2;"></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menelusuri alur dari data yang ditulis melalui sistem. Fungsi utamanya </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">untuk menelusuri alur form dan laporan sistemdari satu bagian ke </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">bagianyang lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Gambar 2.</span></b><b>2</b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Bagan Alir Dokumen</span></b><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo32; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Skematik <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1062" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:93.6pt; margin-top:46.6pt;width:291pt;height:213.75pt;z-index:15;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.emz"  o:title=""/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 285px; left: 0px; margin-left: 125px; margin-top: 62px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 388px; z-index: 15;"></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">Mirip dengan Flowchart sistem yang menggambarkan suatu sistem atauprosedur. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="Default" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Gambar2.</span></b><b>3<span lang="EN-US">. <span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">Bagan AlirSkematik </span></span></b><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo33; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Program <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_s1061" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="FlowchartExample.png" style='position:absolute; left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:101.05pt;margin-top:47.05pt;width:189.75pt; height:343.5pt;z-index:-23;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square; mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.png"  o:title="FlowchartExample"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 458px; left: 0px; margin-left: 135px; margin-top: 63px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 253px; z-index: -23;"></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan&nbsp;keterangan&nbsp; yang&nbsp; lebih&nbsp;rinci&nbsp; tentang&nbsp; bagaimana&nbsp;setiap </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">langkah programatau prosedur yang dilaksanakan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 75.25pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 126.4pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.4. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Bagan Alir Program <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo34; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagan Alir Proses <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: -.05pt; margin-top: 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakanteknik penggambaran rekayasa </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">industrialyang memecah dan menganalisis</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">langkah selanjutnya dari sebuah sistem. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 126.4pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 149.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.5. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Bagan Alir Proses <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo42; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.1.3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar Black Box</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 13.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l57 level7 lfo28; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Black Box <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Siddiq (2012:4), “Pengujian <i>black box</i> adalah pengujian aspekfundamental sistem tanpa&nbsp;&nbsp; memperhatikanstruktur logika internal </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">perangkat&nbsp; lunak.&nbsp; Metode&nbsp;ini&nbsp; digunakan&nbsp; untuk&nbsp;mengetahui&nbsp; apakah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">perangkat lunak berfungsi dengan benar. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut&nbsp;Budiman &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">(2012:4)&nbsp;Pengujian&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>black&nbsp; box</i>&nbsp; merupakan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">metode perancangan data uji yang didasarkanpada&nbsp;&nbsp; spesifikasi perangkat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">lunak.&nbsp;Data&nbsp; uji&nbsp; dibangkitkan,&nbsp;dieksekusi&nbsp; pada&nbsp; perangkat&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lunak&nbsp; dan kemudian keluaran dariperangkat lunak diuji apakah telah sesuai dengan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">yang diharapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari&nbsp;kedua&nbsp; definisi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; di&nbsp;atas&nbsp; dapat&nbsp; disimpulkan&nbsp;bahwa&nbsp; metode </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">pengujian Black Box digunakan untuk mengujisistem dari segi user yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">dititik beratkan pada pengujian kinerja, spesifikasi dan antarmukasistem </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">tersebuttanpa menguji kode program yang ada.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Berbeda dengan <i>white Box</i>, <i>Black Box</i>Testing tidak membutuhkan pengetahuan&nbsp;mengenai,&nbsp; alur&nbsp; internal (internal&nbsp; path),&nbsp;struktur&nbsp; atau </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">implementasi dari <i>softwareunder test</i> (SUT). Karena itu uji coba <i>Black<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Box</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">&nbsp; memungkinkan&nbsp; pengembang&nbsp;software&nbsp; untuk&nbsp; membuat&nbsp;himpunan </span>kondisi input yangakan melatih seluruh syarat-syarat fungsional suatu <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">program. </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji coba <i>BlackBox</i> bukan merupakan alternatif dari uji coba white </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Box, tetapi merupakan pendekatan yang melengkapi untuk menemukankesalahan lainnya, selain menggunakan metode&nbsp;<i>white Box</i>. <i>Black Box</i> Testing dapat dilakukan padasetiap level pembangunan sistem. Mulai dari <i>unit,integration, system,</i> dan <i>acceptance.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji coba <i>Black Box</i>berusaha untuk menemukan kesalahan dalam beberapa kategori, diantaranya: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Fungsi-fungsiyang salah atau hilang <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesalahaninterface <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesalahandalam struktur data atau akses database eksternal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesalahanperforma <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo35; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kesalahaninisialisasi dan terminasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tidak seperti metode <i>whiteBox</i> yang dilaksanakan diawal proses, uji coba <i>Black Box </i>diaplikasikan dibeberapa tahapan berikutnya. Karena ujicoba <i>Black Box</i> dengan sengajamengabaikan struktur kontrol, sehingga perhatiannya difokuskan pada informasidomain. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji coba didesain untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan pertanyaanberikut:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimanavaliditas fungsionalnya diuji? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jenis inputseperti apa yang akan menghasilkan kasus uji yang baik? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Apakahsistem secara khusus sensitif terhadap nilai input tertentu? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimanabatasan-batasan kelas data diisolasi? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Beraparasio data dan&nbsp; jumlah data&nbsp; yang dapat&nbsp;ditoleransi oleh sistem? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo36; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Apa akibatyang akan timbul dari kombinasi spesifik data pada operasi sistem?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sehingga&nbsp; dalam&nbsp; uji&nbsp;coba&nbsp; <i>Black&nbsp; Box</i>&nbsp; harus&nbsp;melewati&nbsp; beberapa proses sebagaiberikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level5 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menganalisiskebutuhan dan spesifikasi dari perangkat lunak. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemilihanjenis input yang memungkinkan menghasilkan output benar&nbsp; serta&nbsp;jenis&nbsp; input&nbsp; yang&nbsp;memungkinkan&nbsp; output&nbsp; salah&nbsp;pada perangkat lunak yang sedang diuji. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukanoutput untuk suatu jenis input. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengujiandilakukan dengan&nbsp; input-input&nbsp; yang telah benar-benar diseleksi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Melakukanpengujian. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pembandingan&nbsp; output&nbsp;yang&nbsp; dihasilkan&nbsp; dengan&nbsp;output&nbsp; yang diharapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo37; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukanfungsionalitas yang seharusnya ada pada perangkat lunak yang sedang diuji.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo38; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode Pengujian Dalam Black Box <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada&nbsp;beberapa&nbsp; macam&nbsp; metode&nbsp;pengujian&nbsp; <i>Black&nbsp; Box</i>,&nbsp; berikut diantaranya: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Equivalence Partioning <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Equivalence Partioning</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan metode uji coba <i>Black Box</i> yang membagi domain input dari program menjadi beberapakelas data dari kasus uji coba yang dihasilkan. Kasus uji penanganan singleyang ideal menemukan sejumlah kesalahan (misalnya: kesalahan pemrosesan dariseluruh data karakter) yang merupakan syarat lain dari suatu kasus yangdieksekusi sebelum kesalahan umum diamati.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Boundary Value Analysis <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Sejumlah besar kesalahan cenderung terjadidalam batasan domain <i>input</i> dari padanilai tengah. Untuk alasan ini <i>boundaryvalue analysis</i> (BVA)&nbsp; dibuat&nbsp; sebagai&nbsp;teknik&nbsp; uji&nbsp; coba.&nbsp;BVA&nbsp; mengarahkan&nbsp; pada pemilihan kasus uji yang melatihnilai-nilai batas. BVA merupakan desain teknik kasus uji yang melengkapi <i>Equivalence partitioning</i>. Dari padamemfokuskan hanya pada kondisi input, BVA juga menghasilkan kasus uji daridomain output.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Cause-Effect Graphing Techniques <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Cause-Effect Graphing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan desain teknik kasus uji coba yang menyediakan representasisingkat mengenai kondisi logikal dan aksi yang berhubungan. Tekniknya mengikuti4 tahapan berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Causes</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> (kondisi <i>input</i>), dan <i>Effects</i>(aksi) didaftarkan untuk modul dan identifier yang dtujukan untukmasing-masing. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Pembuatan grafik <i>Causes-Effectgraph</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Grafik dikonversikan kedalam tabel keputusan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo40; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Aturan tabel keputusan dikonversikan kedalam kasus uji<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Comparison Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam beberapa situasi&nbsp; (seperti: <i>aircraftavionic, nuclear Power plant control</i>) dimana keandalan suatu <i>software</i> amat kritis, beberapa aplikasisering&nbsp;&nbsp; menggunakan&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>software</i>&nbsp;&nbsp; dan&nbsp; <i>hardware</i>&nbsp;&nbsp; ganda (<i>redundant</i>).&nbsp; Ketika&nbsp;software&nbsp; redundant&nbsp; dibuat,&nbsp;tim pengembangan software lainnya membangun versi <i>independent </i>dari aplikasi dengan menggunakan spesifikasi yang sama.Setiap versi dapat diuji dengan data uji yang sama untuk memastikan seluruhnyamenyediakan <i>output</i> yang sama.Kemudian seluruh versi dieksekusi secara parallel dengan perbandingan hasil <i>real-time </i>untuk memastikan konsistensi.Dianjurkan bahwa versi <i>independent</i>suatu <i>software </i>untuk aplikasi yangamat kritis harus&nbsp; dibuat,&nbsp; walaupun&nbsp;nantinya&nbsp; hanya&nbsp; satu&nbsp;versi&nbsp; saja&nbsp; yang&nbsp;akan digunakan dalam sistem. Versi <i>independent</i>ini merupakan basis dari teknik <i>Black BoxTesting</i> yang disebut <i>ComparisonTesting</i> atau <i>back-to-back Testing</i>.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Sample and Robustness Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo41; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Sample Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Melibatkan beberapa nilai yang terpilih darisebuah kelas ek</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">u</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">ivalen, seperti&nbsp;Mengintegrasikan&nbsp; nilai&nbsp; pada&nbsp;kasus&nbsp; uji.&nbsp; Nilai-nilai&nbsp;yang terpilih mungkin dipilih dengan urutan tertentu atau intervaltertentu <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo41; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Robustness Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengujian&nbsp;ketahanan &nbsp; (<i>Robustness Testing</i>)&nbsp; adalahmetodologi jaminan&nbsp; mutu&nbsp; difokuskan&nbsp;pada&nbsp; pengujian&nbsp; ketahanan&nbsp;perangkat lunak. Pengujian ketahanan juga digunakan untuk menggambarkanproses&nbsp; verifikasi&nbsp; kekokohan (yaitu&nbsp; kebenaran)&nbsp;kasus&nbsp; uji&nbsp; dalam proses pengujian. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Behavior Testing dan Performance Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Behavior Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Hasil uji tidak dapat dievaluasi jika hanyamelakukan pengujian sekali, tapi dapat dievaluasi jika pengujian dilakukanbeberapa kali, misalnya pada pengujian struktur <i>data stack</i>.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Performance Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Digunakan&nbsp;&nbsp;untuk&nbsp;&nbsp; mengevaluasi&nbsp;&nbsp; kemampuan&nbsp;&nbsp;program&nbsp;&nbsp; untuk beroperasi&nbsp; dengan&nbsp;benar&nbsp; dipandang&nbsp; dari&nbsp;sisi&nbsp; acuan&nbsp; kebutuhan. Misalnya:&nbsp; aliran&nbsp;data,&nbsp; ukuran&nbsp; pemakaian&nbsp;memori,&nbsp; kecepatan eksekusi, dll.Selain itu juga digunakan untuk mencari tahu beban kerja&nbsp; atau&nbsp;kondisi&nbsp; konfigurasi&nbsp; program.&nbsp;Spesifikasi&nbsp; mengenai performansididefinisikan pada saat tahap spesifikasi atau desain. Dapat digunakan untukmenguji batasan lingkungan program.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 13.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Requirement Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Spesifikasi&nbsp; kebutuhan&nbsp;yang&nbsp; terasosiasi&nbsp; dengan&nbsp;perangkat lunak</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(<i>input/output</i>/fungsi/performansi)diidentifikasi pada tahapspesifikasi <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">kebutuhan dan desain. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .95pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Requirement Testing</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">melibatkan pembuatan kasus uji untuk setiap <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">spesifikasikebutuhan yang terkait dengan program <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level2 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 184.3pt 14.0cm; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk&nbsp;&nbsp; memfasilitasinya,&nbsp;&nbsp; setiap&nbsp;&nbsp;spesifikasi&nbsp;&nbsp; kebutuhan&nbsp;&nbsp; bisa </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ditelusuri&nbsp;dengan&nbsp; kasus&nbsp; uji&nbsp;dengan&nbsp; menggunakan&nbsp; <i>traceability</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">matrix</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo39; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Endurance Testing <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Endurance&nbsp;Testing&nbsp; melibatkan&nbsp; kasus&nbsp;uji&nbsp; yang&nbsp; diulang-ulang dengan jumlah tertentu dengan tujuanuntuk mengevaluasi program apakah sesuai dengan spesifikasi kebutuhan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Contoh: Untuk menguji keakuratan operasimatematika&nbsp; (<i>floating point, rounding off,</i> dll), untuk menguji manajemen sumberdaya sistem (<i>resources</i>)(pembebasan&nbsp; sumber&nbsp; daya&nbsp;yang&nbsp; tidak&nbsp; benar,&nbsp;dll),</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">input/outputs (jika menggunakan</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">framework</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> untuk memvalidasi bagian input dan output). Spesifikasi kebutuhanpengujian didefinisikan pada tahap spesifikasi kebutuhan atau desain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo38; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Black Box <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam&nbsp; uji&nbsp;coba&nbsp; <i>Black&nbsp; Box</i>&nbsp; terdapat&nbsp;beberapa&nbsp; kelebihan&nbsp; dan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">kelemahan. Berikut adalah keunggulan dan kelemahannya: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 224.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -104.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.1. Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Black Box<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 33.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 518px;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 42.35pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">  <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td>  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelemahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 3.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 3.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 162.95pt 263.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a) <i>Black Box</i> <i>Testing</i> dapat menguji <br />  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">keseluruhan fungsionalitas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">perangkat lunak.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 162.95pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b)&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>Black  Box</i> <i>Testing</i> dapat memilih <br />  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">subset  test yang secara efektif dan <br />  efisien&nbsp;  dapat&nbsp; menemukan&nbsp; cacat. <br />  <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Dengan cara ini <i>Black Box</i> Testing <br />  dapat&nbsp; membantu&nbsp; memaksimalkan <br />  </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Testing investment</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0pt; margin-right: 1.7pt; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.55pt; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a)  Ketika&nbsp; <i>user</i> melakukan&nbsp; <i>Black <br />  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Box&nbsp; Testing</i>,&nbsp; <i>user</i>&nbsp; tidak&nbsp; akan <br />  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pernah yakin apakah perangkat <br />  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; lunak&nbsp; yang&nbsp; diuji&nbsp;  telah&nbsp; benar-<br />  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">benar lolos pengujian. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br /></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo42; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.1.4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar Prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level7 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Simarmata (2010:64),” Prototipeadalah perubahan cepat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">di dalam perancangan dan pembangunan prototype.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"> Sedangkan, </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">enurut Wiyancoko&nbsp; (2010:120),</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 200%;">”Prototipe adalah model produk </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">yang mewakili hasil produksi yangsebenarnya”. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pendapat yang dikemukakan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">prototype adalah proses pembuatan model produkdalam perancangan. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level8 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe Jenis I <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe&nbsp;jenis&nbsp;&nbsp; I&nbsp; sesungguhnya&nbsp;akan&nbsp; menjadi&nbsp;&nbsp; sistem operasional.&nbsp; Pendekatan&nbsp;ini&nbsp; hanya&nbsp; mungkin&nbsp;jika&nbsp; peralatan <i>prototyping</i>&nbsp; memungkinkan&nbsp;prototipe&nbsp; memuat&nbsp; semua&nbsp;elemen penting dari sistem baru. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Langkah-langkah pengembangan prototipe jenisI adalah sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan pemakai. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengembangkan prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukan apakah prototipe dapat diterima <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menggunakan prototype<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level2 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe Jenis II <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototipe jenis II merupakan suatu modelyang dapat dibuang yang&nbsp; berfungsi&nbsp; sebagai&nbsp;alat&nbsp; cetak&nbsp; biru&nbsp;bagi&nbsp; sistem&nbsp; operasional. Pendekatan ini dilakukan jikaprototipe tersebut hanya dimaksudkan untuk&nbsp;tampilan&nbsp; seperti&nbsp; sistem&nbsp;operasional&nbsp; dan&nbsp; tidak&nbsp;dimaksudkan untuk memuat semua elemen penting. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Tiga langkah pertama dalam pengembanganprototipe jenis II sama seperti untuk prototipe jenis I. Langkah-langkahselanjutnya adalah sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengkodekan sistem operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menguji sistem operasional <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukan jika sistem operasional dapat diterima <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo44; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Menggunakan sistem operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 126.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber:&nbsp;&nbsp;Sulindawati&nbsp;&nbsp; dan&nbsp;&nbsp; Muhammad&nbsp;&nbsp;Fathoni&nbsp;&nbsp; di&nbsp;&nbsp; dalam&nbsp;&nbsp;Jurnal </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">SAINTIKOM (2010:8)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.6. Metode Prototipe<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 3.0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutSasankar dan Vinay Chavan di dalam jurnal <i>InternationalJournal of Computer Science &amp; Technology</i>&nbsp; (2011:139) Terdapat tiga pendekatan utamaprototyping, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">THROW-AWAY <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; line-height: 200%;">Prototypedibuat dan dites. Pengalaman yang diperoleh dari pembuatan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">prototype digunakan untuk membuat produk akhir (final), kemudian <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">prototype tersebut dibuang (tak dipakai). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">INCREMENTAL <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Produk finalnya dibuatsebagai komponen-komponen yang terpisah. <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Desainproduk finalnya secara keseluruhan haya ada satu tetapi dibagi </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">dalam komonen-komponen lebih kecil yang terpisah(independent). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l58 level4 lfo27; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 200%;">EVOLUTIONARY <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Padametode ini, prototipenya tidak dibuang tetapi digunakan untuk literasi&nbsp; desain&nbsp;berikutnya. Dalam hal&nbsp; ini,sistem&nbsp; atau produk&nbsp; yang </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">sebenarnya dipandang sebagai evolusi dari versi awal yang sangat </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">terbatas menuju produk final atau produkakhir. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo43; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Prototipe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan dan Kelemahan prototyping adalah sebagai berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 206.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -78.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel&nbsp; 2.2. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Prototipe<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 510px;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 24.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">  <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelebihan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td>  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.6pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelemahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 157.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 157.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt 209.5pt 265.15pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a. Adanya&nbsp; komunikasi&nbsp;  yang baik </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">antara pengembang dan  user. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt 209.5pt 265.15pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b. Pengembang dapat bekerja lebih <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">baik dalam menentukan kebutuhan user.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -15.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c. User&nbsp;&nbsp; berperan&nbsp;&nbsp;  aktif dalam <br />  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -15.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d. Lebih menghemat waktu  dalam </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 163.1pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -15.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e. Penerapan menjadi  lebih mudah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">karena pemakai mengetahui  apa </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">yang diharapkannya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br /></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 157.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.6pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.9pt 61.35pt 106.7pt 146.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.85pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a. User kadang tidak melihat atau </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">menyadari&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bahwa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; perangkat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">lunak </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">ada belum mencantumkan kualitas perangkat lunak secara </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">keseluruhan&nbsp;&nbsp; dan&nbsp;&nbsp; juga&nbsp;&nbsp;  belum </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">memikirkan kemampuan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 200%;">pemeliharaan untuk jangka waktu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">lama.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.9pt 65.2pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.85pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%;">b. Pengembang biasanya  ingin cepat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">menyelesaikan proyek. Sehingga menggunakan&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  algoritma&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; dan <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">bahasa </span>pemrograman&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; yang <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">sederhana untuk membuat</span> prototyping&nbsp; lebih&nbsp;  cepat&nbsp; selesai tanpa&nbsp;  memikirkan&nbsp; lebih&nbsp; lanjut <br />  bahwa&nbsp; program&nbsp;  tersebut&nbsp; hanya <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">merupakan cetak biru sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 12.9pt 65.2pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.85pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c. Hubungan user dengan  computer yang disediakan mungkin tidak mencerminkan teknik perancangan yang  baik.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Teori Khusus</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Teori – teori khusus yang digunakanpenulis dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasarmikrokontroller</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">MikrokontrollerATMega 32U4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasarkomponen pasif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar komponenaktif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasar komunikasi I2C (<i>Inter Intergrated Circuit</i>)</span></span><span class="fullpost"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep dasarKomunikasi Modul bluetooth</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Operating systemAndroid</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level3 lfo56; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konsep Dasar </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DefinisiMikrokontroler<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Malik (2009:1), bahwa“Mikrokontroler adalah&nbsp; sebagai sebuahsistem komputer yang dibangun pada sebuah keping (<i>chip</i>) tunggal”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Saefullah dkk (2009:319),<span style="color: #00b050;"> </span>“Mikrokontroler merupakan komponen utama ataubiasa disebut juga sebagai otak yang berfungsi sebagai pengatur pergerakanmotor (<i>Motor Driver</i>) dan pengolahdata yang dihasilkan oleh komparator sebagai bentuk keluaran dari sensor”<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroler merupakan sebuah <i>processor</i> yang digunakan untukkepentingan kontrol. Meskipun mempunyai bentuk yang jauh lebih kecil dari suatukomputer pribadi dan computer <i>mainframe</i>,mikrokontroler dibangun dari elemen – elemen dasar yang sama. Seperti umumnyakomputer, mikrokontroler adalah alat yang mengerjakan instruksi – instruksiyang diberikan kepadanya. Artinya, bagian terpenting dan utama dari suatusistem terkomputerisasi adalah program itu sendiri yang dibuat oleh seorangprogrammer. Program ini menginstruksikan komputer untuk melakukan tugas yanglebih kompleks yang diinginkan oleh programmer.&nbsp;<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KarakteristikMikrokontroller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Malik (2009:2),karakteristik mikrokontroler mempunyai beberapa komponen-komponen yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">CPU (<i>CentralProcesing Unit</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RAM (<i>ReadOnly Memory</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">I/O (<i>Input/Output</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun ketiga komponen tersebutsecara bersama-sama membentuk sistem komputer dasar. Beberapa mikrokontrolermemiliki tambahan komponen lain, misalnya ADC (<i>Analog Digital Converter</i>), <i>Timer/Counter</i>,dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KlasifikasiMikrokontroller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Malik (2009:3), bahwaBeberapa fitur yang dapat diklasifikasi pada umumnya ada di dalammikrokontroler adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RAM(Random Access Memory) <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RAM digunakan oleh mikrokontroler untuk tempatpenyimpanan <i>variabel</i>. Memori inibersifat <i>volatile</i> yang berarti akankehilangan semua datanya jika tidak mendapatkan catu daya. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ROM(Read Only Memory) <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ROM seringkali disebut sebagai kode memori karenaberfungsi untuk tempat penyimpanan program yang akan diberikan oleh <i>user</i>. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Register<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan tempat penyimpanan&nbsp; nilai–nilai yang akan digunakan dalam prosesyang telah disediakan oleh mikrokontroler. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SpecialFunction Register <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan register khusus yang berfungsi untukmengatur jalannya mikrokontroler. Register ini terletak pada RAM. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Inputdan Output Pin <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pin <i>input</i>adalah bagian yang berfungsi sebagai penerima signal dari luar, pin ini dapatdihubungkan ke berbagai media <i>input</i>seperti <i>keypad</i>, sensor, dansebagainya. Pin output adalah bagian yang berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan signal darihasil proses algoritma mikrokontroler. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Interrupt<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Interrupt</span></i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">bagian dari mikrokontroler yang berfungsi sebagai bagian yang dapat melakukaninterupsi, sehingga ketika program utama sedang berjalan, program utamatersebut dapat diinterupsi dan menjalankan program interupsi terlebihdahulu.&nbsp; <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l44 level3 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MikrokontrollerATMega32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Datasheet</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">, ”ATMega32</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U4</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> merupakan mikrokontroler keluarga AVR 8 bit. Beberapatipe mikrokontroler yang sama dengan ATMega</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">32U4</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> ini antara lain ATMega8535, ATMega16,</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ATMega328,yang membedakan antara mikrokontroler antara lain adalah, ukuran memori,banyaknya GPIO (pin <i>input</i>/output), <i>peripherial</i> (USART,&nbsp; <i>timer,counter,</i> dll).”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dari segi ukuran fisik, ATMega32</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U4</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">hanya </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">memilikiukuran fisik </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tipe <i>QFN/TQFP (Quad Flat No Lead Package/Thin Quad Flat Package)</i> berbedadengan mikrokontroller lainnya yang memiliki ukuran fisik jenis <i>PDIP (Plastic Dual In Line Package)</i>,</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroller ini memilikibeberapa fitur antara lain : </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">135 macam instruksi yang hampir semuanyadieksekusi dalam satu siklus <i>clock</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 x 8-bit register serba guna. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kecepatan mencapai 16 MIPS dengan <i>clock</i> 16 MHz. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 KB&nbsp;<i>flash</i> memory dan pada arduinomemiliki <i>bootloader</i> yang menggunakan2 KB dari <i>flash</i> memori sebagai <i>bootloader</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memiliki&nbsp;EEPROM (<i>Electrically ErasableProgrammable Read Only Memory</i>) sebesar 1KB sebagai tempat penyimpanan datasemi <i>permanent</i> karena EEPROM tetapdapat menyimpan data meskipun catu daya dimatikan. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memiliki&nbsp;SRAM (<i>Static Random Access Memory</i>)sebesar 2.5 KB. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memiliki pin I/O digital sebanyak 32 pin6 diantaranya PWM (<i>Pulse Width Modulation</i>)<i>output</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Master/ Slave</span></i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> SPI Serial<i>interface</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MikrokontrolerATMega32</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> memiliki arsitekturHarvard, yaitu memisahkan memori untuk kode program dan memori untuk datasehingga dapat memaksimalkan kerja dan <i>paralelisme</i>.Instruksi – instruksi dalam memori program dieksekusi dalam satu alur tunggal,dimana pada saat satu instruksi dikerjakan instruksi berikutnya sudah diambildari memori program. Konsep inilah yang memungkinkan instruksi – instruksidapat dieksekusi dalam setiap satu siklus <i>clock</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 x 8-bit register serba&nbsp; guna digunakan untuk mendukung operasi padaALU (<i>Arithmatic Logic unit</i>) yangdapat dilakukan dalam satu siklus. 6 dari register serbaguna ini dapatdigunakan sebagai 3 buah register <i>pointer</i>16-bit pada mode pengalamatan tak langsung untuk mengambil data pada ruangmemori data. Ketiga register <i>pointer</i>16-bit ini disebut dengan register X ( gabungan R26 dan R27 ), register Y (gabungan R28 dan R29 ), dan register Z ( gabungan R30 dan R31 ). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hampir semua instruksi AVR memilikiformat 16-bit. Setiap alamat memori program terdiri dari instruksi 16-bit atau32-bit. Selain register serba guna di atas, terdapat register lain yangterpetakan dengan teknik&nbsp; memorymapped&nbsp; I/O selebar 64 byte. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Beberapa register inidigunakan&nbsp; untuk fungsi khusus antaralain sebagai register <i>Control Timer</i>/ <i>Counter,</i> <i>Interupsi</i>, ADC, USART, SPI, EEPROM, dan fungsi I/O lainnya.&nbsp; Berikut ini adalah tampilan arsitektur ATmega32U4 :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.7. </span></b><b><span lang="DA" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DA;">Arsitektur</span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ATMega32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1057" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="gambar atmega32u4.png" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left; margin-left:117.6pt;margin-top:24.95pt;width:238.2pt;height:220.5pt;z-index:20; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.png"  o:title="gambar atmega32u4"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 294px; left: 0px; margin-left: 157px; margin-top: 33px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 318px; z-index: 20;"></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(Sumber: Data sheet MicrocontrolerATMega32U4 : 8)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -1.1pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.8. Konfigurasi PIN ATMega32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -1.1pt;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">(Sumber </span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">:Data sheet Microcontroler ATMega32U4 : 8 </span></b><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Datasheet,</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ATMega32U4memiliki 5 buah PORT utama yaitu PORT B, PORT C, PORT D, PORT E, dan PORT Fdengan total pin <i>input/output</i>sebanyak 26 pin. PORT tersebut dapat difungsikan sebagai <i>input/output</i> digital atau difungsikan sebagai periperial lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.3. PORT B pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr>  <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td>  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" valign="top" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC0A/OC1C/PCINT7/RTS  (Output Compare and PWM Output A for<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter0,  Output Compare and PWM Output C for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter1 or Pin Change  Interrupt 7 or UART flow control RTS signal)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 265.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC1B/PCINT6/OC.4B/ADC13 (Output Compare and PWM Output B for Timer/Counter1  or Pin Change Interrupt 6 or Timer 4 Output Compare B / PWM</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 13)</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC1A/PCINT5/OC.4B/ADC12  (Output Compare and PWM Output A for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter1 or Pin  Change Interrupt 5 or Timer 4 Complementary Output</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Compare B / PWM output or Analog to Digital  Converter channel 12<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 59.1pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PCINT4/ADC11 (Pin Change Interrupt 4 or Analog to Digital Converter  channel 11<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PDO/MISO/PCINT3  (Programming Data Output or SPI Bus Master Input/Slave Output or Pin Change  Interrupt 3)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PDI/MOSI/PCINT2  (Programming Data Input or SPI Bus Master Output/Slave Input</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">or Pin Change Interrupt 2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" valign="bottom" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">SCK/PCINT1  (SPI Bus Serial Clock or Pin Change Interrupt 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PB0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 311.5pt;" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">SS/PCINT0  (SPI Slave Select input or Pin Change Interrupt 0)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.4. PORT C pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr>  <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" valign="top" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" valign="top" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ICP3/CLKO/OC4A(Input  Capture Timer 3 or CLK0 (Divided <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">System Clock) or Output  Compare and direct PWM output A <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">for Timer 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" valign="top" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">OC.3A/OC4A (Output  Compare and PWM output A for <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Timer/Counter3 or Output  Compare and complementary <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PWM output A for Timer 4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 310.9pt;" width="415"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present  on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.9pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PC0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.5. PORT D pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr>  <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td>  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">T0/OC.4D/ADC10  (Timer/Counter0 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output Compare D / </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PWM output or Analog to  Digital Converter channel 10<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">T1/OC.4D/ADC9  (Timer/Counter1 Clock Input or Timer 4 Output <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Complementary Compare D /  PWM output or Analog to Digital Converter channel 9)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" width="413"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">XCK1/CTS  (USART1 External Clock Input/Output or UART flow control CTS signal<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">I</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">CP1/ADC8 (Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Trigger or  Analog to Digital</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Converter channel 8)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT3/TXD1 (External  Interrupt3 Input or USART1 Transmit Pin)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT2/RXD1 (External  Interrupt2 Input or USART1 Receive Pin)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT1/SDA (External  Interrupt1 Input or TWI Serial DAta)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.1pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PD0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.7pt;" valign="top" width="413"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT0/SCL/OC0B (External  Interrupt0 Input or TWI Serial CLock or Output Compare for Timer/Counter0)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.6. PORT E pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr>  <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td>  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">INT6/AIN0 (External Interrupt  6 Input or Analog Comparator Positive Input)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present  on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HWB (Hardware bootloader  activation)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PE0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel2.7. PORT F pada ATMEGA32U4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(sumber: Datasheet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr>  <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Port Pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td>  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC7/TDI (ADC input  channel 7 or JTAG Test Data Input)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC6/TDO (ADC input  channel 6 or JTAG Test Data Output)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC5/TMS (ADC  input channel 5 or JTAG Test Mode Select)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC4/TCK (ADC input  channel 4 or JTAG Test ClocK)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not present on pin-out.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC1 (ADC input channel  1)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr>  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PF0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 309.0pt;" valign="top" width="412"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ADC0 (ADC input channel  0)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Komponen Pasif <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:10) bahwa “Komponen pasif adalah komponen-komponen elektronika yangapabila dialiri aliran listrik tidak menghasilkan tenaga seperti: perubahantegangan, pembalikan fasa, penguatan dan lain-lain”. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:10), Ada beberapa komponen yang termasuk dalam komponen pasif diantaranya adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistor atau Tahanan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.3.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar Resistor <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:10), bahwa “Resistor adalah tahanan atau hambatan arus listrik”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutBudiharto (2009:1), “Salah satu komponen elektronika yang berfungsi untukmemberikan hambatan terhadap aliran arus listrik”</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pengertiandi atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Resistor&nbsp;adalah&nbsp;Komponenelektronika yang berfungsi memberikan tahanan atau hambatan arus listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistordigunakan sebagai bagian dari jejaring elektronik dan&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuit_elektronik" title="Sirkuit elektronik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sirkuit elektronik</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, dan merupakan salahsatu komponen yang paling sering digunakan. Resistor dapat dibuat daribermacam-macam kompon dan film, bahkan kawat resistansi (kawat yang dibuat daripaduan resistivitas tinggi seperti</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">nikel</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kromium</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">).<o:p></o:p></span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr>  <td height="8" width="253"></td> </tr><tr>  <td></td>  <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_s1056" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Resistor 1" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:189.6pt; margin-top:6.2pt;width:58.5pt;height:60.75pt;z-index:7;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.jpg"  o:title="Resistor 1"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:12)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.9.&nbsp; Resistor</span></b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Karakteristikutama dari resisitor adalah resisitansinya dan daya listrik yang dapatdihantarkan. Karakteristik lain termasuk koefisien suhu, listrik daninduktansi. Resistor dapat diintegrasikan kedalam sirkuit hibrida dan&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papan_sirkuit_cetak" title="Papan sirkuit cetak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">papan sirkuit cetak</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, bahkan&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuit_terpadu" title="Sirkuit terpadu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sirkuit terpadu</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.Ukuran dan letak kaki bergantung pada desain sirkuit, kebutuhan daya resistorharus cukup dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan arus rangkaian agar tidakterbakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr>  <td height="22" width="78"></td> </tr><tr>  <td></td>  <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_s1055" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Skema Warna Cincin Resistor" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:58.35pt; margin-top:16.2pt;width:311.7pt;height:229.5pt;z-index:8;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.png"  o:title="Skema Warna Cincin Resistor"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">&nbsp;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber : Rusmadi (2009:13)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.10. <i>Skema Warna Resistor</i></span></b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">Satuan dari Resistor merupakan <span lang="EN-US">Ohm (simbol:&nbsp; <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9" title="Ω">Ω</a> adalah satuan SI untuk resistansi listrik, diambil dari namaGeorg</span>e<span lang="EN-US"> Ohm.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Nilaisatuan terbesar yang digunakan untuk menentukan besarnya nilai resistor adalah:</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">1 MegaOhm (MΩ) = 1.000.000 Ohm.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">1 kiloOhm (KΩ)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = 1.000 Ohm.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:11), dalam bidang elektronika, Resistor dapat di bagi menjadi 2yaitu:</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistor Tetap<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutRusmadi (2009:11), bahwa “Resistor Tetap adalah resistor yang nilainyabesaranyan sudah ditetepkan oleh pabrik pembuatannya dan tidak dapat diubah-ubah”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resistormemiliki nilai resistansi, sebagai nilainya ada yang dicantumkan langsung padabadannya&nbsp; dan sebagian lagi karena bentukfisiknya kecil.&nbsp; Menurut Rusmadi(2009:15), Resistor dibagi menjadi 6 yaitu: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Kawat </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Resistorkawat ini adalah jenis resistor pertama yang lahir pada generasi pertama padawaktu rangkaian elektronika masih mengguanakan Tabung Hampa <i>(Vacuum Tube). </i>Bentuknya bervariasi danfisik agak besar. Resisistor ini biasanya banyak digunakan dalam rangkaian dayakarena memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi yaitu disipasi terhadap panas yangtinggi.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Batang Karbon (Arang)</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Padaawalnya resistor ini dibuat dari bahan karbon kasar yang diberi lilitan kawatyang kemudian diberi tanda dengan kode warna berbentuk gelang dan untuk pembacaanyadapat dilihat pada tabe</span>l<span lang="EN-US"> kode warna.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Keramik atau Porselin </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Denganadanya perkembangan teknologi elektronika, saat ini telah dikembangkan jenisresistor yang dibuat dari bahan keramik atau porselin. Jenis resistor inibanyak dipergunakan dalam rangkaian-rangkaian modern seperti sekarang inikarena bentuk fisiknya kecil dan memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi. Di pasarankita akan menjumpai resisitor jenis ini dengan ukuran bervariasi mulai dari 1/4Watt,&nbsp;&nbsp; 1/3 Watt,&nbsp; ½ Watt, 1 Watt dan 2 Watt.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Film Karbon</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Sejalandengan perkembangan teknologi para produsen komponen elektronika telahmemunculkan jenis resistor yang dibuat dari bahan karbon dan dilapisi denganbahan film yang berfungsi sebagai pelindung terhadap pengaruh luar. Nilairesistansinya dicantumkan dalam bentuk kode warna seperti pada Resistor Karbon.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Film Metal</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">ResistorFilm Metal dibuat dengan bentuk hamir menyerupai resistor film karbon danmemiliki keadalan dan stabilitas yang tinggi dan tahan terhadap perubahantemperatur.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Tipe Film Tebal</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Resistorjenis ini bentuknya merip dengan resistor film metal, namun resistor inidirancang khusus agar memiliki kehandalan yang tinggi. Sebagai contoh sebuahresistor film tebal dengan <i>rating </i>daya2 Watt saja sudah mampu untuk dipakai menahan beban tegangan di atas satuanKilo Volt.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Resistor Tidak Tetap<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:16), bahwa “Resistor Tidak Tetap adalah Resistor yang nilairesistansinya (tahananya) dapat dirubah-rubah sesuai dengan keperluan danperubahannya dapat dilakukan dengan jalan mengeser atau memutar pengaturnya”.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:16), bahwa Resistor Tidak Tetap dibagi menjadi 8 yaitu:</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Potensiometer</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Potensiometer adalahkomponen pembagi tegangan yang dapat disetel sesuai dengan keinginan. Bentukfisik dari Potensiometer pada umumnya besar dan dibuat dari bahan kawat atauarang (karbon).</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Potensi</span>o<span lang="EN-US">meter Preset </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Potensi</span>o<span lang="EN-US">meter Preset bentuknyasangat kecil danpengaturannya sama dengan Trimpot yaitu dengan menggunakan obengyang diputar pada bagian lubang coakan.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">NTC dan PTC </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">NTC adalah singakatan dari <i>Negative Temperature Coefficient </i>sedangkanPTC adalah singkatan dari <i>Positive</i> <i>Temperature Coefficient. </i>Sifat darikomponen NTC adalah Resisitor yang nilai tahannya akan menurun apabilatemperature sekelilingnya naik dan sebaliknya komponen PTC adalah Resistor yangnilai tahannya akan bertambah besar apabila temperaturnya turun.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">LDR <i>( Light Dependent Resisitor)</i></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">LDR adalah singkatan dari <i>Light Dependent Resisitor </i>yaitu resisitoryang tergantung cahaya, artinya nilai tahannya akan berubah-ubah apabilaterkena cahaya dan perubahannya tergantungdari intensitas cahaya yangditerimanya.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">VDR <i>(Volttage Dependent Resistor)</i></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">VDR adalah singkatan dari <i>Volttage Dependent Resistor </i>yaituresistoryang nilai tahannya akan berubah tergantung tegangan yang diterimanya.Sifat dari VDR adalah semakin besar tegangan yang diterimanya maka tahanannyaakan semakin mengecil sehingga arus yang melalui VDR akan bertambah besar.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><h1 style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l34 level4 lfo55; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2.3.2<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Dasar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p></span></h1><h1 style="margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l12 level7 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Definisi Kapasitor atau Kondensator<o:p></o:p></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutBudiharto (2009:2), “</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kapasitoradalah komponen elektrik yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan muatan listrik”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi (2009:20), bahwa“Kapasitor adalah Komponen elektronika yang mampu menyimpan arus dan teganganlistrik sementara waktu”. Seperti juga halnya resistor, kapasitor adalahtermasuk salah satu komponen pasif yang banyak digunakan dalam membuatrangkaian elektronika.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pengertian di atas dapatdisimpulkan bahwa kapasitor adalah&nbsp;komponen elektronika yang dapat menyimpan muatan arus atau teganganlistrik sementara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam bidang elektronika komponenkapasitor adakalanya disebut kondensator. Kapasitor sendiri berasal dari kata <i>capacitance </i>atau kapasitas yang artinyaadalah kemampuan untuk menyimpan arus listrik (Dalam istilah elektronikadiistilahkan sebagai “Muatan Listrik.”) Jadi kapasitor adalah suatu komonenyang dapat diisi dengan muatan listrik kemudian disimpan untuk sementara waktudan selanjutnya muatan tersebut di kosongakan /dibuang melalui suatu sistematau dihubungkan ke bumi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1054" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Polarized kondensator symbol 3.jpg" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Polarized_kondensator_symbol_3.jpg&amp;filetimestamp=20060309192241" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:186.6pt; margin-top:82.55pt;width:77.25pt;height:76.5pt;z-index:16;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text' o:button="t"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image022.jpg"  o:title="Polarized kondensator symbol 3"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 102px; left: 0px; margin-left: 249px; margin-top: 110px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 103px; z-index: 16;"></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kondensatordiidentikkan mempunyai dua kaki dan dua kutub yaitu&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Positif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="Positif (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">positif</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;dan&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negatif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="Negatif (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">negatif</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;sertamemiliki cairan&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">elektrolit</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;dan biasanya berbentuk tabung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi(2009:20)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.11 Lambang Kondensator</span></b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sedangkanjenis yang satunya lagi kebanyakan nilai kapasitasnya lebih rendah, tidakmempunyai kutub positif atau negatif pada kakinya, kebanyakan berbentuk bulatpipih berwarna coklat, merah, hijau dan lainnya seperti tablet atau kancingbaju.<o:p></o:p></span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr>  <td height="6" width="291"></td> </tr><tr>  <td></td>  <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_s1053" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Capacitor symbol.jpg" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Capacitor_symbol.jpg&amp;filetimestamp=20060309192159" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:218.25pt; margin-top:4.6pt;width:60.45pt;height:59.45pt;z-index:17;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text' o:button="t"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image024.jpg"  o:title="Capacitor symbol"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi(2009:20)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.12 Lambang Kapasitor</span></b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Namunkebiasaan dan kondisi serta&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artikulasi" title="Artikulasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">artikulasi</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bahasa</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;setiapnegara tergantung pada masyarakat yang lebih sering menyebutkannya. Kinikebiasaan orang tersebut hanya menyebutkan salah satu nama yang paling dominandigunakan atau lebih sering didengar. Pada masa kini, kondensator seringdisebut kapasitor (<i>capacitor</i>) ataupun sebaliknya yang pada ilmuelektronika disingkat dengan huruf (<b>C</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">Satuandari kapasitansi kondensator adalah<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="Farad (halaman belum tersedia)">Farad</a><span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>(<i>F</i>). Namun Farad adalah satuanyang terlalu besar, sehingga digunakan:</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pikofarad (<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="pF" style='width:19.5pt;height:13.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image026.gif"  o:title="pF"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="pF" border="0" height="18" src="file:///C:/Users/hans/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_9" width="26" /><!--[endif]-->) =<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="1\times10^{-12}\,F" style='width:72.75pt;height:14.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image027.gif"  o:title=",F"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="1\times10^{-12}\,F" border="0" height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/hans/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_10" width="97" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nanofarad (<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="nF" style='width:20.25pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image028.gif"  o:title="nF"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="nF" border="0" height="14" src="file:///C:/Users/hans/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_11" width="27" /><!--[endif]-->) =<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="1\times10^{-9}\,F" style='width:67.5pt;height:14.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image029.gif"  o:title=",F"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="1\times10^{-9}\,F" border="0" height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/hans/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_12" width="90" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Microfarad (<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_13" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="\mu\,F" style='width:22.5pt;height:13.5pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image030.gif"  o:title=",F"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="\mu\,F" border="0" height="18" src="file:///C:/Users/hans/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_13" width="30" /><!--[endif]-->) =<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="1\times10^{-6}\,F" style='width:67.5pt;height:14.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image031.gif"  o:title=",F"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="1\times10^{-6}\,F" border="0" height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/hans/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_14" width="90" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Satuan Farad adalah satuan yang sangatbesar dan jarang dipergunakan dalam percobaan. Dalam prakteknya biasanyadipergunakan satuan Farad dalam bentuk pecahan seperti berikut ini:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 Farad (F)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = 1.000.000 µF(mikroFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 mikroFarad (µF)&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.000 nF (nanoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 nanoFarad (nF)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.000 pF (pikoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: -7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel 2.6 NilaiKapasitansi <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: -7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:21)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 37.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 394px;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">  <td colspan="3" nowrap="" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.25pt;" width="394"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nilai Kapasitansi  Padanan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">pF (pikoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">nF (nanoFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">µF (mikroFarad)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,001<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,000 001<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,01<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,000 01<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,000 1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,001<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10.000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,01<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100.000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">0,1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1.000.000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1000,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10000,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">10,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100 000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">100,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">  <td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="120"></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="bottom" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 000 000<o:p></o:p></span></div></td>  <td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1000,0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada jenis kapasitor lain sepertikapasitor elektrolit yang selain memiliki nilai kapasitas juga memilikiparameter-parametera lain seperti batas tegangan kerja. Batas tegangan kerja <i>(Working Voltage) </i>yaitu batas teganganmaksimum di mana kapasitas tersebut dapat dioperasikan dalam suatu rangaian.Parameter tersebut biasanya dicantumkan langsung pada badan kapasitor. Selaindaripada itu untuk jenis-jenis kapasitor pada umumnya diberi tanda (+) dan (-).Tanda tersebut adalah menyatakan polaritas yang harus dihubungkan dengan catudaya. Dalam pemasanganannya harus diperhatikan baik-baik jangan sampai keduatanda tersebut dipasang terbalik sebab apabiala sampai terbalik akanmengakibatkan kerusakan pada kapasitor tersebut dan bahkan akan merusakrangkaian yang akan dibuat. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo55; tab-stops: 49.65pt 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Komponen Aktif<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:33), bahwa “Komponen aktif adalah Komponen yang apabila dialiri aliranlistrik akan menghasilkan sesuatu tenaga baik berbentuk penguatan maupunmengatur aliran listrik yang melaluinya”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi (2009:33), ada beberapa yangtermasuk komponen aktif antara lain adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l46 level2 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l46 level2 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l46 level2 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">IC <i>(IntragatedCircuit)</i><b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l34 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.4.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MenurutBudiharto (2009:02), “Piranti semikonduktor yang mengalirkan arus ke satuarah”. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kalau ia dialiri arus AC maka akan berhasil didapatkanarus DC dari arus AC ini. Karenanya pada sifat yang demikian maka dioda bisadigunakan sebagai perata arus yang biasa dipasang di adaptor.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi<span style="color: #c0504d;"> </span>(2009:32), bahwa “Dioda adalah termasuk komponensemikonduktor yang terdiri dari 2 buah elektroda yaitu anoda (bahan P) dankatoda (bahan N)”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;Dari pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkanbahwa Dioda adalah piranti semikonduktor yang terdiri dari 2 buah elektrodayaitu anoda (bahan P) dan katoda (bahan N).Komponen elektronika dengan duaterminal, yang terbentuk dari dua jenis semikonduktor, yaitu type P yang biasadisebut dengan anoda dan type N yang biasa disebut dengan katoda, dimanakemudian kedua semikonduktor ini digabungkan. Untuk membuat diode dalam keadaanconduct, diperlukan tegangan biasnya sebesar 0,3 volt untuk dioda dengan bahangermanium atau 0,7 volt untuk dioda dengan bahan silikon.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="dioda" style='width:189pt;height:112.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image032.jpg"  o:title="dioda"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:33)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar2.14 Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perlu diketahuibahwa komponen dioda ini pada umumnya hamper selalu dipergunakan dalamrangkaian, terutama pada rangkaian Power Supply. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi(2009:34) Fungsi diode dalam suatu rangkaian adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyearah teganganlistrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengaman tegangan listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memblokir tegangan listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.4.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KonsepDasar Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Budiharto (2009:3), bahwa “Transistor adalahmemiliki 3 terminal biasanya dibuat dari bahan silicon atau germanium”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Rusmadi (2009:42), bahwa “Transistor adalahmerupakan komponen dasar yang paling penting dan banyak dipergunakan dalamsetiap rangkaian”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwaTransistor adalah merupakan komponen dasar yang paling dan banyak digunakanpada setiap rangkaian.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alat_semikonduktor" title="Alat semikonduktor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Alat semikonduktor</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;yang dipakaisebagai penguat, sebagai sirkuit pemutus dan penyambung (switching),stabilisasi tegangan, modulasi sinyal atau sebagai fungsi lainnya. Transistordapat berfungsi semacam kran listrik, dimana berdasarkan arus inputnya (BJT)atau tegangan inputnya (FET), memungkinkan pengaliran listrik yang sangatakurat dari sirkuit sumber listriknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr>  <td height="11" width="225"></td> </tr><tr>  <td></td>  <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_18" o:spid="_x0000_s1052" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="gh" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left; margin-left:168.6pt;margin-top:7.95pt;width:132.75pt;height:132pt;z-index:13; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image034.jpg"  o:title="gh"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:40)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.15 Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Padaumumnya, transistor memiliki 3 terminal, yaitu Basis (B), Emitor (E) danKolektor (C). Tegangan yang di satu terminalnya misalnya Emitor dapat dipakaiuntuk mengatur arus dan tegangan yang lebih besar daripada arus input Basis,yaitu pada keluaran tegangan dan arus <i>output</i>Kolektor.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistormemiliki 2 dioda yang kutub positif atau kutub negatifnya terhimpit, sertamemiliki terminal, yaitu emitter (E), kolektor (C), dan basis (B). BJT dapatdibagi menjadi dua jenis berikut ini:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 7.05pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">NPN(Negative Positive Negative)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistor NPN terdiri dari 1 lapisansemikondutor tipe-p di antara 2 lapisan semikonduktor tipe-n. Arus kecil yangmemasuki basis pada emitter dikuatkan di keluran kolektor. Dengan kata lain,transistor NPN hidup ketika tegangan basis lebih tinggi dari pada tenganemitter.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr>  <td height="21" width="229"></td> </tr><tr>  <td></td>  <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1051" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Transistor NPN" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left; margin-left:171.6pt;margin-top:15.45pt;width:130.5pt;height:86.25pt;z-index:5; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image036.png"  o:title="Transistor NPN"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">&nbsp;</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 49.65pt;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:41)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.16 <i>SimbolTransistor NPN<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 7.05pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PNP(Positive Negative Positive)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1050" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Transistor PNP" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:192.6pt; margin-top:133.1pt;width:68.6pt;height:78pt;z-index:6;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image038.png"  o:title="Transistor PNP"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 104px; left: 0px; margin-left: 257px; margin-top: 177px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 91px; z-index: 6;"></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TransistorPNP terdiri dari 2 lapisan semikonduktor tipe-n di antara 2 alpisansemikonduktor tipe-p. arus kecil yang meninggalkan basis pada moda tunggalemitter dikuatkan dikeluran kolektor. Dengan kata lain, transistor PNP hidupketika tegangan basis lebih rendah dari pada tegangan emitter. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi(2009:41)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt 72.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.17 <i>Simbol Transistor PNP</i></span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Transistor merupakankomponen yang sangat penting dalam dunia elektronik modern. Dalam rangkaiananalog, transistor digunakan dalam amplifier (penguat). Rangkaian analogmelingkupi pengeras suara, sumber listrik stabil (stabilisator) dan penguatsinyal radio. Dalam rangkaian-rangkaian&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital" title="Digital"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">digital</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,transistor digunakan sebagai&nbsp;</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saklar" title="Saklar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">saklar</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">&nbsp;berkecepatantinggi. Beberapa transistor juga dapat dirangkai sedemikian rupa sehinggaberfungsi sebagai&nbsp;logic gate,memori dan fungsi rangkaian-rangkaian lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l34 level4 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US">2.2.4.3<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Konsep Dasar IC <i>(Integrated Circuit)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:46), bahwa “IC adalah Sebuah rangkaian terpadu”.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Komponen <i>Integrated Circuit</i> dirancang daribeberapa komponen elektronika seperti transistor, dioda, resistor, kapasitor,dan komponen lainya, sehingga menjadi satu kesatuan yang berbentuk <i>chip</i>.</span></div><div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_19" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="ic" style='width:225.75pt; height:125.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image040.jpg"  o:title="ic" grayscale="t"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber: Rusmadi (2009:46)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Gambar 2.18 IC <i>(IntegratedCircuit)</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US">MenurutRusmadi (2009:48), ada beberapa keuntungan dari pengguna IC diantaranya ialah:</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Bentuk fisiknya kecil sehinggarangakian jadinya akan kelihatan kecil dan kompak <i>(compo).</i></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Catu daya yang diperlukankecil.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Sistem operasional sangatpraktis dan cepat</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Baik pemasangan maupunpemakaiannya mudah dan praktis.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Harganya relatif murahdibanding dengan menggunakan transistor.</span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost"><span lang="EN-US">Jenis-jenis IC sangat banyak dan beraneka ragam sesuai dengankebutuhan penggunaannya. Misalnya saja IC analog, digital, penguat audio,penguat RF (Radio Frequency), IC regulator, CMOS. Semuanya memiliki kegunaandan karakteristik sendiri-sendiri yang bisa kita lihat di data</span></span><span class="fullpost">sheet<span lang="EN-US">IC.</span></span><span class="fullpost"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><b>2.2.10<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></b></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><b>Konsepdasar komunikasi I2C (<i>Inter IntergratedCircuit</i>)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1049" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="avr8535-30-728.jpg" style='position:absolute; left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:74.1pt;margin-top:300pt;width:281.25pt; height:136.5pt;z-index:19;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square; mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image042.jpg"  o:title="avr8535-30-728"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 182px; left: 0px; margin-left: 99px; margin-top: 400px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 375px; z-index: 19;"></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Antarmuka serial 2 kabel(TWI) sangat ideal untuk diterapkan pada aplikasi menggunakan mikrokontroller.Protokol ini mengizinkan desain sistem untuk saling berkoneksi sampai 128piranti yang berlainan menggunakan hanya 2 jalur dua arah, satu untuk clock(SCL) dan satunya untuk data (SDA). Perangkat keras eksternal yang dibutuhkanuntuk mengimplementasikan jaringan ini adalah resistor pull-up tunggal untuksetiap jalur bus TWI. Semua piranti dikoneksikan ke bus tersebut mempunyai alamatmandiri, dan mekanisme pengaturan bus yang kemungkinan bertabrakan dalamprotokol TWI akibat memiliki jalur yang sama untuk semua piranti. Gambarkoneksi antarpiranti dalam protokol TWI di tunjukkan pada gambar .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span class="fullpost"><b>Gambar 2.19 Diagram koneksi antarpiranti dalamprotokol TWI<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">Terlihat pada gambar desain protokol perangkat kerasnya sangat mendukungfleksibilitas sistem. Saat ini desain sistem elektronik dan komputer dituntutuntuk semakin ringkas dan fleksibel, di mana ukuran fisik IC semakin diperkecildan jumlah pin diminimalkan dengan tetap menjaga fleksibilitas dan kompabilitasIC sehingga mudah untuk digunakan dalam berbagai keperluan desain yang berbeda.Banyak perusahaan semikonduktor yang berusaha mengembangkan cara barukomunikasi antar-IC yang lebih mendukung terhadap keinginan tersebut sebagaialternatif dari hubungan antar-IC secara paralel (parallel bus) yang sudahdikenal luas. Salah satu metode yang telah matang dan dipakai secara luasadalah I2C, singkatan dari Inter Intergrated Circuit bus yang dikembangkan olehPhilips Semiconduktor sejak tahun 1992, dengan konsep dasar komunikasi 2 arahantar-IC dan/atau antar sistem secara serial menggunakan 2 kabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">Setiap IC yang terhubung dalam I2C memiliki alamatyang unik yang dapat diakses secara perangkat keras dengan protokolmaster/slave yag sederhana, dan mampu mengakomodasikan multi-master. I2Cmerupakan bus serial dengan orientasi data 8 bit, komunikasi 2 arah, dengankecepatan transfer data sampai 100Kbit/s pada mode standar dan 3,4 Mbit/s padamode kecepatan tinggi. Jumlah IC yang dapat dihubungkan pada I2C bus hanyadibatasi oleh kapasitas beban pada bus, yaitu maksimum 400pF. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.9pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">Keuntungan yang didapat dengan menggunakan I2Cantara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Meminimalkan jalur hubungan antar-IC<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Menghemat luasan PCB yang dibutuhkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Membuat sistem yang didesain berorientasi software(mudah diekspan dan di upgrade). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost">Membuat sistem yang didesain menjadi standarsehingga dapat dihubungkan dengan sistem lain yang juga menggunakan bus I2C.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo58; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><b>2.2.11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;</span></b></span><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><b>Konsep dasarKomunikasi Modul Bluetooth<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr>  <td height="3" width="62"></td> </tr><tr>  <td></td>  <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1048" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="hc05 skematik.png" style='position:absolute; left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:155.85pt;margin-top:2.15pt;width:247.5pt; height:172.5pt;z-index:22;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square; mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image044.png"  o:title="hc05 skematik"/></v:shape><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_0" o:spid="_x0000_s1047" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="hc05.png" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:46.35pt; margin-top:10.4pt;width:109.5pt;height:152.25pt;z-index:23;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.png"  o:title="hc05"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span class="fullpost"><b>&nbsp;</b></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="fullpost">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 3.3. (a)Tampilan Fisik Modul bluetooth HC-05, (b) letak Pin Module bluetooth HC-05<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Dalamperancangan Bluetooth ini, menggunakan modul <i>Bluetooth HC-05. </i>Yang memiliki spesifikasi sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bluetooth protocal:&nbsp; BluetoothSpecification v2.0+EDR<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Frequency:&nbsp; 2.4GHz ISM band<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Modulation:&nbsp; GFSK(Gaussian Frequency ShiftKeying)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Emission power:&nbsp; ≤4dBm, Class 2<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sensitivity:&nbsp; ≤-84dBm at 0.1% BER<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Speed: Asynchronous:&nbsp; 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160kbps, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Synchronous: 1Mbps/1Mbps<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Security:&nbsp; Authentication and encryption<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Profiles:&nbsp; Bluetooth serial port<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Power supply: +3.3VDC 50mA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Working temperature: -20 ~ +75 Centigrade<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dimension: 26.9mm x 13mm x 2.2 mm<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level3 lfo59; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Operating </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sy</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">stem</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level4 lfo59; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.12.1.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sejarah Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Menurut Nazruddin Safaat H (2011:1), “a</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">ndroid adalah </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistem operasi</span></a></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> yang berbasis </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Linux</span></a></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> untuk </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_seluler"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">telepon seluler</span></a></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> seperti </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_pintar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">telepon pintar</span></a></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> dan </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_tablet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">komputer tablet</span></a></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android menyediakan platform terbuka bagi parapengembang untuk menciptakan aplikasi mereka sendiri untuk digunakan olehbermacam peranti bergerak. Awalnya, Google Inc. membeli Android Inc., pendatangbaru yang membuat peranti lunak untuk ponsel. Kemudian untuk mengembangkan Android,dibentuklah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Handset_Alliance&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Open Handset Alliance</span></i></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">,konsorsium dari 34 perusahaan peranti keras, peranti lunak, dan telekomunikasi,termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Google</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">HTC</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Intel</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Motorola</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcomm"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Qualcomm</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobile"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">T-Mobile</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Nvidia</span></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Di dunia ini terdapat dua jenis distributorsistem operasi Android. Pertama yang mendapat dukungan penuh dari Google atau <i>Google Mail Services </i>(GMS) dan keduaadalah yang benar–benar bebas distribusinya tanpa dukungan langsung Google ataudikenal sebagai <i>Open Handset Distribution</i>(OHD).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l47 level4 lfo59; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.12.2.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">P</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">erkembangan Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Wahana(2012:2) didalam bukunya mengemukakan p</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">erkembanganAndroid dan keunggulannya </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">diantaranya</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> sebagai berikut:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android versi 1.1</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 9 Maret 2009, Googlemerilis Android versi 1.1. Android versi ini dilengkapi dengan pembaruanestetis pada aplikasi, jam alarm,&nbsp;<i>voice search</i> (pencarian suara),pengiriman pesan dengan&nbsp;Gmail, dan pemberitahuan email. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 1.5(Cupcake)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada pertengahan Mei 2009, Google kembali merilis teleponseluler dengan menggunakan Android dan SDK (<em>Software Development Kit</em>)dengan versi 1.5 (Cupcake). Terdapat beberapa pembaruan termasuk jugapenambahan beberapa fitur dalam seluler versi ini yakni kemampuan merekam danmenonton video dengan modus kamera, mengunggah video ke Youtube dan gambar kePicasa langsung dari telepon, dukungan <em>Bluetooth A2DP</em>,kemampuan terhubung secara otomatis ke <i>headset</i><i>Bluetooth</i>, animasi layar, dan <i>keyboard</i> pada layar yang dapatdisesuaikan dengan sistem.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 1.6 (Donut)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Donut (versi 1.6) dirilis pada September denganmenampilkan proses pencarian yang lebih baik dibanding sebelumnya, penggunaanbaterai indikator dan kontrol applet VPN. Fitur lainnya adalah galeri yangmemungkinkan pengguna untuk memilih foto yang akan dihapus, kamera, camcorderdan galeri yang dintegrasikan, CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x, VPN, gestures, kemampuandial kontak, teknologi <em>text to change speech</em>, pengadaanresolusi VWGA. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 2.1 (Eclair)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 3 Desember 2009 kembali diluncurkan ponsel Android dengan versi 2.0/2.1(Eclair), perubahan yang dilakukan adalah pengoptimalan hardware, peningkatanGoogle Maps 3.1.2, perubahan UI dengan browser baru dan dukungan HTML5, daftarkontak yang baru, dukungan f<i>lash</i> untuk kamera 3,2 MP, digital Zoom, danBluetooth 2.1.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 2.2 (Froyo: <i>Frozen Yogurt</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 20 Mei 2010, Android versi 2.2 rev 1 (Froyo)diluncurkan. Android inilah yang sekarang sangat banyak beredar di pasaran,salah satunya adalah dipakai samsung FX tab yang sudah ada di pasaran, fituryang tersedia di android versi ini sudah kompleks di antaranya adalah ; <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kerangka aplikasi: itumemungkinkan penggunaan dan penghapusan komponen yang tersedia. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalvik mesin virtual:mesin virtual dioptimalkan untuk perangkat telepon seluler. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Grafik: grafik di 2Ddan grafis 3D berdasarkan pustaka OpenGL. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SQLite: untukpenyimpanan data. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mendukung media: audio,video, dan berbagai format gambar (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">GSM, Bluetooth, EDGE,3G, 4G dan WiFi (tergantung piranti keras) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kamera, <i>Global Positioning System</i> (GPS), kompas,NFC dan <i>accelerometer</i> (tergantungpiranti keras)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 2.3 (Gingerbread)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada 6Desember 2010, Android versi 2.3 (Gingerbread) diluncurkan. Perubahan-perubahanumum yang didapat dari Android versi ini antara lain peningkatan kemampuanpermainan (gaming), peningkatan fungsi copy paste, layar antar muka (<i>User Interface</i>) didesain ulang, dukunganformat video VP8 dan WebM, efek audio baru (reverb, equalization, headphonevirtualization, dan bass boost), dukungan kemampuan Near Field Communication(NFC), dan dukungan jumlah kamera yang lebih dari satu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 3.0(Honeycomb)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://away.web.id/tablet-android-honeycomb-terbaik-murah/#_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Android Honeycomb</span></a></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> dirancang khusus untuk tablet. Android versi ini mendukungukuran layar yang lebih besar. User Interface pada Honeycomb juga berbedakarena sudah didesain untuk tablet. Honeycomb juga mendukung multi prosesor dan juga akselerasi perangkat keras(hardware) untuk grafis. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 4.0 (IceCream Sandwich)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ice Cream Sandwich didesain untuk baik itu teleponataupun tablet. Android ICS menawarkan banyak peningkatan dari apa yg sudah adadi Gingerbread dan Honeycomb dengan pada saat yang sama memberikaninovasi-inovasi baru. Beberapa peningkatan itu antara lain kemampuan copy pasteyang lebih baik, <i>data logging</i> dan <i>warnings</i>, dan kemampuan utk mengambil <i>screenshot</i> dengan menekan power danvolume bersamaan. Selain itu keyboardnya dan kamus juga mendapat perbaikan. <em><span style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Inovasi-inovasi baru di ICS</span></em>antara lain penggunaan font “Roboto”. di Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SystemBar dan Action Bar. adanya Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich voice control yangmemungkinkan kita mendikte teks yang ingin kita ketik. Selain itu Face Unlockmerupakan salah satu hal yang menonjol di Android versi baru ini. Juga ada NFCbased app yang disebut Android Bump, yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk bertukarinformasi/data hanya dengan menyentuhkan gadget.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Versi 4.1 (JellyBean)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android Jelly Bean yaang diluncurkan pada acara GoogleI/O lalu membawa sejumlah keunggulan dan fitur baru. Penambahan barudiantaranya meningkatkan <i>input</i>keyboard, desain baru fitur pencarian, UI yang baru dan pencarian melalui VoiceSearch yang lebih cepat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Tidak ketinggalan Google Now juga menjadi bagian yang diperbarui.Google Now memberikan informasi yang tepat pada waktu yang tepat pula. Salahsatu kemampuannya adalah dapat mengetahui informasi cuaca, lalu-lintas, ataupunhasil pertandingan olahraga. Sistem operasi Android Jelly Bean 4.1 munculpertama kali dalam produk tablet Asus, yakni Google Nexus 7.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l47 level4 lfo59; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.12.3.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Android SDK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Menurut Nazruddin Safaat H (2011:15), “SDK (<i>Software Development Kit</i>) merupakan alat bantu dan API dalammengembangkan aplikasi pada platform android menggunakan bahasa pemrogramanJAVA”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">SDK Android sebenarnya adalah kumpulan tools yang disediakan oleh google untuk para pengembang yang ingin mencoba mengembangkanaplikasi android nya. Sdk sendiri merupakan kependekan dari system developmentkits, dalam sdk ini terdapat tools tool yang di butuhkan dalam pengembanganandroid, diantaranya adalah:</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1046" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left; margin-left:38.85pt;margin-top:-18.3pt;width:353.25pt;height:206.25pt; z-index:9;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text' filled="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image047.png"  o:title=""/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 9;"><span style="height: 275px; left: 0px; left: 52px; position: absolute; top: -24px; width: 471px;"><br /></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.1</span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">9</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan <i>Tools</i> SDK</span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Adb Shell <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Adb sendiri merupakan bagiandari android <i>development</i> <i>bridge</i> yang dapat menjalankan terminalandroid seperti anda menjalankan terminal pada sistem operasi linux, dan <i>command</i> yang terdapat adalam adb shellsendiri sama seperti <i>command</i> linuxpada umumnya, dan sistem yang berjalan pun juga hampir sama seperti linux padaumumnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Android Simulator<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Capacitor_symbol.jpg&amp;filetimestamp=20060309192159" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Polarized_kondensator_symbol_3.jpg&amp;filetimestamp=20060309192241" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3677440505615063950" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Fungsi dari android simulator iniberguna untuk para programer yang ingin melakukan testing aplikasi yang di buatnya kedalam sistem operasi android secara virtual sebelum mengaplikasikanyakedalam handset android sebenarnya, bila kita menjalankan android virtual ini,yang kita lihat sama seperti kita menjalankan handset android yang sesungguhnya, dan versi versi android terdahulu juga bisa kita jalankan apabila kitamenginstal dan mendownload nya pada situs resmi google<o:p></o:p></span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr>  <td height="12" width="78"></td> </tr><tr>  <td></td>  <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1045" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0; text-align:left;margin-left:58.35pt;margin-top:9pt;width:319.05pt;height:196.5pt; z-index:10;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text' filled="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image049.png"  o:title=""/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">20</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan <i>android simulator</i></span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l47 level3 lfo59; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.2.13.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pemrograman </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Basic 4 Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr>  <td height="593" width="234"></td> </tr><tr>  <td></td>  <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1044" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:175.5pt; margin-top:444.75pt;width:310.5pt;height:246pt;z-index:11;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:page' o:allowoverlap="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image051.png"  o:title=""/> <w:wrap anchorx="page" anchory="page"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">&nbsp;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br clear="ALL" /><br /><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">21</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan IDE Basic 4Android</span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">B</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">s</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.25pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">c</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.45pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">4</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">nd</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">r</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">o</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.35pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">u</span>k m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">V</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">du</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">j</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">K</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">il</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">/</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">V</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">il</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">vbv</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">60</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">l</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span>i <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">N</span>O<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">N</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">N</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">E</span>S<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">)</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">D</span>E<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">d</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">B</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">s</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.25pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">c</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.45pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">4</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">A</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">nd</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">r</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.7pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">o</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i</span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">d</span></i><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.1pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">G</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">U</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">du</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">un</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">on</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">r</span>ta<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">u</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">uh</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;">g</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">li</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">X</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">M</span>L<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">t</span>, dapat di developdan debug dengan Emulator Android atau dengan real device (koneksi ke USB ataumelalui local network).<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1043" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left; margin-left:91.9pt;margin-top:6.1pt;width:291.5pt;height:229.3pt;z-index:12; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative:text'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\hans\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image053.png"  o:title=""/> <w:wrap type="square"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar2.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">22</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Tampilan Designer Basic 4Android<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level2 lfo59; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Literature Review</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Berikutini adalah penelitian yang telah dilakukan dan memiliki kolerasi yang searahdengan penelitian yang akan dibahas dalam Tugas Akhir ini diantara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Penelitian yang dilakukanoleh Reza Handaru Winasis (2014) yang berjudul “Pemanfaatan SensorAccelorometer pada Smartphone Android Sebagai Kendali Pagar Rumah MelaluiBluetooth”. Penelitian ini mambahas tentang&nbsp;mengendalikan pintu pagar rumah, yang dapat dilakukan denganmemanfaatkan Sensor Accelerometer. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi Android SensorAccelerometer mengirimkan String tertentu kepada mikrokontroller ATmega 8melalui komunikasi Bluetooth HC-05 untuk membuka pintu pagar rumah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian Supriyadi dari STMIK RAHARJA Tangerang yang berjudul“Pemanfaatan Teknologi <i>Bluetooth</i>Untuk Indikator Posisi Suatu Benda” tahun 2013. Pada penelitian ini bertujuanmemanfaatkan media bluetooth untuk membantu mencari posisi suatu benda.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dhida Restu Giri Madya(2014) yang berjudul “</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">P</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">roto</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">t</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ype pengendali pintu dan jendela mobil menggunakansmartphone berbasis atmega 328p di kelurahan </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">C</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ibogo</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">”. Dalam penelitian ini salah satunya membahas tentangkomunikasi serial&nbsp; antara arduino dengan smartphoneandroid</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> lewat media Bluetooth.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan Reza Nursyah Putra (2014) yangberjudul “Prototipe Alat Pembersih Toren Otomatis menggunakan SMS Gateway padaPT. Cahaya Televisi Indonesia”. Dalam penelitian ini salah satunya membahas tentangpengambilan data sebuah pesan singkat pada smartphone.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan Vani Banu Aji (2014) yangberjudul “Alat Penghitung Jumlah Botol menggunakan Sensor Inductive Proximitydengan Kapasitas 1000 Botol per Menit pada Mesin Filling PT. Cola-ColaUngaran”. Pada penelitian ini salah satunya membahas tentang Komunikasi I2C(Inter Intregated Circuit) pada Mikrokontroller.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level7 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penelitian yang dilakukan Andy Renauld (2014) yangberjudul “Sistem Notifikasi Antrian Berbasis Android”, pada penelitian inisalah satunya membahas sistem notifikasi pada sebuah smartphone android.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Keterkaitan pembahasan daripenelitian – penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya pada literature review diatas adalah adanya komunikasi serial melalui bluetooth, komunikasi I2C dansebuah sistem yang memiliki notifikasi sebuah sms atau pesan singkat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 62.25pt;"><br /></div>
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Revisi per 27 Desember 2014 12.09

PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE

BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO




SKRIPSI



Logo stmik raharja.jpg




Disusun Oleh:


NIM
: 1031465047
NAMA



JURUSAN SISTEM KOMPUTER

KONSENTRASI COMPUTER SYSTEM

SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER

STMIKRAHARJA

TANGERANG

2014/2015

SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER


(STMIK) RAHARJA


 


LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI

PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE

BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO


Disusun Oleh :

NIM
: 1031465047
Nama
Jenjang Studi
: Strata Satu
Jurusan
: Sistem Komputer
Konsentrasi
: Computer System

 

 

Disahkan Oleh :

Tangerang, 25 Januari 2015

Ketua
       
Kepala Jurusan
STMIK RAHARJA
       
Jurusan Sistem Komputer
           
           
           
           
(Ir. Untung Rahardja, M.T.I)
       
(Ferry Sudarto,S.Pd,M.Kom)
NIP :
       
NIP :

SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER

(STMIK) RAHARJA

 


LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING

PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE

BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO

Dibuat Oleh :

NIM
: 1031465047
Nama

 

Telah disetujui untuk dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Ujian Komprehensif

Jurusan Sistem Komputer

Konsentrasi Computer System

Disetujui Oleh :

Tangerang, 25 Januari 2015

Pembimbing I
   
Pembimbing II
       
       
       
       
(Asep saefulloh,S.Pd, M.Kom)
   
(Moch. Ibnu Safari, M.kom)
NID :
   
NID :

SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER

(STMIK) RAHARJA

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN DEWAN PENGUJI

PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE

BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO


Dibuat Oleh :

NIM
: 1031465047
Nama

Disetujui setelah berhasil dipertahankan dihadapan Tim Penguji Ujian

Komprehensif

Jurusan Sistem Komputer

Konsentrasi Sistem Komputer Computer System

Tahun Akademik 2014/2015

Disetujui Penguji :

Tangerang, 20 januari 2015

Ketua Penguji
 
Penguji I
 
Penguji II
         
         
         
         
(_______________)
 
(_______________)
 
(_______________)
NID :
 
NID :
 
NID :

SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN DAN ILMU KOMPUTER

(STMIK) RAHARJA

 

LEMBAR KEASLIAN SKRIPSI

PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE

BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO

Disusun Oleh :

NIM
: 1031465047
Nama
Jenjang Studi
: Strata Satu
Jurusan
: Sistem Komputer
Konsentrasi
: Sistem Komputer Computer System

 

 

Menyatakan bahwa Skripsi ini merupakan karya tulis saya sendiri dan bukan merupakan tiruan, salinan, atau duplikat dari Skripsi yang telah dipergunakan untuk mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Komputer baik di lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi Raharja maupun di Perguruan Tinggi lain, serta belum pernah dipublikasikan.

Pernyataan ini dibuat dengan penuh kesadaran dan rasa tanggung jawab, serta bersedia menerima sanksi jika pernyataan diatas tidak benar.

Tangerang, 25 Januari 2015

 
 
 
 
 
NIM : 1031465047

 

)*Tandatangan dibubuhi materai 6.000;


ABSTRAKSI

Maraknya penggunaan smartphone pada semua kalangan masyarakat membuat meningkatnya tuntutan alat-alat aksesoris smartphone untuk kemudahan dalam penggunaanya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Seperti jika pengguna sedang ditempat umum, mengikuti rapat, ataupun sedang berkendara kendaraan motor. Selain dari pesatnya penggunaan teknologi smartphone pada masyarakat, ada juga teknologi di bidang mikrokontroller yang dapat dikatakan pesat perkembangannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat, yaitu arduino yang merupakan suatu modul mikrokontroller. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu perangkat berbasis mikrokontroller yang dapat membantu pengguna untuk menampilkan kondisi dari smartphone seperti adanya pesan masuk atau telepon yang masuk ke smartphone, berukuran kecil dan bisa di implementasikan sesuai dengan pekerjaan pengguna. Dengan menggunakan metode prototipe dalam proses perancangan model sederhana yang dapat mewakili hasil yang sebenarnya nantinya dan metode blackbox untuk pengujian alat ini untuk mengetahui apakah perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras berfungsi dengan benar dan telah sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Dapat dihasilkan suatu perangkat yang berfungsi sebagai media notifikasi bagi smartphone seperti pesan singkat dan panggilan masuk, dan memiliki interface OLED Display. Hal tersebut dapat membantu pengguna Smartphone dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Kata Kunci: Smartphone, Notifikasi, Arduino.

ABSTRACT

Isi abstract dengan bahasa inggris.


Keywords : ............

KATA PENGANTAR


Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan laporan skripsi ini dengan baik. Dimana laporan ini dibuat dan disajikan dalam bentuk buku yang sederhana, adapun judul dalam penyusunan laporan skripsi ini adalah “PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO”.

Tujuan penulisan laporan skripsi ini dibuat sebagai syarat untuk mengikuti sidang kelulusan jurusan Sistem Komputer pada STMIK Raharja jenjang strata satu guna mendapatkan gelar sarjana. Sebagai bahan penulisan, penulis ambil berdasarkan hasil observasi, wawancara, serta sumber literatur yang mendukung penulisan ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa tanpa bimbingan dan dorongan semua pihak, penulis tidak dapat menyelesaikan laporan ini dengan baik dan tepat pada waktunya. Untuk itu, dalam kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih kepada :

  1. Bapak Ir. Untung Rahardja., M.T.I, selaku Ketua STMIK Raharja.
  2. Bapak Drs. Po. Abas Sunarya., M.Si, selaku Direktur Perguruan Tinggi Raharja.
  3. Bapak Sugeng Santoso., M.Kom, selaku Pembantu Ketua I STMIK Raharja.
  4. Bapak Ferry Sudarto, S.Kom, M.Pd., selaku Kepala Jurusan Sitem Komputer (SI) STMIK Raharja.
  5. Bapak Asep Saefulloh, S.Pd, M.Kom., selaku Dosen pembimbing 1.
  6. Bapak Moch. Ibnu Safari, M.Kom, selaku Dosen Pembimbing 2.
  7. Ny. Rina Anggraini, selaku Direktur Utama CV. Mandiri Barokah.
  8. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Raharja yang telah memberikan ilmu pengetahuan kepada penulis.
  9. Orang tua dan seluruh keluarga besar tercinta yang selalu menjadi motivasi penulis untuk menyelesaikan laporan skripsi ini.
  10. Pacar tersayang yang selalu memberi semangat dan doa siti Umairoh yang juga selalu memberikan dukungan dan support dalam penyelesaian laporan ini.
  11. Sahabat, teman – teman seperjuangan (Ade Novarianto, dan angkatan 2010 lainnya yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu persatu) yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan support satu sama lain dalam penyelesaian laporan ini.
  12. HMJ HIMASIKOM
  13. Dan semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu.

Tak ada gading yang tak retak, penulis mohon maaf apabila terdapat kesalahan dalam penulisan entah disengaja maupun yang tidak disengaja. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang membangun dalam penyusunan laporan skripsi ini sangat penulis harapkan.

Akhir kata semoga penulisan laporan skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pembaca dan dapat menjadi bahan acuan yang bermanfaat di kemudian hari.


Tangerang, 25 januari 2015
Handri Samanta
NIM. 1031465047



BAB I

PENDAHULUAN


Latar Belakang

Maraknya penggunaan smartphone pada semua kalangan masyarakat membuatmeningkatnya tuntutan alat-alat aksesoris untuk smartphone untuk kemudahandalam penggunaanya. Smartphone yangmemiliki fasilitas atau fungsi - fungsi seperti sebuah komputer itulah yangmembuat sebagian besar kalangan masyarakat menggunakan smartphone, mengirim danmenerima email, sosial media, browsing internet, pemutar musik, kamera danfitur lainnya. Tetapi fungsi sebagai telepon seluler tidak hilang sepertitelepon dan pesan singkat, bahkan lebih baik karena spesifikasi dari smartphone tersebut bisa dibilangtinggi. Seiring dengan hal tersebut para pengguna menjadi berlebihan dalammenggunakan smartphone karena tidaksesuai dengan tempatnya, seperti di tempat umum yang memancing tindakankejahatan karena harga dari smartphonecukup bernilai, misalkan jika pengguna ditempat umum mengeluarkan smartphone miliknya, dapat memancingpara pencopet atau penodong untuk merampas smartphonemilik pengguna, kemudian untuk para pengendara sepeda motor saat menggunakan smartphone seperti menulis pesan singkatatau hanya melihat kondisi smartphonesaat pengguna berhenti di pinggir jalan, dapat memancing perampasan dari pelakukriminal yang menggunakan sepeda motor juga, semua itu terjadi karena salahsatunya karena kita terkadang memancing tindakan kriminal dengan menunjukkan smartphone walaupun pengguna smartphone tidak menyadarinya. Smartphone milik pengguna yang bernilaiitu merupakan sasaran bagi pelaku kriminal. Selain itu saat berkendara jugasangat membahayakan para pengendara jika sambil mengecek kondisi smartphonekarena pengendara hanya menggunakan satu tangan untuk mengendarai sepeda motorkarena tangan  yang satu lagi sedangfokus untuk menggunakan smartphone,dan tak hanya itu. Saat mengeluarkan smartphoneuntuk melihat kondisinya dari kantong pakaian kita juga cukup menyulitkan apalagi bila pengendara menggunakan sarung tangan.
Selain dari pesatnya penggunaan teknologi smartphone pada masyarakat,   ada juga teknologi di bidang mikrokontroller yang dapat dikatakan pesat perkembangannya dalam kehidupan sehari-harimasyarakat, yaitu arduino. Arduino merupakan modul mikrokontrolleryang cukup banyak digunakan untuk embeddedsystem, Sistem Otomasi dan perangkatpintar lainnya.  Sistemkendali atau sistem kontrol (controlsystem) adalah suatu alat untuk memerintah dan mengatur keadaan dari suatusistem. Istilah sistem kendali ini dapat dipraktekkan secara manual untukmengendalikan peralatan rumah secara otomatis (home automation) misalnya pintu dan jendela, ada juga yang dapatdiaplikasikan pada kendaraan .
Olehkarena itu, dibutuhkan suatu perangkat berbasismikrokontroller yang dapat membantu pengguna untuk menampilkan kondisi dari smartphone seperti adanya pesan masukatau telepon yang masuk ke smartphone,berukuran kecil dan bisa di implementasikan sesuai dengan pekerjaan pengguna.

Rumusan Masalah

Dari latar belakang permasalahan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan permasalahan sebagai berikut:
1.            Apakah aplikasi android bisa mengambil data pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke Smartphone?
2.            Bagaimana membuat perangkat berbasis Arduinoyang mampu menjadi media antarmuka pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang  baru masuk ke Smartphone?
3.            Bagaimana komunikasi antara aplikasi berbasis android dengan perangkat Arduino?

Ruang Lingkup

Sebagaipembatasan bahasan atas penyusunan laporan ini sehingga fokus dan sesuai dengantujuan yang ditetapkan, maka ruang lingkup laporan ini adalah sebagai berikut:
1.            Aplikasi berbasis android untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan yang baru masuk kesmartphone.
2.            Perangkat berbasis arduino pro micro dapat berkomunikasi dengan smartphone lewat bluetoothuntuk  menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke smartphone


Tujuandan Manfaat

Tujuan

Tujuan Individu

1.            Memenuhi syaratkelulusan untuk jenjang Strata (S1).
2.            Mengaplikasikan ilmu yang penulis dapat selama pekuliahan.


Tujuan Fungsional

1.            Membuat aplikasiberbasis android yang dapat menampilkan pemberitahuan pesan singkat yangbaru masuk ke smartphone.
2.            Membuat perangkatberbasis Arduino yang dapatberkomunikasi dengan smartphone lewatbluetooth untuk  menampilkan pesan singkat yang baru masuk ke smartphone.

Tujuan Operasional

1.            Agar pengguna smartphonelebih mendapat kemudahan dalam menggunakan smartphonenya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
2.            Agar pengguna smartphonedapat melihat pesan yang masuk ke smartphonemereka tanpa melihat secara langsung smartphonemilik mereka dan ini berguna bagi pengguna yang sedang di tempat umum danberkendara untuk mencegah hal - hal yang tidak diinginkan terjadi.




Manfaat

Manfaat individu

1.            Dapat mengembangkan ilmu yang penulis dapatkan selama perkuliahan.
2.            Memberikan kepuasan karena dapat menciptakan sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat.
3.            Memberikan suatu terobosan baru  pada tempat perkuliahan penulis di STMIK RAHARJA.

Manfaat fungsional

1.            Aplikasi smartphone yang dirancang dapatmengambil data atau teks pesan singkat yang masuk ke smartphone.
2.            Dapat melihat pesansingkat yang masuk ke smartphonetanpa melihat secara langsung smartphone.

Manfaat operasional

1.            Mempermudah dalam menggunakan smartphone karena lebih praktis..
2.            Mempermudah penggunaan smartphone jika sedang berkendara atau ditempat umum.





Metode Penelitian

Metode Pengumpulan Data

Observasi(Observation)

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Dalam metode ini penulis melakukanobservasi terhadap lingkungan parapengguna smartphone agarpenulis mendapatkan data yang dibutuhkan.

Wawancara(Interview)

Selain observasi penulis juga melakukanwawancara kepada para pengguna smartphone untukmengetahui kebutuhan atau keinginanperangkat yang dibutuhkan untuk membantu pengguna smartphone lebih mudah.

Studi Kepustakaan

Selain melakukanobservasi dan wawancara penulis juga melakukan studi kepustakaan, browsing internet, jurnal, dan artikeldengan cara pengumpulan data, dalam hal ini penulis berusaha melengkapidata-data yang diperoleh dengan cara mencari artikel sebagai referensi yangberhubungan dengan perancanganaplikasi dan perangkat berbasis arduino untuk menampilkan kondisi dari smartphone.




Metode Analisa

Metode Analisa Sistem

Dalam metode ini peneliti menganalisa teoridari data-data yang diperoleh sehingga dapat menghasilkan informasi yangbermanfaat dalam penelitian.

Metode Analisa Perancangan Program

Metode analisa perancangan program pada penelitian skripsi ini penulis menggunakan bagan alir program (FlowchartProgram). Hal tersebut dikarenakan penulis membuat interface dengan menggunakan Basic4Android.

Metode Perancangan

Dalam melakukan perancangan penulismenggunakan metode Sistem Flowchart dimanatahap demi tahap proses pembuatanperangkat berbasis arduinountuk menampilkan kondisi dari smartphone.

Metode Prototipe

Prototipe yangdigunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah pendekatan evolutionary, dimana penulis melakukan pengembangan terhadap Arduino agar dapat menerima data dari aplikasi yang terdapat di smartphone.




MetodeTesting

Dalam metode pengujian ini penulis melakukanuji coba dengan metode Black Boxterhadap prototipe yang telah dibuat agar diketahui apakah prototipe sudahberjalan sesuai ketentuan.

Sistematika Penulisan

              BAB I           PENDAHULUAN    
Berisikan tentang latar belakang masalah, rumusan masalah, ruang lingkup, tujuan penelitian, manfaat penelitian, metode penelitian dan sistematika penulisan yang digunakan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.


BAB II

LANDASAN TEORI

Kesan

DAFTAR PUSTAKA


DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Contributors

Admin, Handri samanta